keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415301/effects-of-food-supplementation-and-helminth-removal-on-space-use-and-spatial-overlap-in-wild-rodent-populations
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janine Mistrick, Jasmine S M Veitch, Shannon M Kitchen, Samuel Clague, Brent C Newman, Richard J Hall, Sarah A Budischak, Kristian M Forbes, Meggan E Craft
Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behaviour and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Animal Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413679/a-modified-generative-adversarial-networks-with-yolov5-for-automated-forest-health-diagnosis-from-aerial-imagery-and-tabu-search-algorithm
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prabhu Jayagopal, Kumar Purushothaman Janaki, Prakash Mohan, Upendra Babu Kondapaneni, Jayalakshmi Periyasamy, Sandeep Kumar Mathivanan, Gemmachis Teshite Dalu
Our environment has been significantly impacted by climate change. According to previous research, insect catastrophes induced by global climate change killed many trees, inevitably contributing to forest fires. The condition of the forest is an essential indicator of forest fires. Analysis of aerial images of a forest can detect deceased and living trees at an early stage. Automated forest health diagnostics are crucial for monitoring and preserving forest ecosystem health. Combining Modified Generative Adversarial Networks (MGANs) and YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once version 5) is presented in this paper as a novel method for assessing forest health using aerial images...
February 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412171/frequent-and-intense-human-bat-interactions-occur-in-buildings-of-rural-kenya
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reilly T Jackson, Tamika J Lunn, Isabella K DeAnglis, Joseph G Ogola, Paul W Webala, Kristian M Forbes
Simultaneous use of domestic spaces by humans and wildlife is little understood, despite global ubiquity, and can create an interface for human exposure to wildlife pathogens. Bats are a pervasive synanthropic taxon and are associated with several pathogens that can spill over and cause disease in humans. Urbanization has destroyed much natural bat habitat and, in response, many species increasingly use buildings as roosts. The purpose of this study was to characterize human interactions with bats in shared buildings to assess potential for human exposure to and spillover of bat-borne pathogens...
February 27, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405407/microparticles-from-dental-calculus-disclose-paleoenvironmental-and-palaeoecological-records
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alessia D'Agostino, Gabriele Di Marco, Mario Federico Rolfo, Luca Alessandri, Silvia Marvelli, Roberto Braglia, Roberta Congestri, Federica Berrilli, Maria Felicita Fuciarelli, Angelica Ferracci, Antonella Canini, Angelo Gismondi
Plants have always represented a key element in landscape delineation. Indeed, plant diversity, whose distribution is influenced by geographic/climatic variability, has affected both environmental and human ecology. The present contribution represents a multi-proxy study focused on the detection of starch, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs in ancient dental calculus collected from pre-historical individuals buried at La Sassa and Pila archaeological sites (Central Italy). The collected record suggested the potential use of plant taxa by the people living in Central Italy during the Copper-Middle Bronze Age and expanded the body of evidence reported by previous palynological and palaeoecological studies...
February 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38397768/investigating-the-impact-of-disrupting-the-glutamine-metabolism-pathway-on-ammonia-excretion-in-crucian-carp-carassius-auratus-under-carbonate-alkaline-stress-using-metabolomics-techniques
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanchun Sun, Chuanye Geng, Wenzhi Liu, Yingjie Liu, Lu Ding, Peng Wang
With the gradual decline in freshwater resources, the space available for freshwater aquaculture is diminishing and the need to maximize saline water for aquaculture is increasing. This study aimed to elucidate the impact mechanisms of the disruption of the glutamate pathway on serum metabolism and ammonia excretion in crucian carp ( Carassius auratus ) under carbonate alkaline stress. A freshwater control group (C group), a 20 mmol/L NaHCO3 stress group (L group), and a 40 mmol/L NaHCO3 stress group (H group) were established...
January 29, 2024: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396555/living-with-bears-in-prahova-valley-romania-an-integrative-analysis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alina-Lucia Cimpoca, Mircea Voiculescu, Remus Creţan, Sorina Voiculescu, Ana-Neli Ianăş
Our research focuses on a complex and integrative analysis of bear presence in four tourist resorts in Prahova Valley, Romania: Sinaia, Bușteni, Azuga and Predeal. Employing innovative mixed methods, including questionnaires, interviews, newspaper analysis, and consideration of the local toponymy, including bear-related names and souvenirs, we aim to highlight the extent to which a posthumanist attitude is evident in the region. The sustained appearance of bears is attributed to habitat invasion through deforestation, road construction, residential neighborhoods, and tourist infrastructure...
February 10, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384828/effects-of-overgrazing-on-the-functional-diversity-of-rodents-in-desert-areas
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Na Zhu, Xin Li, Xiaodong Wu, Linlin Li, Suwen Yang, Heping Fu, Shuai Yuan
Environmental stressors and disturbances can cause changes in an ecosystem's community structure, which can be reflected in its functional diversity. As grazing intensity increases, this causes changes in the environment that inevitably lead to changes in the community structure, which can especially affect rodents due to their sensitivity to the environment. The effects of grazing prohibition and overgrazing on the functional diversity of desert rodent communities in Alxa were studied in April, July, and October of 2018-2020...
February 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384820/the-effect-of-urbanization-and-temperature-on-thermal-tolerance-foraging-performance-and-competition-in-cavity-dwelling-ants
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brooke A Harris, Dale R Stevens, Kaitlyn A Mathis
Human disturbance including rapid urbanization and increased temperatures can have profound effects on the ecology of local populations. Eusocial insects, such as ants, have adapted to stressors of increasing temperature and urbanization; however, these evolutionary responses are not consistent among populations across geographic space. Here we asked how urbanization and incubation temperature influence critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) and various ecologically relevant behaviors in three ant species in urban and rural locations in Worcester, MA, USA...
February 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381755/rhythmic-properties-of-sciaena-umbra-calls-across-space-and-time-in-the-mediterranean-sea
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Picciulin, Marta Bolgan, Lara S Burchardt
In animals, the rhythmical properties of calls are known to be shaped by physical constraints and the necessity of conveying information. As a consequence, investigating rhythmical properties in relation to different environmental conditions can help to shed light on the relationship between environment and species behavior from an evolutionary perspective. Sciaena umbra (fam. Sciaenidae) male fish emit reproductive calls characterized by a simple isochronous, i.e., metronome-like rhythm (the so-called R-pattern)...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380064/resource-asynchrony-and-landscape-homogenization-as-drivers-of-virulence-evolution-the-case-of-a-directly-transmitted-disease-in-a-social-host
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tobias Kürschner, Cédric Scherer, Viktoriia Radchuk, Niels Blaum, Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
Throughout the last decades, the emergence of zoonotic diseases and the frequency of disease outbreaks have increased substantially, fuelled by habitat encroachment and vectors overlapping with more hosts due to global change. The virulence of pathogens is one key trait for successful invasion. In order to understand how global change drivers such as habitat homogenization and climate change drive pathogen virulence evolution, we adapted an established individual-based model of host-pathogen dynamics. Our model simulates a population of social hosts affected by a directly transmitted evolving pathogen in a dynamic landscape...
February 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379458/the-long-shadow-of-woody-encroachment-an-integrated-approach-to-modeling-grassland-songbird-habitat
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katy M Silber, Trevor J Hefley, Henry N Castro-Miller, Zak Ratajczak, W Alice Boyle
Animals must track resources over relatively fine spatial and temporal scales, particularly in disturbance-mediated systems like grasslands. Grassland birds respond to habitat heterogeneity by dispersing among sites within and between years, yet we know little about how they make post-dispersal settlement decisions. Many methods exist to quantify the resource selection of mobile taxa, but the habitat data used in these models are frequently not collected at the same location or time that individuals were present...
February 21, 2024: Ecological Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373453/geographical-distribution-and-ecological-niche-dynamics-of-crassostrea-sikamea-amemiya-1928-in-china-s-coastal-regions-under-climate-change
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingxian Liu, Zhenqiang Liu, Cui Li, Haolin Yu, Haiyan Wang
Global climate change drives species redistribution, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem heterogeneity. The Kumamoto oyster, Crassostrea sikamea (Amemiya, 1928), one of the most promising aquaculture species because of its delayed reproductive timing, was once prevalent in southern China. In this study, an ensemble species distribution model was employed to analyze the distribution range shift and ecological niche dynamics of C. sikamea along China's coastline under the current and future climate scenarios (RCP 2...
February 17, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373435/human-wildlife-conflicts-in-the-aerial-habitat-wind-farms-are-just-the-beginning
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuval Werber
The aerial habitat occupies an enormous three-dimensional space around Earth and is inhabited by trillions of animals. Humans have been encroaching on the aerial habitat since the time of the pyramids, but the last century ushered in unprecedented threats to aerial wildlife. Skyscrapers, jet-age transportation and recently huge wind turbines kill millions of flying animals annually and despite substantial efforts, our detection and mitigation capabilities are lagging far behind. Given the situation, our readiness to handle the impact of millions of drones buzzing through the sky carrying batteries, payloads and soon also people, is questionable at best...
2024: Science Progress
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38371865/limited-spatiotemporal-niche-partitioning-among-mesocarnivores-in-gorongosa-national-park-mozambique
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kathryn L Grabowski, Erin M Phillips, Kaitlyn M Gaynor
Competition drives community composition and structure in many ecosystems. Spatial and temporal niche partitioning, in which competing species divide the environment in space or time, are mechanisms that may allow for coexistence among ecologically similar species. Such division of resources may be especially important for carnivores in African savannas, which support diverse carnivore assemblages. We used camera traps to explore patterns of spatial and temporal niche partitioning among four mesocarnivore species in Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park: large-spotted genet ( Genetta maculata ), African civet ( Civettictis civetta ), honey badger ( Mellivora capensis ) and marsh mongoose ( Atilax paludinosus )...
February 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369157/the-impact-of-sampling-scale-a-comparison-of-methods-for-estimating-external-contaminant-exposure-in-free-ranging-wildlife
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helen L Bontrager, Thomas G Hinton, Kei Okuda, James C Beasley
The impacts of contaminants on wildlife are dose dependent, and thus being able to track or predict exposure following contamination events is important for monitoring ecosystem health. However, the ability to track exposure in free-ranging wildlife is often severely limited. Consequently, researchers have predominantly relied on simple methods for estimating contaminant exposures in wildlife with little regard for spatial contaminant heterogeneity or an animal's use of diverse habitats. We evaluated the influence sampling scale (i...
February 16, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362267/anthropogenic-noise-and-habitat-structure-shaping-dominant-frequency-of-bird-sounds-along-urban-gradients
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zezhou Hao, Chengyun Zhang, Le Li, Bingtao Gao, Ruichen Wu, Nancai Pei, Yang Liu
The shifts of bird song frequencies in urbanized areas provide a unique system to understand avian acoustic responses to urbanization. Using passive acoustic monitoring and automatic bird sound recognition technology, we explored the frequency variations of six common urban bird species and their associations with habitat structures. Our results demonstrated that bird song frequencies in urban areas were significantly higher than those in peri-urban and rural areas. Anthropogenic noise and habitat structure were identified as crucial factors shaping the acoustic space for birds...
February 16, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358032/belowground-morphology-as-a-clue-for-plant-response-to-disturbance-and-productivity-in-a-temperate-flora
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jitka Klimešová, Tomáš Herben
Plants possess a large variety of nonacquisitive belowground organs, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and coarse roots. These organs determine a whole set of functions that are decisive in coping with climate, productivity, disturbance, and biotic interactions, and have been hypothesized to affect plant distribution along environmental gradients. We assembled data on belowground organ morphology for 1712 species from Central Europe and tested these hypotheses by quantifying relationships between belowground morphologies and species optima along ecological gradients related to productivity and disturbance...
February 15, 2024: New Phytologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38357501/pulmonary-nitric-oxide-in-astronauts-before-and-during-long-term-spaceflight
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lars L Karlsson, Lars E Gustafsson, Dag Linnarsson
Introduction: During exploratory space flights astronauts risk exposure to toxic planetary dust. Exhaled nitric oxide partial pressure (PENO) is a simple method to monitor lung health by detecting airway inflammation after dust inhalation. The turnover of NO in the lungs is dependent on several factors which will be altered during planetary exploration such as gravity (G) and gas density. To investigate the impacts of these factors on normal PENO, we took measurements before and during a stay at the International Space Station, at both normal and reduced atmospheric pressures...
2024: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355812/spatial-and-economic-quantification-of-provisioning-service-by-eelgrass-beds-in-lake-notoro-hokkaido-japan
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keizo Ito, Shiori Sonoki, Kenji Minami, Susumu Chiba, Hokuto Shirakawa, Toshifumi Kawajiri, Yanhui Zhu, Kazushi Miyashita
Eelgrass beds provide a habitat for many high-value fishery resources, and provisioning services, one of the ecosystem services, need to be quantified. However, few examples have been evaluated spatially. We determined the distribution of eelgrass beds in Lake Notoro, a marine lagoon in Hokkaido, Japan, and quantified the provisioning services by the eelgrass beds in relation to Pandalus latirostris, a fishery resource. Acoustic measurement surveys of the eelgrass beds and catch surveys of the shrimp were conducted in July and August 2015...
February 14, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38351024/airborne-imagery-does-not-preclude-detectability-issues-in-estimating-bird-colony-size
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thibaut Couturier, Laurie Gaillard, Almodis Vadier, Emilien Dautrey, Jérôme Mathey, Aurélien Besnard
Aerial images obtained by drones are increasingly used for ecological research such as wildlife monitoring. Yet detectability issues resulting from animal activity or visibility are rarely considered, although these may lead to biased population size and trend estimates. In this study, we investigated detectability in a census of Malagasy pond heron Ardeola idae colonies on the island of Mayotte. We conducted repeated drone flights over breeding colonies in mangrove habitats during two breeding seasons. We then identified individuals and nests in the images and fitted closed capture-recapture models on nest-detection histories...
February 14, 2024: Scientific Reports
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