MTF

The increasing prevalence of lean diabetes has prompted the generation of animal models that mimic metabolic disease in humans. This study aimed to determine the optimum streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) dosage ratio to elicit lean diabetic features in a rat model. It also used a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) urinary metabolomics approach to identify the metabolic effect of metformin treatment on this novel rat model. Three different STZ-NA dosage regimens (by body weight: Group A: 110 mg/kg NA and 45 mg/kg STZ; Group B: 180 mg/kg NA and 65 mg/kg STZ and Group C: 120 mg/kg NA and 60 mg/kg STZ) were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats along with oral metformin...

BACKGROUND: Ovarian Cancer (OC) stands as the most lethal gynecological malignancy, presenting an urgent clinical challenge in the quest to improve response rates. One approach to address this challenge is through drug repurposing, exemplified by the investigation of metabolic-modulating drugs such as Metformin (MTF) and Simvastatin (SIM). This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms contributing to the potential synergistic anti-cancer effects between MTF and SIM on ovarian cancer cells...

BACKGROUND: Gender dysphoria is associated with suicidality among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people. Gender dysphoria also results in a stress on appearance. AIMS: The objectives of this study were to examine: (a) whether appearance anxiety mediates the effect of gender dysphoria on suicidality; and (b) whether gender identity moderates the mediating effect of appearance anxiety. METHOD: A total of 117 769 college and university students were recruited in this cross-sectional study from Jilin Province, China...

BACKGROUND: Bottom gender affirmation surgery (GAS) involves the risks of bleeding and associated complications. Effective preoperative blood management is paramount across surgical disciplines with international normalized ratio (INR)≤1.5 advised prior to certain surgeries. This study aimed to examine the proportion of patients who were hypocoagulative before they underwent bottom GAS and assess the influence of hypocoagulability on their 30-day post-operative outcomes. METHOD: A retrospective study on female-to-male (FtM) and male-to-female (MtF) bottom GAS was performed based on American college of surgeons national surgical quality improvement program (ACS-NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2021...

Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication. Regardless the reason, high doses of MTF cause lactic acidosis as a result of its effects on mitochondrial ATP production and no-mediated vascular smooth muscle relaxation. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis can be life-threatening despite all treatments. Methylene blue (MB) has the potential to reverse the toxic effects of MTF through its effects on both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and nitric oxide production. The use of MB in MTF intoxication has only been reported in a limited number of cases...

There are conflicting data on the weight-reducing potential of metformin (MTF) in nondiabetic patients with obesity. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of MTF on weight and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight/obesity with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (CRD42018085512). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults without diabetes mellitus, with mean body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 , with or without NAFLD, comparing MTF to placebo/control, lifestyle modification (LSM) or a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-obesity drug, reporting on weight or metabolic parameters, and extending over at least 3 months...

Oligodendrocytes develop through sequential stages and understanding pathways regulating their differentiation remains an important area of investigation. Zinc is required for the function of enzymes, proteins and transcription factors, including those important in myelination and mitosis. Our previous studies using the ratiometric zinc sensor chromis-1 demonstrated a reduction in intracellular free zinc concentrations in mature MBP + oligodendrocytes compared with earlier stages (Bourassa et al...

BACKGROUND: Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine material that is easily confused due to its quality, price and other factors derived from different origins. This article describes a novel method for the rapid tracing and detection of Astragalus via the joint application of an electronic tongue (ET) and an electronic eye (EE) combined with a lightweight CNN-transformer model. First, ET and EE systems are employed to measure the taste fingerprints and appearance images of different Astragalus samples, respectively...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: The reported case was the fourth instance of MF-FM transsexual non-twin siblings, and their father had pedophilia. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether there is a genetic link between gender dysphoria (GD) and pedophilic disorder. ABSTRACT: Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to a persistent incongruence between a person's experienced gender and assigned gender, causing discomfort or distress. Family studies and reports of GD co-occurrence in a family can help clarify whether GD is a familial phenomenon...

Advancements in genomics are transforming the clinical management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) towards precision medicine. The impact of somatic mutations on treatment outcomes is still under debate. We studied the association of somatic mutations in epigenetic modifiers genes and activated signaling/myeloid transcription factor (AS/MTF), with disease progression and treatment failure in CML patients following tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. A total of 394 CML samples were sequenced, including 254 samples collected at initial diagnosis, and 140 samples taken during follow-up...

A design method of the computational flat diffractive computational flat diffractive optical system is presented to simplify the optical system structure and achieve high image quality. The aberration expression of the flat diffractive optical element (FDOE) is derived, and then computational imaging methods are used to eliminate the influence of off-axis aberration on image quality, so the field of view is expanded. Based on theoretical analysis, the FDOE is designed, and the field of view has been expanded from 2° to 5°...

INTRODUCTION: Strategies for achieving high resolution varies between manufacturers. In CT, the helical mode with narrow collimation has long been considered as the gold standard for high-resolution imaging. More recently, incremental modes with small dexels and focal spot, have been developed but have not been compared with helical acquisitions under optimal conditions. The aim of this work is to compare the high-resolution acquisition strategies currently proposed by recent MSCT. METHODS: Three CT systems were compared...

Underwater images are often scattered due to suspended particles in the water, resulting in light scattering and blocking and reduced visibility and contrast. Color shifts and distortions are also caused by the absorption of different wavelengths of light in the water. This series of problems will make the underwater image quality greatly impaired, resulting in some advanced visual work can not be carried out underwater. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an underwater image enhancement method based on multi-task fusion, called MTF...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the influence of decentration, rotation, and tilt on objective optical quality of plate haptic toric intraocular lenses (tIOLs). METHODS: The area ratio of modulation transfer function (MTF), strehl ratio of point spread function (PSF), and higher order aberrations (HOAs) for 3 mm and 5 mm pupil diameter (PD) were evaluated at postoperative 1 month. The retroillumination images pictured by OPD-scan III were used to quantify the degree of decentration and rotation, whereas the tIOL tilt was directly obtained by the tilt aberration...

Adaptive optics visual simulation is a powerful tool for vision testing and evaluation. However, the existing instruments either have fixed tabletop configurations or, being wearable, only offer the correction of defocus. This paper proposes a novel head-mounted adaptive optics visual simulator that can measure and modify complex ocular aberrations in real-time. The prototype is composed of two optical modules, one for the objective assessment of aberrations and the second for wavefront modulation, all of which are integrated into a wearable headset...

PURPOSE: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is currently regarded as the most effective surgical procedure for addressing Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD), frequently performed in conjunction with cataract surgery. In this retrospective study, we present a comparison of visual performance, clinical outcomes, and optical quality between two types of monofocal Intraocular Lenses (IOLs): one standard and one enhanced intermediate vision model, implanted in patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and DMEK surgery...

Subwavelength diffractive optics known as meta-optics have demonstrated the potential to significantly miniaturize imaging systems. However, despite impressive demonstrations, most meta-optical imaging systems suffer from strong chromatic aberrations, limiting their utilities. Here, we employ inverse-design to create broadband meta-optics operating in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) regime (8-12 μm). Via a deep-learning assisted multi-scale differentiable framework that links meta-atoms to the phase, we maximize the wavelength-averaged volume under the modulation transfer function (MTF) surface of the meta-optics...

Depending on various design conditions, including optics and circuit design, the image-forming characteristics of the modulated transfer function (MTF), which affect the spatial resolution of a digital image, may vary among image channels within or between imaging devices. In this study, we propose a method for automatically converting the MTF to the target MTF, focusing on adjusting the MTF characteristics that affect the signals of different image channels within and between different image devices. The experimental results of MTF conversion using the proposed method for multiple image channels with different MTF characteristics indicated that the proposed method could produce sharper images by moving the source MTF of each channel closer to a target MTF with a higher MTF value...

BACKGROUND: Past research has found significant nicotine use disparities for reservation-area American Indian adolescents when compared to national levels. However, adolescent nicotine use has changed markedly, with reduced smoking and rapid increases in nicotine vaping. This study presents 2021-2022 prevalence estimates of tobacco product use, perceived harm and availability for reservation-area American Indian youth, with comparisons to the Monitoring the Future (MTF) national study...

BACKGROUND: Standards for image quality evaluation in multi-detector CT (MDCT) and cone-beam CT (CBCT) are evolving to keep pace with technological advances. A clear need is emerging for methods that facilitate rigorous quality assurance (QA) with up-to-date metrology and streamlined workflow suitable to a range of MDCT and CBCT systems. PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility and workflow associated with image quality (IQ) assessment in longitudinal studies for MDCT and CBCT with a single test phantom and semiautomated analysis of objective, quantitative IQ metrology...