Colorectal under 40

BACKGROUND: Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are key biomarkers in evaluating the prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of quantitative parameters in dual-layer spectral detector computed tomography (SDCT) for evaluating the expression of Ki-67 and HER2 in CRAC. METHODS: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 88 eligible patients with pathologically confirmed CRAC were selected from Taicang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between May 2021 and April 2023...

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) affect the way patients are subsequently treated and their prognosis. Dual-energy computerized tomography (DECT) is an advanced imaging technique that enables the quantitative evaluation of lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of DECT images based on the Mono+ algorithm in CRC, and based on this, to assess the value of DECT in the diagnosis of CRC risk factors. METHODS: This prospective study was performed from 2021 to 2023...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals under 50 is increasing worldwide. We conducted an analysis of colonoscopy findings in high-risk individuals under 50 in the CRC screening program in Tianjin, China, to determine the detection rate and risk factors of advanced adenomas (AA), advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN), colorectal neoplasia (CN). METHODS: Our study investigated individuals aged 40-49 who underwent CRC screening and completed colonoscopy, 2012-2020, while the 50-54 age group served as a control...

BACKGROUND: No previous health-economic evaluation has assessed the impact and cost-effectiveness of offering combined adult population genomic screening for mutliple high-risk conditions in a national public healthcare system. METHODS: This modeling study assessed the impact of offering combined genomic screening for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, Lynch syndrome and familial hypercholesterolaemia to all young adults in Australia, compared with the current practice of clinical criteria-based testing for each condition separately...

BACKGROUND: The alteration of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) or the utilization of distinct anesthesia strategies has been linked to the prognosis of various cancer types, but the existing evidence is limited and inconclusive, particularly for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our objective was to evaluate the association between PNI change and progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated with CRC surgery after propofol-based or sevoflurane-based anesthesia...

OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate detection of early stage PDAC when curative treatments can be employed. DESIGN: To assess circulating marker discrimination in training, testing and validation patient cohorts (total n=426 patients), plasma markers were measured among PDAC cases and patients with chronic pancreatitis, colorectal cancer (CRC), and healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: Endocytoscopy (EC) is a nuclei and micro-vessels visualization in real-time and can facilitate "optical biopsy" and "virtual histology" of colorectal lesions. This study aimed to investigate the significance of employing artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of endoscopy, specifically in diagnosing colorectal lesions. The research was conducted under the supervision of experienced professionals and trainees. METHODS: EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and other potential databases were surveyed for articles related to the EC with AI published before September 2023...

BACKGROUND: Increasing social vulnerability measured by the social vulnerability index has been associated with worse surgical outcomes. However, less is known about social vulnerability's impact on colorectal surgery patients under enhanced recovery programs. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that increasing social vulnerability is associated with worse outcomes prior to enhanced recovery implementation, but following implementation, disparities in outcomes would be reduced...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of cancer, and have been shown with diagnostic values in various cancers. The latest research showed that hsa_circ_0124554 is closely related to liver metastasis and vascular invasion in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate whether hsa_circ_0124554 can be used as a diagnostic marker for CRC. In this study, quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect hsa_circ_0124554 expression levels in 40 pairs of CRC tissues and adjacent non-tumor intestinal tissues derived from CRC patients and 32 paired plasma specimens...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly heterogeneous with variable survival outcomes and therapeutic vulnerabilities. A commonly used classification system in CRC is the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS) based on gene expression patterns. However, how these CMS categories connect to axes of phenotypic plasticity and heterogeneity remains unclear. Here, in our analysis of CMS-specific TCGA data and 101 bulk transcriptomic datasets, we found the epithelial phenotype score to be consistently positively correlated with scores of glycolysis, OXPHOS and FAO pathways, while PD-L1 activity scores positively correlated with mesenchymal phenotype scoring, revealing possible interconnections among plasticity axes...

INTRODUCTION: The diverse subtypes of thyroid carcinoma have distinct clinical outcomes despite a comparable spectrum of underlying genetic alterations. Beyond genetic alterations, sparse efforts have been made to characterize the microbes associated with thyroid cancer. In this study, we examine the microbial profile of thyroid cancer. METHODS: We sequenced the whole transcriptome of 70 thyroid cancers (40 papillary and 30 anaplastic). Using Infectious Pathogen Detector IPD 2...

BACKGROUND: The accurate Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) is of great guiding significance for the judgment of tumor progression and prognosis, and the formulation of treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct a recurrence risk scoring (RRS) system and prognostic prediction model to improve the accuracy of staging, prognosis prediction, and clinical decision making in resectable CRC. METHODS: CRC patients who underwent radical resection were retrospectively enrolled into study...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture at "Shangjuxu"(ST37) on nerve growth factor(NGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) signaling pathway in rats with chronic visceral hyperalgesia of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), so as to explore its underlying mechanism in treating IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia. METHODS: IBS chronic visceral hyperalgesia model was established by colorectal dilation stimulation for 2 weeks for SD pups at 8 d after birth, which were fed until 8-week age after the stimulation...

AIM: Due to their rarity, the management of colorectal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (CR GISTs) is still under debate. The aim of this study was to assess prognostic factors. METHOD: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgery with curative intent for CR GIST at our centre from 2002 to 2019. Factors associated with overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were included [median age 63 years, 29 (52%) female, 30 (54%) Miettinen high-risk, 40 (71%) with rectal GIST]...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Surveillance colonoscopies are crucial for high-risk patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) to detect colorectal carcinoma (CRC). However, there is no established quality metric for dysplasia detection rate (DDR) in IBD surveillance. This study assessed the DDR in a dedicated surveillance program at a tertiary referral center for IBD. METHODS: Consecutive patients with quiescent colitis were enrolled in a cross-sectional study evaluating DDR...

Experts emphasize that colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing. That is why its early detection is of the utmost importance. Patients with cancer diagnosed in earlier stages have a better prognosis and a chance for faster implementation of treatment. Consequently, it is vital to search for new parameters that could be useful in its diagnosis. Therefore, we evaluated the usefulness of CXCL5, CXCL14 and CXCL16 in serum of 115 participants (75 CRC patients and 40 healthy volunteers). Concentrations of all parameters were measured using Luminex...

INTRODUCTION: Limited data exist on the risk of venous and arterial thromboembolisms (VTE and ATE) in patients receiving cetuximab plus chemotherapy. We aimed to determine the thromboembolic risk of patients with recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone. METHODS: This population-based study used nationwide claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service of South Korea from 2013 to 2020...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer stands as a prevalent cause of cancer-related mortality, necessitating effective treatment strategies. Acute colonic obstruction occurs in approximately 20% of patients and represents a surgical emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. The optimal approach for managing left-sided colon cancer with acute colonic obstruction remains debatable, with no consensus on whether emergency resection or bridge-to-surgery, involving initial decompressing stoma and subsequent elective resection after recovery, should be employed...

BACKGROUND: Health status and life expectancy are important considerations for assessing potential benefits and harms of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs, particularly among older adults. METHODS: We examined receipt of past-year CRC screening according to predicted 10-year mortality risk among 25,888 community-dwelling adults aged 65-84 years who were not up-to-date with screening in the nationwide National Health Interview Survey. Ten-year mortality risk was estimated using a validated index; from the lowest to highest quintiles of the index, risk was 12%, 24%, 39%, 58%, and 79%, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) is a severe complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), resulting from long-term inflammation in the intestines. The primary cause of CAC is the imbalance of oxidative metabolism in intestinal cells, triggered by excessive reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (NO) species production due to prolonged intestinal inflammation. This imbalance leads to genomic instability caused by DNA damage, eventually resulting in the development of intestinal cancer...