“Kidney cancer in Brazil”

OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportion and total number of the general adult population who may be at higher risk of severe Covid-19 in Brazil. METHODS We included 51,770 participants from a nationally representative, household-based health survey (PNS) conducted in Brazil. We estimated the proportion and number of adults (≥ 18 years) at risk of severe Covid-19 by sex, educational level, race/ethnicity, and state based on the presence of one or more of the following risk factors: age ≥ 65 years or medical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, chronic respiratory disease, cancer, stroke, chronic kidney disease and moderate to severe asthma, smoking status, and obesity...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of cervical pre-malignancies in the cervical cytology of female renal transplant recipients (RTR) and compare to immunocompetent patients. METHODS: A prospective case-control study of 165 RTR (cases) and 372 immunocompetent women (controls) was carried out from May 2015 to August 2016. The participants completed a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, habits, reproductive history, and information about the renal transplant...

Euterpe oleracea Mart. (EO), popularly known as açaí, belongs to the Arecaceae family and grows abundantly in Brazil. The fruit of this palm tree is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this review, a search for literature and patent technological prospecting has been performed on the use of EO to treat and prevent diseases as well as to prepare pharmaceutical formulations. EO leaves, fruits, and oil stand out for their large number of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, anticancer, anti-atherogenic, and healing activities, protection against metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, and protection of organs such as lung, kidney, liver, heart, and nervous system...

BACKGROUND: The Butantan Institute has manufactured a lyophilised tetravalent live-attenuated dengue vaccine Butantan-DV, which is analogous to the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) TV003 admixture. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of Butantan-DV. METHODS: We did a two-step, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2 trial at two clinical sites in São Paulo, Brazil. We recruited healthy volunteers aged 18-59 years; pregnant women, individuals with a history of neurological, heart, lung, liver or kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, or autoimmune diseases, and individuals with HIV or hepatitis C were excluded...

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. In 2014, the United Nations committed to reducing premature mortality from NCDs, including by reducing the burden of healthcare costs. Since 2014, the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) Study has been collecting health expenditure data from households with NCDs in 18 countries. Methods: Using data from the PURE Study, we estimated risk of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment among households with at least one person with NCDs (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cancer and respiratory diseases; n=17 435), with hypertension only (a leading risk factor for NCDs; n=11 831) or with neither (n=22 654) by country income group: high-income countries (Canada and Sweden), upper middle income countries (UMICs: Brazil, Chile, Malaysia, Poland, South Africa and Turkey), lower middle income countries (LMICs: the Philippines, Colombia, India, Iran and the Occupied Palestinian Territory) and low-income countries (LICs: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Zimbabwe and Tanzania) and China...

Studies conducted over the past eight years in Latin America (LA) have continued to produce new knowledge regarding health impacts of arsenic (As) in drinking water. We conducted a systematic review of 92 peer-reviewed English articles published between 2011 and 2018 to expand our understanding on these health effects. Majority of the LA studies on As have been conducted in Chile and Mexico. Additional data have emerged from As-exposed populations in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Uruguay...

BACKGROUND: Renal transplant recipients are submitted to immunosuppression to avoid graft rejection, which makes them susceptible to various conditions. Furthermore, these individuals present malignant tumors more frequently than the general population, including nonmelanoma skin cancer. The individual genetic basis that acts in the pathogenesis of cutaneous cancer may present a protection or susceptibility factor for disease development. One of these factors is the HLA complex. OBJECTIVE: To investigate HLA alleles association to the occurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients from São Paulo State...

INTRODUCTION: People living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). These co-morbidities often accumulate and older adults may suffer from multimorbidity. Multimorbidity has been associated with loss of quality of life, polypharmacy, and increased risk of frailty and mortality. Little is known of the trends or predictors NCD multimorbidity in PLHIV in low- and middle-income countries. METHODS: We examined NCD multimorbidity in adult PLHIV initiating ART between 2003 and 2014 using a multi-site, observational cohort in Brazil...

BACKGROUND: The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo has a unique composition of atmospheric pollutants, and positive correlations between exposure and the risk of diseases and mortality have been observed. Here we assessed the effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) on genotoxic and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation changes, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes, in tissues of AJ mice exposed whole body to ambient air enriched in PM2.5 , which was concentrated in a chamber near an avenue of intense traffic in São Paulo City, Brazil...

OBJECTIVE: To show the initial (first-year) experience with 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT at a clinic in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a one-year period, 96 examinations with 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT (85 related to prostate cancer and 11 related to kidney cancer) were performed in 90 patients. RESULTS: In the prostate and kidney cancer patients alike, the main clinical indication for 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT was suspicion of recurrence during follow-up (in 65...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden of indirect causes of maternal morbidity/mortality in Brazil. METHODS:  Secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study conducted in 27 referral obstetric units within the Brazilian Network for Surveillance of Severe Maternal Morbidity. RESULTS:  A total of 82,388 women were surveilled: 9,555 women with severe maternal morbidity were included, and 942 (9.9%) of them had indirect causes of morbidity/mortality...

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare neoplasm affecting approximately 1/100,000 people. The prognosis is poor and potential curative intent occurs through challenging operations, such as vena cava resection, occasionally multivisceral when required, and vascular reconstruction. There are few retrospective series regarding this retroperitoneal neoplasm, and the aim of the present study was to discuss the experience at the São Paulo Cancer Institute and Clinics Hospital of University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil...

OBJECTIVE: to identify predictors of mortality in patients submitted to nephrectomy for non-metastatic renal cancer. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective cohort study based on the records of patients with renal cancer submitted to radical or partial nephrectomy at the Ceará Cancer Institute. RESULTS: we studied 117 patients, with mean and median age of 59.14 and 59 years, respectively. The male gender was slightly predominant. The right kidney was most frequently affected (64%)...

BACKGROUND: Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common tumor in humans, and its incidence increases among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). The aims of this study were to characterize the RTRs with NMSC, to identify risk factors, and to calculate the probability of this tumor in this population. METHODS: This was a hospital-based case-control study. Epidemiological and clinical variables were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression was used, and a mathematical model was built...

UNLABELLED: Rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are rising worldwide. The most important risk factors seem to be linked to diet. For example, when Japan made the nutrition transition from the traditional Japanese diet to the Western diet, AD rates rose from 1% in 1985 to 7% in 2008. Foods protective against AD include fruits, vegetables, grains, low-fat dairy products, legumes, and fish, whereas risk factors include meat, sweets, and high-fat dairy products. The evidence comes from ecological and observational studies as well as investigations of the mechanisms whereby dietary factors affect risk...

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between weight loss, handgrip strength (HGS) and phase angle (PA) before the beginning of chemotherapy with overall survival in cancer patients. Patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal and breast cancer who were over 18 years old and were scheduled to undergo adjuvant treatment at Hospital Borges da Costa/Brazil were evaluated. The exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant treatment, patients with kidney and liver disease and using diuretics. Weight, HGS and PA tests were performed by trained dietitians...

Flavonoids are plant pigments that have been demonstrated to exert various pharmacological effects including anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the molecular mechanisms in terms of exact target proteins of flavonoids are not fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of scutellarein (SCT), a flavonoid isolated from Erigeron breviscapus, Clerodendrum phlomidis and Oroxylum indicum Vent that have been traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases in China and Brazil...

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Their incidence and risk factors in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) vary depending on geographic location and there is a scarcity of literature describing the features of NMSC in Brazil. METHODS: NMSC data were retrospectively reviewed in charts of RTRs at the Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005, with the objectives of: 1) evaluating the occurrence of NMSC in RTRs transplanted between 2004 and 2005 at a reference center in Brazil; 2) verifying the frequency of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in these patients according to sex, race, age, and tumor site; and 3) determining the time between transplantation and neoplasia...

BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is very common among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) as a result of the immunosuppressed status of these patients and other factors. Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics and evolution of NMSC in RTRs in tropical countries. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology and clinical evolution of NMSC in RTRs. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study including 68 RTRs with NMSC diagnosed from July 2004 to December 2009 with a minimum follow-up of three years...

Amphotericin B (AmB) use is limited by the occurrence of kidney toxicity. Here, we evaluated the incidence and impact of nephrotoxicity in a large series of patients receiving therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate (d-AmB), liposomal AmB (L-AmB), or AmB lipid complex (ABLC), in a clinical practice scenario. In a retrospective cohort study, patients treated with different AmB formulations between 2003 and 2012 were evaluated. Medical records and laboratory data were reviewed. Nephrotoxicity was determined according to modified RIFLE criteria...