keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38075852/invasive-non-typhoidal-salmonella-from-stool-samples-of-healthy-human-carriers-are-genetically-similar-to-blood-culture-isolates-a-report-from-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lisette Mbuyi-Kalonji, Liselotte Hardy, Jules Mbuyamba, Marie-France Phoba, Gaëlle Nkoji, Wesley Mattheus, Justin Im, Florian Marks, Hyon Jin Jeon, Jan Jacobs, Octavie Lunguya
Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) (serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis) are major causes of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa, but their reservoir is unknown. Aiming to demonstrate human carriers as a reservoir, we assessed an iNTS disease endemic rural community (Kikonka health area, Democratic Republic of the Congo) for intestinal carriage of iNTS. After a census, healthy subjects from randomly selected households provided three successive stool samples for Salmonella culture. We next compared the stool isolates for genetic relatedness with time and health area-matched blood culture isolates obtained from hospitalized patients by multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on a subset of stool and blood isolates...
2023: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38051305/women-s-autonomy-and-fertility-in-chad
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Georges Tagang, Jean-Robert M Rwenge
Chad's total fertility rate (TFR) is 6.4 children per woman, compared with no more than 5.5 in neighbouring countries: Cameroon and the Central African Republic. Scientific research on the determinants of fertility in Chad should therefore be carried out in order to show decision-makers how they can strengthen their actions in this area. This is the aim of this study, which focuses on the influence of women's autonomy on fertility in Chad. Analyses of data from the Multiple Indicator and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS/MICS) conducted in Chad in 2014/2015 and a qualitative survey conducted in the same country in 2020 show, among other things, that 1) in socio-cultural groups characterised by strong gender inequalities, women's autonomy is positively associated with their desired fertility; 2) in these and other groups characterised by less gender inequality, women's autonomy is negatively associated with their actual fertility, all things being equal; 3) the hypotheses explaining this relationship differ across sociocultural groups: In highly gender- inegalitarian groups, the frequent death of children leads couples in which women have either little or no autonomy to compensate with high fertility, whereas in less gender- inegalitarian groups, the negative association between women's autonomy and fertility is due to late union formation, union dissolution, the fertility-reducing effects of breastfeeding and modern contraception, and other intermediate fertility variables not considered here...
November 30, 2023: African Journal of Reproductive Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38029670/building-collaboration-and-synergy-among-regional-blocs-to-reduce-marine-plastic-waste-pollution-a-case-for-the-gulf-of-guinea-region
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emmanuel Onyeabor, Uju Obuka
The Gulf of Guinea (GoG) region in sub-Saharan Africa is a vast and diverse region stretching from Senegal to Angola, covering approximately 6000 km of coastline. It is an important shipping zone transporting oil and gas, as well as goods to and from central and southern Africa. Plastic waste has an impact on the major metropolitan centers of this region, as well as the beaches. The Gulf of Guinea region includes the coastal areas of countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), Benin, and Togo...
November 28, 2023: Marine Pollution Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38016502/identification-of-the-pfk13-mutations-r561h-and-p441l-in-democratic-republic-of-congo-drc
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gauthier Mesia Kahunu, Sarah Wellmann Thomsen, Louise Wellmann Thomsen, Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko, Patrick Mitashi Mulopo, Emma Filtenborg Hocke, Papy Mandoko Nkoli, Vito Baraka, Daniel T R Minja, Andria Mousa, Cally Roper, Destin Mbongi Moke, Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi, Eric Mukomena Sompwe, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tanfum, Helle Hansson, Michael Alifrangis
BACKGROUND: Partial artemisinin resistance, mediated by P. falciparum K13 (PfK13) mutations, has been confirmed in certain areas of East Africa which are historically associated with high-level antimalarial resistance. DRC borders these areas in the East. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of resistance markers in six national malaria control programme (NMCP) surveillance sites; Boende, Kabondo, Kapolowe, Kimpese, Mikalayi and Rutshuru. METHODS: The SNPs in P...
November 26, 2023: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37972071/performance-evaluation-of-national-healthcare-systems-in-the-prevention-and-treatment-of-non-communicable-diseases-in-sub-saharan-africa
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kwadwo Arhin, Disraeli Asante-Darko
BACKGROUND: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain a major public health concern globally, threatening the achievement of sustainable development goal 3.4 (SDG 3.4), which seeks to reduce premature NCD-related deaths by one-third by 2030. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), improving the efficiency of NCD spending (i.e., maximizing the impact of every dollar spent on NCDs) is one of the strategic approaches for achieving SDG target 3.4. This study aims to assess the efficiency and productivity of NCDs spending in 34 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2015 to 2019...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37971662/multidrug-resistant-corynebacterium-diphtheriae-in-people-with-travel-history-from-west-africa-to-france-march-to-september-2023
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sylvie Brémont, Virginie Passet, Mélanie Hennart, Laure Fonteneau, Julie Toubiana, Edgar Badell, Sylvain Brisse
We describe 10 unlinked cases of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection (nine cutaneous, one respiratory) in France in 2023 in persons travelling from Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Niger or Nigeria and Central African Republic. Four isolates were toxigenic. Seven genomically unrelated isolates were multidrug-resistant, including a toxigenic respiratory isolate with high-level resistance to macrolides and beta-lactams. The high rates of resistance, including against first-line agents, call for further microbiological investigations to guide clinical management and public health response in ongoing West African outbreaks...
November 2023: Euro Surveillance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37870997/meeting-the-2030-end-tb-goals-in-the-wake-of-covid-19-a-modelling-study-of-countries-in-the-usaid-tb-portfolio
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nimalan Arinaminpathy, Ya Diul Mukadi, Amy Bloom, Cheri Vincent, Sevim Ahmedov
Progress towards the 2030 End TB goals has seen severe setbacks due to disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. For governments and international partner organizations supporting the global TB response, there is a need to assess what level of effort is now needed to reach these goals. Using mathematical modelling, we addressed this question for the countries being supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We aggregated the 24 countries in the USAID portfolio into three geographical country groups: South Asia; sub-Saharan Africa; and Central Asian Republics/Europe (CAR/EU)...
2023: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37865113/evolution-and-spread-of-plasmodium-falciparum-mutations-associated-with-resistance-to-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine-in-central-africa-a-cross-sectional-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emilie Guémas, Romain Coppée, Sandie Ménard, Milena du Manoir, Sandrine Nsango, Dieudonné Makaba Mvumbi, Emmanuel Nakoune, Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko, Marielle Karine Bouyou Akotet, Tatfeng Youtchou Mirabeau, Sylvie Manguin, Doudou Malekita Yobi, Jean Akiana, Lady Charlène Kouna, Denise Patricia Mawili Mboumba, Dominique Fatima Voumbo-Matoumona, Alliance-Laure Otam, Pierre-Alain Rubbo, Jean-Pierre Lombart, Elisabeth Kwanai, Olivia Cohen, Xavier Iriart, Lawrence Ayong, Jean Bernard Lekana-Douki, Frédéric Ariey, Antoine Berry
BACKGROUND: Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, the malaria chemoprophylaxis used in pregnant women, and in children when combined with amodiaquine, is threatened by the accumulation of mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) genes. Data on the prevalence of resistant alleles in central Africa and the new pfdhps I431V mutation, particularly associated with other mutations to form the pfdhps vagKgs allele, are scarce...
October 18, 2023: The Lancet. Microbe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37822046/spatiotemporal-cluster-of-mpox-in-men-who-have-sex-with-men-a-modeling-study-in-83-countries
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weijing Shang, Guiying Cao, Yu Wu, Liangyu Kang, Yaping Wang, Peng Gao, Jue Liu, Min Liu
Mpox outbroke globally during 2022-2023, with more than 90% of cases occurring in men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the spatiotemporal distribution of mpox is not well established yet. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal clustering of mpox cases in MSM worldwide. We obtained the numbers of mpox cases from Our World in Data, the number of MSM from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), UNAIDS DATA 2021 and UNAIDS Global AIDS Update 2022 and literature. We evaluated the spatiotemporal cluster of mpox in MSM using retrospective space-time analyses method...
October 2023: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37814284/genetic-analysis-challenges-the-presence-of-ixodes-inopinatus-in-central-europe-development-of-a-multiplex-pcr-to-distinguish-i-inopinatus-from-i-ricinus
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristyna Hrazdilova, Ondrej Danek, Alena Hrbatova, Barbora Cervena, Eva Noskova, Peter Adamik, Jan Votypka, Andrei Daniel Mihalca, Mechouk Noureddine, David Modry, Ludek Zurek
BACKGROUND: Ixodes ricinus is an important vector of several pathogens, primarily in Europe. Recently, Ixodes inopinatus was described from Spain, Portugal, and North Africa and then reported from several European countries. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to distinguish I. ricinus from I. inopinatus and used in the surveillance of I. inopinatus in Algeria (ALG) and three regions in the Czech Republic (CZ). METHODS: A multiplex PCR on TROSPA and sequencing of several mitochondrial (16S rDNA, COI) and nuclear markers (TROSPA, ITS2, calreticulin) were used to differentiate these two species and for a subsequent phylogenetic analysis...
October 9, 2023: Parasites & Vectors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37802545/implementing-joint-external-evaluations-of-the-international-health-regulations-2005-capacities-in-all-countries-in-the-who-african-region-process-challenges-lessons-learnt-and-perspectives-for-the-future
#31
REVIEW
Ibrahima-Soce Fall, Roland Kimbi Wango, Ali Ahmed Yahaya, Mary Stephen, Allan Mpairwe, Miriam Nanyunja, Belinda Louise Herring, Anderson Latt, Janneth Mghamba, Viviane Fossouo Ndoungue, Daniel Yota, Christian Massidi, Amadou Bailo Diallo, Sally-Ann Ohene, Charles Njuguna, Antonio Oke, Georges Alfred Kizerbo, Dick Chamla, Zabulon Yoti, Ambrose Talisuna
Following the West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak (2013-2016), the Joint External Evaluation (JEE) is one of the three voluntary components recommended by the WHO for evaluating the International Health Regulations (2005) capacities in countries. Here, we share experience implementing JEEs in all 47 countries in the WHO African region. In February 2016, the United Republic of Tanzania (Mainland) was the first country globally to conduct a JEE. By April 2022, JEEs had been conducted in all 47 countries plus in the island of Zanzibar...
October 2023: BMJ Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37795783/psychosocial-interventions-for-survivors-of-rape-and-sexual-assault-experienced-during-adulthood
#32
REVIEW
Lorna O'Doherty, Maxine Whelan, Grace J Carter, Katherine Brown, Laura Tarzia, Kelsey Hegarty, Gene Feder, Sarah J Brown
BACKGROUND: Exposure to rape, sexual assault and sexual abuse has lifelong impacts for mental health and well-being. Prolonged Exposure (PE), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) are among the most common interventions offered to survivors to alleviate post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological impacts. Beyond such trauma-focused cognitive and behavioural approaches, there is a range of low-intensity interventions along with new and emerging non-exposure based approaches (trauma-sensitive yoga, Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories and Lifespan Integration)...
October 5, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37790147/prospecting-for-yaws-in-the-mba%C3%A3-ki-health-district-in-the-central-african-republic
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Germain Piamale, Romaric Ghislain Zarambaud Bohy-Ngombet, Rodrigue Herman Doyama-Woza, Emmanuel Fandema, Christian Maucler Pamatika, Constantin Juvénal Dombeti, Henri Saint Calvaire Diemer, Jean De Dieu Longo, Gérard Gresenguet
INTRODUCTION: yaws is endemic in the Central African Republic. The last cases of yaws notified by CAR to WHO date back to 2012. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of yaws in the health district of Mbaïki and to describe its clinical and epidemiological characteristics. METHODS: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted from April 10 to 18, 2020 in the Mbaïki health district. Yaws cases were sought in 570 households in the 38 selected villages of the district...
2023: Pan African Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37766333/extensive-survey-and-analysis-of-factors-associated-with-presence-of-antibodies-to-orthoebolaviruses-in-bats-from-west-and-central-africa
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Martine Peeters, Maëliss Champagne, Innocent Ndong Bass, Souana Goumou, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo Kumugo, Audrey Lacroix, Amandine Esteban, Dowbiss Meta Djomsi, Abdoul Karim Soumah, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Flaubert Auguste Mba Djonzo, Guy Lempu, Guillaume Thaurignac, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Charles Kouanfack, Daniel Mukadi Bamuleka, Jacques Likofata, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Helene De Nys, Julien Capelle, Abdoulaye Toure, Eric Delaporte, Alpha Kabinet Keita, Steve Ahuka Mundeke, Ahidjo Ayouba
The seroprevalence to orthoebolaviruses was studied in 9594 bats (5972 frugivorous and 3622 insectivorous) from Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Guinea, with a Luminex-based serological assay including recombinant antigens of four orthoebolavirus species. Seroprevalence is expressed as a range according to different cut-off calculations. Between 6.1% and 18.9% bat samples reacted with at least one orthoebolavirus antigen; the highest reactivity was seen with Glycoprotein (GP) antigens. Seroprevalence varied per species and was higher in frugivorous than insectivorous bats; 9...
September 15, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37753434/sero-prevalence-of-anti-sars-cov-2-antibodies-among-communities-between-july-and-august-2022-in-bangui-central-african-republic
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandre Manirakiza, Christian Malaka, Jean de Dieu Longo, Brice Martial Yambiyo, Saint-Calver Henri Diemer, Joella Namseneï, Cathy Sandra Gomelle Coti-Reckoundji, Modeste Bouhouda, Marie Roseline Darnycka Belizaire, Jean Baptiste Roungou, Narcisse Patrice Komas, Gérard Grésenguet, Guy Vernet, Marie-Astrid Vernet, Emmanuel Nakoune
BACKGROUND: Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective. The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to identify individual characteristics associated with positive serostatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a clustered cross-sectional study conducted from July 12 to August 20, 2021, in households in the city of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic...
August 7, 2023: Journal of Public Health in Africa
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37736401/-stronger-with-breastmilk-only-initiative-in-5-african-countries-case-study-on-the-implementation-process-and-contribution-to-the-enabling-environment-for-breastfeeding
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Isabelle Michaud-Létourneau, Marion Gayard, Jacqueline Wassef, Nathalie Likhite, Manisha Tharaney, Aita Sarr Cissé, Anne-Sophie Le Dain, Arnaud Laillou, Maurice Gerald Zafimanjaka, Médiatrice Kiburente, Estelle Bambara, Sunny S Kim, Purnima Menon
BACKGROUND: The practice of giving water before 6 mo of age is the biggest barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in West and Central Africa. To address this challenge, a regional initiative, "Stronger with Breastmilk Only" (SWBO), was rolled out at country level in several countries of the region. OBJECTIVE: We examined the implementation process of the SWBO initiative and the contribution of its advocacy component to a more supportive environment for breastfeeding policies and programs...
September 2023: Current Developments in Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37691840/molecular-epidemiology-of-antimicrobial-resistance-in-central-africa-a-systematic-review
#37
REVIEW
Annicet-Clotaire Dikoumba, Richard Onanga, Laurette G Mangouka, Larson Boundenga, Edgard-Brice Ngoungou, Sylvain Godreuil
BACKGROUND: In Central Africa, it is difficult to tackle antibiotic resistance, because of a lack of data and information on bacterial resistance, due to the low number of studies carried out in the field. To fill this gap, we carried out a systematic review of the various studies, and devised a molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance from humans, animals and the environmental samples. METHOD: A systematic search of all publications from 2005 to 2020 on bacterial resistance in Central Africa (Gabon, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola) was performed on Pubmed, Google scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL)...
2023: Access microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37680753/the-eukaryome-of-african-children-is-influenced-by-geographic-location-gut-biogeography-and-nutritional-status
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pascale Vonaesch, Vincent Billy, Allison E Mann, Evan Morien, Azimdine Habib, Jean-Marc Collard, Michel Dédé, Nathalie Kapel, Philippe J Sansonetti, Laura Wegener Parfrey
Eukaryotes have historically been studied as parasites, but recent evidence suggests they may be indicators of a healthy gut ecosystem. Here, we describe the eukaryome along the gastrointestinal tract of children aged 2-5 years and test for associations with clinical factors such as anaemia, intestinal inflammation, chronic undernutrition, and age. Children were enrolled from December 2016 to May 2018 in Bangui, Central African Republic and Antananarivo, Madagascar. We analyzed a total of 1104 samples representing 212 gastric, 187 duodenal, and 705 fecal samples using a metabarcoding approach targeting the full ITS2 region for fungi, and the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene for the overall eukaryome...
2023: Microlife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37680705/the-east-african-community-mobile-laboratory-network-prepares-for-monkeypox-outbreaks
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Forian Gehre, Hakim Idris Lagu, Emmanuel Achol, Neema Omari, Grace Ochido, Kerstin Shand, Andrea Molina Alvarado, Gerd Ruge, Eric Kezakarayagwa, Francine Kabatesi, Théogene Ihorimbere, Anatole Nkeshimana, Abdi Roba, Millicent Nyakio Ndia, Susan Mahuro Githii, John Ndemi Kiiru, Donald Duku Samson, Gwokpan Awin Nykwec, Isaac Gatkuoth Chot Moun, Lul Lojok Deng, Maria Ezekiely Kelly, Peter Bernard Mtesigwa Mkama, Felician L Msigwa, Alex Magesa, Godfrey Pimundu, Tonny Muyigi, Susan Ndidde Nabadda, Eric Nzeyimana, Juergen May, Muna Affara
In response to the largest recorded monkeypox virus outbreak outside of endemic Central and Western Africa, the East African Community (EAC), in cooperation with the Bernhard-Nocht- Institute for Tropical Medicine, coordinated an emergency monkeypox diagnostic training for the East African Region. As of June 2022, the Democratic Republic of Congo reported a steady increase of suspected monkeypox cases, increasing the risk of spill-over into the remaining six EAC Partner States. Within the existing EAC Mobile Laboratories project, laboratory experts of the National Public Health Laboratories of the remaining six EAC Partner States (Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and South Sudan) participated in the workshop and were trained in the reception of suspect samples, DNA extraction and diagnosis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...
June 21, 2023: Journal of Public Health in Africa
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37612863/emergence-of-monkeypox-mpx-a-close-relative-of-small-pox-during-covid-19-era
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ivneet Kour, Lipika Singhal, Sonia Mehta, Varsha Gupta
After the eradication of smallpox (SPX), a new zoonotic threat that can trigger outbreaks has emerged. It may be fatal during the COVID19 outbreak. Humanity continues to be threatened due to the re-emergence of the outbreaks. In most cases, new emerging viral agents originate from nonhuman hosts with zoonotic origins. Recent outbreaks of zoonotic infectious diseases with the potential to cause epidemics and pandemics continue to pose a major threat to the health security of entire regions, continents, and the world at large...
August 23, 2023: Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
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