Tetra ARMS

BACKGROUND: The MMP-9 is a known player in atherosclerosis, yet associations of the MMP-9 -1562 C/T variant (rs3918242) with various atherosclerotic phenotypes and tissue mRNA expression are still contradictory. This study aimed to investigate the MMP-9 -1562 C/T variant, its mRNA and protein expression in carotid plaque (CP) tissue, as a risk factor for CP presence and as a marker of different plaque phenotypes (hyperechoic and hypoechoic) in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy...

BACKGROUND: Loss-of-function (LOF) variants of the angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) gene are reported to be associated with serum triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and thereby affect the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we examined the association of rs10789117 in the ANGPTL 3 gene locus and the risk of CVD in the group of people who were part of the Mashhad-Stroke and Heart-Atherosclerotic-Disorders (MASHAD) cohort...

BACKGROUND: This study explores the association between growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) rs145204276, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) rs512715, and Maternally Expressed 3 (MEG3) rs4081134 polymorphisms and their impact on susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), considering differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PTC. METHODS: A case-control study involving 125 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients and 125 controls was conducted...

The preparation of polymer gels via cross-linking of four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) precursors is an attractive strategy to prepare networks with relatively well-defined topologies. Typically, Tetra-PEG gels are obtained by cross-linking heterocomplementary reactive Tetra-PEG precursors. This study, in contrast, explores the cross-linking of self-reactive, thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromers to form disulfide-cross-linked gels. The structure of the disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels was studied with multiple-quantum NMR (MQ-NMR) spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments...

Designing homogeneous networks is considered one typical strategy for solving the problem of strength and toughness conflict of polymer network materials. Experimentalists have proposed the hypothesis of obtaining a structurally homogeneous hydrogel by crosslinking tetra-armed polymers, whose homogeneity was claimed to be verified by scattering characterization and other methods. Nevertheless, it is highly desirable to further evaluate this issue from other perspectives. In this study, a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation coupled with a stochastic reaction model is applied to reveal the topological structure of a polymer network synthesized by tetra-armed monomers as precursors...

AKT2 is crucial for cancer cells' invasion, metastasis, and survival. It is a possible downstream gene target of cancer glycolysis-related microRNAs. The study investigated the role of miRNA-4716-3p, rs2304186, and the AKT2 gene in blood cancer pathogenesis. RT-qPCR was used to analyze AKT2 gene mRNA and miRNA-4716-3p expression in 200 blood cancer samples and 200 healthy controls. Furthermore, Tetra-ARMS PCR was used to examine the rs2304186 AKT2 SNP in 300 patients and 290 control samples. miRNA-4716-3p was shown to be significantly downregulated (p = 0...

BACKGROUND: Evaluating tremor severity is a critical component of diagnosing and clinically managing patients with essential tremor (ET). We examined the comparability of tremor severity ratings derived from two frequently used tremor rating scales: the Washington Heights-Inwood Genetic Study of Essential Tremor (WHIGET) rating scale and the Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Scale (TETRAS). METHODS: A trained assistant administered and videotaped a neurological examination, including eight items assessing upper limb action tremor (arms outstretched, arms in the wingbeat position, finger-nose-finger maneuver, and drawing of Archimedes spirals)...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of diabetic nephropathy with glyoxalase-1 enzyme levels and a genetic missense variation (SNP rs4746) in its gene (GLO-1). METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi from November 2020 to December 2022. One hundred patients and one hundred and thirteen healthy controls were enrolled using the nonprobability convenience sampling method...

UNLABELLED: This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the problem of overweight and obesity among psoriatic patients by investigating the influence of body mass composition, anhedonia and depression, environmental factors and FTO gene polymorphisms. METHODS: The study enrolled 30 overweight or obese adult patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 30 overweight or obese volunteers (northern Poland region, Caucasian population). Mood disorders, body mass composition by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and FTO gene polymorphisms (rs9939609, rs1558902) by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS-PCR) were assessed...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the allele rs 1143634 in IL-1β and rs1800587 in IL-1α in patients for orthodontically induced external apical root resorption (EARR). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Intra-oral periapical radiograph (IOPA) of maxillary incisors of 142 Patients were evaluated for resorption at two time points; before the start of fixed mechanotherapy (T1) and after one year of treatment (T2). The individuals with root resorption<2mm were categorized as a control group (group 1; n=90), and resorption>2mm were categorized as case group (group 2; n=52)...

Elastic vitrimers, i.e., elastic polymers with associative dynamic covalent bonds, can afford elastomers with recyclability while maintaining their thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we report a series of boronic ester-based vitrimers with tunable mechanical properties and recyclability by varying the substitute groups of boronic acid in polymer networks. The dynamic polymer networks are formed by reacting diol-containing tetra-arm poly(amidoamine) with boronic acid-terminated tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol), which possesses different substituents adjacent to boronic acid moieties...

BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance has been correlated with the genetic diversity within the insulin-like binding proteins genes. Moreover, insulin resistance is one of the key characteristics of the widespread reproductive endocrine condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hence, this study is aimed to determine the association between IGFBP3 and IGF2BP2 gene variants and PCOS risk. METHODS: A total of 300 subjects (150 PCOS cases diagnosed based on Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM consensus criteria and 150 healthy subjects) were recruited in this case-control cross-sectional study...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is expanding to epidemic levels globally due to the progressing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, the association between factor V Leiden ( FVL ), MTHFR C677T, and FXIIIVal34Leu polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy was investigated in Eastern Iran. METHODS: This case-control study enlisted the participation of 300 people (diabetic patients=100, diabetic retinopathy patients=100, healthy controls=100), and polymorphisms were examined by Tetra primer ARMS-PCR...

Inflammation-responsive hydrogels loaded with therapeutic factors are effective biomaterials for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-responsive injectable hydrogel is constructed by integrating an MMP-cleavable peptide (pp) into a covalent tetra-armed poly-(ethylene glycol) (PEG) network for precise drug release upon inflammation stimulation. To establish a pro-regenerative environment, phosphatidylserine (PS) is encapsulated into a scaffold to form the PEG-pp-PS network, which could be triggered by MMP to release a large amount of PS during the early stage of inflammation and retain drug release persistently until the later stage of bone repair...

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex human autoimmune-type inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) belongs to an endogenous and non-coding RNA family with 18-22 nucleotides long, which modulates the innate and adaptive immune response. METHODS: Our study aimed to investigate a possible association between rs2910164 and rs2431697 polymorphisms of the miR-146a gene and multiple sclerosis in the Iranian population...

BACKGROUND: Premature menopause (PM) is the cessation of ovarian function before age 40. PM women are more likely to have cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), diabetes, and mental disorders. This is the first study that assessed the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with anti-heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27), High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs- CRP), and PM and serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), as putative risk factors for CVDs. We aimed to explore the association of oxidative stress markers with eight different SNPs shown to be related to premature menopause...

There is an emerging fluconazole resistance in Candida parapsilosis in recent years. The leading mechanism causing azole resistance in C. parapsilosis is the Y132F codon alteration in the ERG11 gene which encodes the target enzyme of azole drugs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity, compatibility, and specificity of a novel tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method for rapid detection of the Y132F mutation in fluconazole nonsusceptible C. parapsilosis...

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis Known as MS, this chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition affects the nervous system. It is a heterogenic and multifactorial disease. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MS patients' IL18 gene expression and the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (FOK1rs2228570). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study to investigate the association of Vitamin D receptor (FOK1rs2228570) gene Polymorphism and pro inflammatory cytokine (IL18) gene expression among multiple sclerosis Iraqi Patients...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Breast cancer is one of the deadliest diseases affecting women in Bangladesh, and its prevalence is increasing year by year. Although several IL-6 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been implicated in BC susceptibility and prognosis in various studies, no research has been done to investigate the relationship between breast cancer and IL-6 in Bangladeshi women. This investigation aimed to explore the linkage between the rs1800797 variant of IL-6 and the susceptibility to breast carcinoma among women in Bangladesh...

BACKGROUND: The influence of cytokine in the reproductive system is becoming increasingly important. The polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) gene are involved in male infertility. This study aimed to demonstrate the association between TGF-β1 and infertility and to investigate its impact on semen quality. METHODS: In this case-control study, serum TGF-β1 concentration was measured in 144 patients diagnosed with infertility and 40 fertile males by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)...