Tumor invasion

Radiomics has been widely recognized for its effectiveness in decoding tumor phenotypes through the extraction of quantitative imaging features. However, the robustness of radiomic methods to estimate clinically relevant biomarkers non-invasively remains largely untested. In this study, we propose Cascaded Data Processing Network (CDPNet), a radiomic feature learning method to predict tumor molecular status from medical images. We apply CDPNet to an epigenetic case, specifically targeting the estimation of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase ( MGMT ) promoter methylation from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of glioblastoma patients...

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains a significant contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of gene expression and play critical roles in various biological processes, including carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the role of miRNAs in CRC by analyzing their expression patterns and functional implications. An extensive literature review identified dysregulated miRNAs associated with different stages of CRC progression, from initiation to metastasis...

Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related death, often requires surgical resection for early-stage cases, with recent data supporting less invasive resections for tumors smaller than 2 cm. Central to resection is lymph node assessment, an area of controversy worldwide, compounded by advances in minimally invasive techniques. The review aims to assess current standards for lymph node assessment, recent data from the surgical era, and the immunobiological basis of how lymph node metastases impact patient outcomes...

The assessment of patients with a lesion raising the suspicion of an invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a frequent clinical scenario. The management of patients with cSCC is a multistep approach, starting with the correct diagnosis. The two main diagnostic goals are to differentiate from other possible diagnoses and correctly recognize the lesion as cSCC, and then to determine the tumor spread (perform staging), that is if the patient has a common primary cSCC or a locally advanced cSCC, or a metastatic cSCC (with in-transit, regional lymph nodal, or rarely distant metastasis)...

Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common malignant tumor of female reproductive system. MiR-4319 has been identified as an anti-oncogene in various cancers. In the present study, role of miR-4319 in CC was identified. Colony formation, flow cytometer, wound healing, and transwell assays were used to detect CC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. The expression of miR-4319 was decreased in clinical CC tissues and CC cell lines. Upregulation of miR-4319 suppressed cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in CC cells...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major player in regulating NPC transfer. There is increasing evidence that lactotransferrin (LTF) is an important regulator of EMT conversion. However, the potential role and mechanisms of LTF in regulating NPC cell EMT remain unclear. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and Western blotting were applied to measure the expression of LTF in NPC cells. Subsequently, the influences of LTF on the proliferation, migration and invasion of NPC cells were verified by functional acquisition experiments...

This study aimed to explore the core genes of craniopharyngioma angiogenesis for targeted vascular therapy based on single-cell nuclear transcriptome sequencing. For single-cell nuclear transcriptome sequencing, we collected six samples from the tumor center and adjacent hypothalamic tumor tissues from three patients with craniopharyngioma, as well as four normal brain tissues based on Gene Expression Omnibus. We screened genes with differential up-regulation between vascular endothelial cells of craniopharyngioma and those of normal brain tissues, performed GO and KEGG analysis, constructed the protein-protein interaction network, and selected key genes verified using immunofluorescence...

Prostate cancer, prevalent among males, is influenced by various molecular factors, including Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15). Despite its recognized role in multiple tumor types, GDF15's specific involvement in prostate cancer remains insufficiently explored. This study investigates the regulatory function of GDF15 in prostate cancer. To explore GDF15's impact, we established GDF15 knockdown and overexpression models in prostate cancer cells. We quantified mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting...

Many cancers, including prostate cancer, have miRNAs with altered expression levels. These miRNAs play a pivotal role in regulating cancer initiation, invasion, and metastasis. miRNAs are an important component in cancer diagnosis and therapy and can play a key role as biomarkers or chemotherapeutic agents.  This investigation aimed to show the effects of miR-375 on PCa. In this project, target prediction tools and the KEGG pathway were performed to determine the potential targets of miR-375. Transfection was performed using miR-375 mimic and inhibitor...

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor. Importin7 (IPO7) is responsible for nucleoplasmic transport of RNAs and proteins, and it has been confirmed to be involved in the development of human cancers. This study aimed to explore the function and mechanism of IPO7 in OSCC. IPO7 expression in tissues and cells was determined by RT-qPCR. Cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities were detected through transwell assay and colony formation assay. Mice xenograft models were established for evaluating tumor growth...

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is a diverse and aggressive bone tumor. Driver genes regulating osteosarcoma initiation and progression remains incompletely defined. Zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692), a kind of Krüppel C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, exhibited abnormal expression in different types of malignancies and showed a correlation with the clinical prognosis of patients as well as the aggressive characteristics of cancer cells. Nevertheless, its specific role in osteosarcoma is still not well understood...

BACKGROUND: As a natural extraction, astaxanthin is gaining increasing attention because of its safety and anti-tumor properties. It has been reported to participate in the progression of various types of cancer such as gastric cancer and ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, the role of astaxanthin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been investigated. OBJECT: The study aimed to explore the anticancer mechanism of astaxanthin in regulating NPC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion...

Lung adenocarcinoma is the main type of lung cancer in women. Our previous findings have evidenced that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) promotes migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells (LAC), during which LXR as a 25-HC receptor plays an important role. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is a receptor of 27-hydroxycholesterol that is structurally analogous to 25-HC, but its role in the functional actions of 25-HC remained largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that 25-HC treatment triggered ERβ expression in LAC...

Hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer can become aggressive after developing hormone-treatment resistance. This study elucidated the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SOX2OT in tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) breast cancer and its potential interplay with the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMR breast cancer cell lines TAMR-V and TAMR-H were compared with the luminal type A cell line (MCF-7). LncRNA expression was assessed via next-generation sequencing, RNA extraction, lncRNA profiling, and quantitative RT-qPCR...

BACKGROUND: Immune cell infiltration is heterogeneous but common in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) and pre-invasive germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). Tumor-infiltrating T cells including regulatory T (Treg) and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are found in other cancer entities, but their contributions to TGCT are unknown. METHODS: Human testis specimens from independent patient cohorts were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with special emphasis on delineating T cell subtypes...

Breast cancer (BRCA) is currently the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in women worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that mitophagy is important for the prevention and treatment of BRCA. However, few studies have focused on the individual mitochondrial autophagy-related genes (MARG) in human cancers. Based on bioinformatics analyses, TOMM40 was identified as a prognostic DEMARG (PDEMARGs); Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis also indicates that TOMM40 can be useful as a prognostic indicator in BRCAs, with patients in the high expression group having a poorer prognosis...

BACKGROUND: The preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland cancer (SGC) is crucial for the application of appropriate treatment, particularly involving the extension of the resection. METHODS: Retrospective search of medical database identified 116 patients treated surgically with malignant tumors of salivary gland between 2010 and 2020. Analysis included the demographical data, clinical course, type of surgical and adjuvant treatment, histology type and margin status, perivascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), metastatic lymph nodes (LN)...

The Tetraspanins (Tspan) protein family, also known as the tetraspanin family, contains 33 family members that interact with other protein molecules such as integrins, adhesion molecules, and T cell receptors by forming dimers or heterodimers. The Tspan protein family regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, invasion, migration, apoptosis, autophagy, tissue differentiation, and immune response. More and more studies have shown that Tspan proteins are involved in tumorigenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, thrombosis, tumor stem cell, and exosome signaling...

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common childhood tumor with a high incidence worldwide. The regulatory role of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in gene expression has attracted significant attention, and the impact of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) on tumor progression has been extensively studied in various types of cancer. However, the specific influence of METTL14 on NB remains unexplored. Using data from the Target database, our study revealed significant upregulation of METTL14 expression in high-risk NB patients, with strong correlation with poor prognosis...

Lipids play an important role in varying vital cellular processes including cell growth and division. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL), and overexpression of the corresponding receptors including LDL receptor (LDLR), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), have shown strong correlations with different facets of carcinogenesis including proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, a high serum level of LOX-1 is considered as a poor prognostic factor in many types of cancer including colorectal cancer...