PIVKA

Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks highly sensitive and specific protein biomarkers. Here, we describe a staged mass spectrometry (MS)-based discovery-verification-validation proteomics workflow to explore serum proteomic biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis in 1002 individuals. Machine learning model determined as P4 panel (HABP2, CD163, AFP and PIVKA-II) clearly distinguish HCC from liver cirrhosis (LC, AUC 0.979, sensitivity 0.925, specificity 0.915) and healthy individuals (HC, AUC 0...

Vitamin K deficiency can cause coagulopathy; therefore, supplementation is recommended to prevent intracranial hemorrhage in newborns. Some reports have shown that maternal vitamin K deficiency is associated with intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus. However, no clear guidelines exist for the diagnosis and treatment of maternal vitamin K deficiency to prevent fetal intracranial hemorrhage. We report a case of intrauterine fetal death due to intracranial hemorrhage associated with maternal vitamin K deficiency resulting from hyperemesis gravidarum...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) during early infancy is a serious problem worldwide. Vitamin K (VK) deficiency commonly occurs in newborns who are exclusively breastfed. Protein Induced by VK Absence (PIVKA-II) has been identified as an early indicator of subclinical VK deficiency in neonates, surpassing prothrombin time. To assess PIVKA-II levels at 48 h, 1 and 3 months of age in full-term newborns who were exclusively breastfed and received varying VKDB prophylaxis regimens...

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the performance of GALAD, GALAD-C, and GAAP models in Chinese population in comparison to our newly build statistical model. METHODS: In this study, we built the AALP model based on age, α-fetoprotein (AFP), AFP-L3, and prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA II) to differentiate between patients with HCC and patients with CLD. We then compared the serum levels of AFP-L3 and PIVKA II in patients with HCC who were defined as remission or progression and showed the prognostic value of combined biomarkers...

Gamma (γ) carboxylation is an essential post-translational modification in vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs), involved in maintaining critical biological homeostasis. Alterations in the abundance or activity of these proteins have pharmacological and pathological consequences. Importantly, low levels of fully γ-carboxylated clotting factors increase plasma des-γ-carboxy precursors resulting in little or no biological activity. Therefore, it is important to characterize the levels of γ-carboxylation that reflect the active state of these proteins...

INTRODUCTION: In order to maximize the utilization of precious donor liver, precisely determining potential hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) candidates who will benefit from liver transplantation (LT) is essential. As a crucial diagnostic biomarker for HCC, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) has become one of the key indicators for assessing tumor recurrence risk after LT. This study aims to investigate the role of PIVKA-II in recipient selection and prognostic stratification...

Nutritional support is essential for patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) to ensure the smooth provision of medical care. These patients often require long-term tube feeding with enteral formulas, potentially leading to deficiencies in vitamins and trace elements. Additionally, frequent antibiotic use for infections often disrupts gut microbiota, inhibiting vitamin K2 production by intestinal bacteria. We assessed the serum protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II (PIVKA-II) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels to assess the vitamin K status in 20 patients with SMID (median age: 44...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer with high mortality. The realization of precision medicine in HCC relies upon efficient biomarkers. Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) is an immature prothrombin with insufficient coagulation activity, overexpressing in HCC cells. Previous evidence confirmed the role of PIVKA-II in screening and diagnosing HCC. However, the increased PIVKA-II was observed not only in HCC, but also in non-HCC individuals such as vitamin K deficiency...

BACKGROUND: To determine the predictive value of serum abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) for the non-objective response of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: This prospective study included HBV-associated HCC patients who underwent TACE at the Fourth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province between December 2021 and July 2022. According to contrast-enhanced ultrasound and upper abdomen contrast-enhanced MRI, the patients were divided into the objective response group and the non-objective response group 3 months after TACE...

BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-gamma carboxyprothrombin (DCP), also known as protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II [DCP]) are biomarkers for HCC with limited diagnostic value when used in isolation. The novel GAAD algorithm is an in vitro diagnostic combining PIVKA-II (DCP) and AFP measurements, age, and gender (biological sex) to generate a semi-quantitative result. We conducted prospective studies to develop, implement, and clinically validate the GAAD algorithm for differentiating HCC (early and all-stage) and benign chronic liver disease (CLD), across disease stages and etiologies...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence, which encompasses both true recurrence resulting from cancer spread and de novo tumors developing within the same cancer-prone liver, presents a complication in approximately 70% of cases within a 5-year timeframe. The efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy for recurrence after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma is still unclear. We report a case of recurrent massive advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with pathological complete remission was treated by continuous hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) and sequential transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) combined with secondary operation...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein L3 isoform (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), and combined biomarkers for non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC). RESULTS: A total of 681 newly-diagnosed primary liver disease subjects (385 non-HCC, 296 HCC) who tested negativity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) enrolled in this study...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic significance of the combination of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), serum abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-II), and α-L-Fucosidase (AFU) in hepatocellular carcinoma (LC). METHODS: A total of 580 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients were collected, including 124 cases of hepatitis B-related liver cancer patients treated in our hospital from March 2021 to December 2022, 325 cases of simple chronic hepatitis B patients, and 189 cases of hepatitis B cirrhosis patients from our hospital in the same period...

A 71-year-old man with slight fever and dull abdominal pain was referred to our hospital. He had been receiving methotrexate (MTX) to treat his rheumatoid arthritis for more than 6 years but stopped taking MTX after admission due to the rapid aggravation of his liver function. Computed tomography (CT) showed multiple liver lesions with late enhancement, highly suggesting them to be cholangiocarcinomas. Tumor marker levels were normal except for a slightly elevated PIVKA-II level, i.e., 45 mAU/mL (range 0-40 mAU/mL)...

Short-term recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical resection leads to dismal outcomes. To screen high-recurrence risk patients to provide adjuvant treatment is necessary. Herein, based on our previous research, we further focused on the changes in the abundance of binuclear hepatocytes (ABH) in the paracancerous liver tissue to discuss the relationship between the attenuation of binuclear hepatocytes and postoperative short-term recurrence, by combining with the assessment of the value of a reported independent early recurrence risk factor in HCC, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II)...

BACKGROUND: The significance of the current study was to determine normative levels of PIVKA-II and AFP in patients with unresectable HCC and healthy participants. The second goal was to assess the roles of PIVKA-II and AFP in predicting radiological response after loco-regional therapy. METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled consecutive samples of HCC patients and healthy controls. Venous blood samples were obtained at baseline and after interventions to determine serum levels of PIVKA-II and AFP using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method...

INTRODUCTION: Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), as the main serum tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is limited in terms of specificity and ability to predict outcomes. This study investigated the clinical utility of DNA methylation biomarkers to predict therapeutic responses and prognosis in intermediate-stage HCC. METHODS: This study enrolled 72 patients with intermediate-stage HCC who underwent locoregional therapy (LRT) between 2020 and 2021. The immediate therapeutic response and disease status during a two-year follow-up were recorded...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Elevated Protein Induced by Vitamin-K Absence-II (PIVKA-II) has been shown to be an adverse prognostic factor in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). No definitive data are available about the impact of PIVKA-II concerning post-LT recurrence in patients not secreting (≤20 ng/mL) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). APPROACH & RESULTS: An observational retrospective study of the East-West HCC-LT consortium is reported...

AIMS: A variety of factors have been reported to affect long-term outcomes after radical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the indicators remain controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between myosteatosis of the multifidus muscle and long-term outcomes after radical surgery for HCC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinicopathological data for 187 patients with HCC who underwent radical surgery at Tokushima University between January 2009 and December 2020 and measured the density of fat in the multifidus muscle at L3 on their preoperative magnetic resonance images (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: Lack of opportunity for radical surgery and postoperative tumor recurrence are challenges for surgeons and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. This study aimed to develop nomograms to predict recurrence risk and recurrence-free survival (RFS) probability after conversion hepatectomy for patients previously receiving transarterial interventional therapy. METHODS: In total, 261 HCC patients who underwent conversion liver resection and previously received transarterial interventional therapy were retrospectively enrolled...