Jowl fat

BACKGROUND: The intricate mechanisms of jowl formation, which ultimately lead to loss of lower jaw definition, skin laxity, and localized fat accumulation, involve interrelated factors such as skin aging, fat redistribution, muscle dynamics, and loss of support. AIMS: To propose a structured approach to the treatment of the jowl area that is comprehensive and tailored to the needs of each individual patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This integrative review combines a meticulous analysis of the literature with practical insights from real-world clinical settings...

This article seeks to expand upon our understanding of lifting by utilizing the benefits of deep plane release and repositioning. The deep plane is a more logical and natural approach to lifting of the face and neck, lifting along the natural anatomic glide planes. Deep plane face and neck lifting have demonstrated superior results in the authors' experience with less dependence on ancillary measures such as fat grafting or implantation for midface volumization. The deep plane technique allows for the face and neck to be treated and lifted as a single composite unit, providing a more natural and long lasting result and less distortion of underlying structures (i...

The lower face is an integral component of a beautiful face. Age-related changes in this region are so significant that they are often easily appreciated by patients. The aging process not only includes volume loss or downward fat repositioning, but also soft tissue laxity, skin changes, and even bony resorption. In the lower face, this results in sagging of the soft tissue leading to the formation of jowling, loss of an attractive well-defined jaw line, and a retruded chin. Both surgical and non-surgical options are available to reverse the aging signs; however, the popularity of non-surgical treatment has dramatically increased in last 2 decades...

Cosmetic surgeons have conventionally used the line of ligaments to guide facial lifting or volumizing procedures. However, this line is only partially reliable in determining the limits of the mobile and fixed face, as the low point of this line was described in front of the movable jowl fat. This article proposes a new understanding of the ligament. To address this concept, the authors entitled this line the functional ligament line. This article links facial anatomy and its changes during movements to the injectable fillers according to their mechanism of action and rheologic properties...

BACKGROUND: Facial fat compartments and their role in facial aging have gained increased recognition and are playing a significant role in facial rejuvenation. The superficial fat compartments glide inferiorly during the aging process, leading to the flattening and elongation of the face and the appearance of facial bulges, folds, and grooves. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ultrasound imaging of the facial soft tissues was performed on nine female volunteers to demonstrate the change in superficial facial fat compartments from an upright to supine position...

BACKGROUND: Traditional plication techniques have been ineffective in addressing the anterior midface compared to sub-superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) "deep plane" approaches. However, by moving the plication much closer to the mobile medial fat tissues, a more effective and long-lasting plication can be accomplished without releasing the SMAS layer. OBJECTIVES: The authors' "Delta Facelift" approach combines a rotation- vertical advancement of the midface fat with with a dual-vector platysmaplasty and deep cervicoplasty as indicated for a harmoniously youthful neck...

BACKGROUND: Interest in aesthetic rejuvenation of the lower face and neck is growing, but published expert guidance is limited. OBJECTIVE: Review aesthetic concerns of the lower face and neck and provide expert guidance on evaluation and treatment. METHODS: Twelve international experts participated in an advisory board on lower face and neck aesthetic treatment. They completed a premeeting survey and met twice, reviewing responses and discussing patient evaluation and treatment strategies...

BACKGROUND: According to the volume restoration theory, lower facial fat compartments tend to selectively atrophy or hypertrophy with age. The aim of this study was to demonstrate age-related changes in lower facial fat compartments using computed tomography (CT), with strict control of the body mass index (BMI) and underlying diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 60 adult women in three age-based categories. The thicknesses of the jowl, labiomandibular, and chin fat compartments were measured using CT images...

The subperiosteal midface lift is a powerful tool that allows the surgeon to reposition the SOOF and malar fat pad in a vertical direction. Additionally, it significantly softens deep nasolabial folds. Its effect, however, is minimal with regards to addressing the jowl, jawline, gonial angle and cervicomental angle. Combining the subperiosteal midface lift with an extended sub-SMAS rhytidectomy addresses the pre-jowl sulcus by releasing the mandibular ligament. The jawline and gonial angle become more defined with the transposition and suspension of the SMAS flap...

BACKGROUND: The role of ATX-101 in submental fat reduction has been well documented; however, its applicability across multiple anatomic areas is to be explored. OBJECTIVES: To describe the experience with ATX-101 subcutaneous injections for body and jawline contouring and evaluate its safety in the real world. METHODS: This single-arm, single-center observational study included 201 patients who underwent injection adipocytolysis with ATX-101 (area-adjusted dose of 2 mg/cm2) in the jowl, abdomen (upper/lower), thigh (inner/outer/banana roll), arm, anterior periaxillary fat, back (lower/upper/nape/lipoma), knee (anterior/medial), chest, and/or neck...

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the topographic thickness of the skin and soft tissues is necessary when performing a high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) procedure. Thermal tissue injury to the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) or deeper can injure the facial nerve and its branches. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the topographic thickness of the lower facial skin, superficial fat, and SMAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ultrasound data of 200 healthy patients who underwent lower facial rejuvenation were retrospectively reviewed...

Recently, jawline rejuvenation and jowl fat treatment methods have received a lot of attention. Many people are extremely upset and complain about the excess fat under the chin or neck and jowl. The study suggests a new procedure for targeting the jowl fat using Endolift laser, highlighting on the feasibility, convenience, and safety of the technique. Nine patients with pinchable fat on the jawline were enrolled in the study. The Endolift laser was performed for jowl fat treatment for each patient. The results of the treatment were measured by biometric assessment...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to present the results of a new technique for lower face and neck rejuvenation named the MICRO-lift (Minimally Invasive, Combined Radiofrequency, Outpatient lift). This technique is based on a bipolar radiofrequency treatment applied to specific ligamentous areas. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with skin laxity of the neck and jowls, with or without fat accumulation. Patients who presented platysma sag and alteration of subplatysmal structures were excluded from the study...

BACKGROUND: Despite traditional facelift and transtemporal endoscopic facelift techniques are used in treatment of mid face ptosis, they do not have a big impact on the midface area. Lower blepharoplasty techniques are effective to provide rejuvenation on nasojugal area, midface ptosis and tear trough deformity. Additionally, it is also possible to correct the lower face area and jowls with lower blepharoplasty. OBJECTIVES: To define effect of vertical space lift in tear-trough, midcheek groove, midface, and lower face...

BACKGROUND: Facial rejuvenation has traditionally been achieved by repositioning soft tissue via invasive surgery. OBJECTIVES: The present work describes a thread-based, face-lifting (TBFL) technique (BussoLyft™ that has provided reproducible and predictable results for 200 to 300 patients. METHODS: To reposition the orbital, nasolabial, and jowl fat pads, three primary vectors (one vertical, two oblique) are established on the side(s) of the face that requires lifting...

Slaughterhouse residues are greatly available and can pose a threat to the environment if not disposed of correctly. Such by-products can be proficiently processed into polyhydroxyalkanoates by accurately selected and developed bacterial strains. Cupriavidus necator DSM 545, one of the most efficient polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing strain, cannot grow well on fatty substrates. In this work, a recombinant lipolytic C. necator microbe was developed for the efficient conversion of slaughtering by-products into polyhydroxyalkanoates...

INTRODUCTION: The facial aging process produces changes that are characteristic of the superficial and deep fat framework and skin layers. Subdermal suspension with threads enables the sagging tissues to be lifted by means of a minimally invasive, closed procedure without surgical dissection. This observational study has been carried out on the basis of standardized tridimensional photographic analysis and measurement, aimed at determining objective, repetitive, and reliable evaluation of the soft tissue suspension technique...

In this article, we will provide the reader with the anatomical and embryologic evidence supporting the use of the deep-plane approach in rhytidectomy and insight into the evolution of the technique into the vertical platysma advancement. The original description of the deep-plane technique only described a basic superficial muscular aponeurotic system dissection in the midface with the ability to use tension on the flap without aesthetic consequences. This plane of dissection provides additional advantages not previously described, including access to deeper anatomical structures such as the buccal fat pad, and allows in vivo assessment and treatment of jowling...

BACKGROUND: Threadlifts are classified as absorbable or nonabsorbable, natural or synthetic, and multifilament or monofilament ones, each of which has its own merits and demerits. We placed a novel absorbable polydioxanone monofilament threadlift (Mint Lift Fine; HansBiomed Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea) in the subcutaneous fat compartment for facial rejuvenation in patients with nasolabial folds, nasojugal groove, marionette lines, or sagging jowl. Here, we describe its short-term treatment outcomes in a retrospective consecutive series of 21 patients...

BACKGROUND: Jowl fat overhang can reduce jawline definition. The most common treatment to reduce jowl fat is liposuction. ATX-101 (deoxycholic acid injection), a minimally invasive treatment approved for submental fat reduction, may also be an effective treatment for jowl fat. The current study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ATX-101 treatment for reducing jowl fat. METHODS: In this prospective single-site study, 66 adults were treated for excess jowl fat with ATX-101 (area-adjusted dose: 2 mg/cm)...