Antiobiotic

BACKGROUND: Microbial biofilms pose a public health problem for persons requiring indwelling medical devices, as micro-organisms in biofilms are difficult to treat with antimicrobial agents. Thus the present study includes biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogens in hospitalised patients with catheter associated urinary tract infections (UTI). METHOD: This prospective analysis included 100 urine samples from catheterised patients with symptoms of UTI over a period of six months...

OBJECTIVE: To report a potential salvage therapy for refractory renal cyst infection secondary to Salmonellaenterica serotype choleraesuis (S. choleraesuis). CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 52-year-old male with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis experienced an episode of S. choleraesuis-related gastroenteritis subsequently complicated by bloodstream and refractory renal cyst infection with formation of multiple pyocysts...

AIM: Study the influence of batumin on microorganism biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental data on the antimicrobial effect of batumin on microorganisms and biofilm formation (BFF) was obtained by studying 80 strains of bacteria and fungi isolated from microbial biocenosis of the nose of staphylococcus carriers and patients during examination for intestine dysbiosis. 80% pure batumin was used in the experiments. Antimicrobial activity of batumin was studied by serial dilutions method (CLSI, 2005), BFF--by photometry method (O'Toole G...

Intracranial complications of otitis media are rare in the age of antiobiotics and in the developed world, but they can be life threatening when they occur. We present a case of a 47-year-old woman with no contributory otologic history who developed an otogenic temporal lobe abscess.

INTRODUCTION: Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE) is an intraocular bacterial infection transmitted via a hemotogenous route, usually occuring in immunocompromised patients with bacteremia spreading from extraocular foci of infection. We report a case of EBE secondary to a dental infection occurring in an immunocompetent patient. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old-man with no past medical history other than a dental bridge on the 13th tooth was referred for rapid onset hypertensive fibrinous panuveitis of the right eye...

D-Lactic acidosis is a rare complication that occurs in patients with short bowel syndrome due to surgical intestine resection for treatment of obesity. The clinical presentation is characterized by neurologic symptoms and high anion gap metabolic acidosis. The incidence of this syndrome is unknown, probably because of misdiagnosis and sometimes symptoms may be incorrectly attributed to other causes. Therapy is based on low carbohydrate diet, sodium bicarbonate intravenous, rehydratation, antiobiotics, and probiotics that only produce L-lactate...

Fibrosis is induced by the excessive and abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) with various growth factors in tissues. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the growth factor involved in fibrosis, modulates ECM synthesis and accumulation. TGF-β1 enhances the production of stimulators of ECM synthesis such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). As such, PAI-1 expression directly influences the proteolysis, invasion, and accumulation of ECM. It was shown in this study that ascochlorin, a prenylpenl antiobiotic, prevents the expression of profibrotic factors, such as PAI-1 and collagen type I, and that the TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 promoter activity is inhibited by ascochlorin...

The thiazole antiobiotic, thiostrepton, has been found to induce cell death in cancer cells through proteasome inhibition. As a proteasome inhibitor, thiostrepton has also been shown to suppress the expression of FOXM1, the oncogenic forkhead transcription factor overexpressed in cancer cells. In this study, we explored the potential in vivo anticancer properties of thiostrepton, delivered through nanoparticle encapsulation to xenograft models of breast and liver cancer. We encapsulated thiostrepton into micelles assembled from amphiphilic lipid-PEG (polyethylene glycol) molecules, where thiostrepton is solubilized within the inner lipid compartment of the micelle...

The macrolide antiobiotic erythromycin undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and is commonly used as a probe for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 activity. By means of a transporter screen, erythromycin was identified as a substrate for the transporter ABCC2 (MRP2) and its murine ortholog, Abcc2. Because these proteins are highly expressed on the biliary surface of hepatocytes, we hypothesized that impaired Abcc2 function may influence the rate of hepatobiliary excretion and thereby enhance erythromycin metabolism...

Surgical site infections are the most common nosocomial infections in surgical patients, accounting for approximately 500,000 infections annually. Surgical site infections also account for nearly 4 million excess hospital days annually, and nearly $2 billion in increased health care costs. To reduce the burden of these infections, a partnership of national organizations, including the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, created the Surgical Care Improvement Project and developed six infection prevention measures...

INTRODUCTION: More than 125 million (2 %) people worldwide wear contact lenses (CL). 0.011 - 0.2 % of the wearers develop keratitis per year. The aim of this study was to explore and analyse the spectrum of germs in different microbiological analysis techniques to optimize the strategy of antiobiotic therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study about 65 eyes with CL induced keratitis or corneal ulceration who were treated in our hospital between 2005 - 2010...

Myxoma is the most frequent primary cardiac tumor. In the typical clinical picture mostly dominate signs of intracardial obstruction, embolisation or general signs of neoplastic process. The myxoma can mimic the course of acute endocarditis. Genuine proof of infection is rare. We report on a patient with familiar form of infected myxoma, who was treated succesfully with antiobiotic therapy and surgical extirpation of the tumor.

Antibiotic prophylaxis has been, since 1960s, one of the management options in treating vesicoureteral reflux. The purpose of this review article is to provide a concise overview of the rational for antiobiotic prophylaxis and to discuss the various agents used. Some of the current controversies regarding use of antibiotics for reflux will also be presented.

The drug level-time history in plasma and lung tissue was calculated with an antibiotic orally delivered in either an immediate-release or a controlled-release dosage form. The drug profiles were compared with experiment results given in the literature. In the same way, the drug level was evaluated in the bronchial secretion in contact with lung tissue. A numerical model, based on finite differences taking all the known facts into account was built and tested with the data found in the literature. Transport of the drug was looked at, including a stage of diffusion through the thickness of the lung tissue and a stage of convection into the bronchial secretion...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate long-term treatment outcome of patients with infected posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) managed with surgical debridement and or prolonged antiobiotic treatment without removal of the interbody cages. METHODS: Between 1996 and 1999, 8 out of 111 patients who underwent PLIF were diagnosed with deep wound infection (7.2%). All infected patients were clinically followed for at least 2 years after completion of the antibiotic treatment...

N-aroyl beta-lactams are imides with exo- and endocyclic acyl centres which react with amines in aqueous solution to give the ring opened beta-lactam aminolysis product. Unlike the strongly base catalysed aminolysis of beta-lactam antiobiotics, such as penicillins and cephaloridines, the rate law for the aminolysis of N-aroyl beta-lactams is dominated by a term with a first-order dependence on amine concentration in its free base form, indicative of an uncatalysed aminolysis reaction. The second-order rate constants for this uncatalysed aminolysis of N-p-methoxybenzoyl beta-lactam with a series of substituted amines generates a Brønsted betanuc value of +0...

In this article, the total syntheses of the antibiotic abyssomicin C (1) and its biologically inactive sibling abyssomicin D (3) are described. A number of unforseen roadblocks in our synthetic plan encouraged innovation, which culminated in the discovery of a new Lewis acid-templated Diels-Alder reaction. En route to abyssomicin C, we prepared and characterized its stable conformational isomer atrop-abyssomicin C (57), which in the presence of a strong acid underwent an unusual interconversion with the targeted natural product...

An 11 year-old boy with an Alagille syndrome was referred for an urgent echocardiography because of new onset of febrile hemoptysis. Follow-up in our institution to that point had shown severe hypoplastic pulmonary arteries. The diagnosis of tricuspid endocarditis complicated by pulmonary embolisms and aneurysm of the left pulmonary artery was done. Despite effective antiobiotics, the evolution was marked by rapid progression in size of the left pulmonary aneurysm. Since the surgery was not an option because of high risk of death, this aneurysm was treated by a trans-catheter technique using covered stents (CP stents, Numed Inc)...

For the first time a multimodal approach to NEC prophylaxis is reported, consisting of early trophic feeding with human breast milk, and enteral administration of an antibiotic, an antifungal agent, and probiotics. A retrospective analysis of local protocol of NEC prophylaxis is presented. Included were all VLBWI admitted to the NICU, including transfers within the first 28 days of life. These infants were divided into two groups, an "inborn group" (infants admitted within the first 24 h of life) and an "outborn group" (infants admitted after the onset of their second day of life)...

Unnecessary use of antibiotics can endanger patients, increase bacteria resistance, and result in added expenditures. There are only four appropriate medications that should be given to children in whom strep is suspected. You may wish to consider giving Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus test to children before prescribing an antiobiotic. Staff also should take into consideration whether the patient has been exposed to friends or relatives with strep.