urinary biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common systemic microvascular complication of diabetes and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), which are natural nanoscale vesicles that protect RNA from degradation, have the potential to serve as an invasive diagnostic biomarker for DN. METHODS: We enrolled 24 participants, including twelve with renal biopsy-proven T2 DN and twelve with T2 DM, and isolated uEVs using ultracentrifugation...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), as the one of most common complications of diabetes, is generally diagnosed based on a longstanding duration, albuminuria, and decreased kidney function. Some patients with the comorbidities of diabetes and other primary renal diseases have similar clinical features to DN, which is defined as non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD). It is necessary to distinguish between DN and NDRD, considering they differ in their pathological characteristics, treatment regimes, and prognosis. Renal biopsy provides a gold standard; however, it is difficult for this to be conducted in all patients...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. EVs are released by all cell types and are found in biological fluids including plasma and urine. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are a mixed population of EVs that comprise small EVs that are filtered and excreted, EVs secreted by tubular epithelial cells, and EVs released from the bladder, urethra, and prostate. The packaged cargo within uEVs includes bioactive molecules such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs...

Diabetes mellitus leads to chronic complications, such as nephropathy. Diabetic complications are closely related to advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Excessive formation and accumulation of AGEs in diabetic renal diseases lead to excessive oxidative stress, resulting in chronic renal failure. The leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. (sea buckthorn leaves; SBL) show biological benefits, including antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SBL on kidney damage in db/db mice. The SBL extract was orally administered at 100 and 200 mg kg-1 for 12 weeks to db/db mice...

Introduction: As a traditional Chinese medicine , Abelmoschus manihot (L.) in the form of Huangkui (HK) capsule has been used as a medication for kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), in China. The most significant effect of HK capsule treatment in kidney diseases is the reduction of albuminuria and proteinuria. To evaluate the efficacy of HK capsule in the regression of DN, in the current study, we analyzed the biomarkers in the glomerulus and proximal and distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys of db/db mice, the animal model for type 2 diabetes and DN...

BACKGROUND: As a leading cause of chronic kidney disease, clinical demand for noninvasive biomarkers of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) beyond proteinuria is increasing. Metabolomics is a popular method to identify mechanisms and biomarkers. We investigated urinary targeted metabolomics in DKD patients. METHODS: We conducted a targeted metabolomics study of 26 urinary metabolites in consecutive patients with DKD stage 1 to 5 (n = 208) and healthy controls (n = 26)...

OBJECTIVE: We explored the relationship of dietary intake of fatty acids with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to glycemic status in Japanese people. METHODS: A total of 1031 participants aged ≥40 y were included in this population-based, cross-sectional study. A validated self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to measure the dietary intakes of fat and fatty acids, including omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) contributes to increased morbidity and mortality among patients with diabetes and presents a considerable global health challenge. However, reliable biomarkers of DN have not yet been established. Phosphorylated proteins are crucial for disease progression. However, their diagnostic potential remains unexplored. In this study, we used ultra-high-sensitivity quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify phosphoproteins in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) as potential biomarkers of DN...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution characteristics of peripheral blood inflammatory indexes and retinal macular area optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging biomarkers in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) with or without diabetic nephropathy (DN), in order to seek clinical biomarkers that can predict the development of DR and DN. METHODS: A total of 169 inpatients with DR who visited the ophthalmology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2020 to June 2022 and had complete clinical data were collected, and the patients with DR were divided into two major groups, DR and DR/DN, according to whether they had DN, and then further divided into four subgroups, Non-proliferative DR(NPDR), proliferative DR(PDR), NPDR/DN and PDR/DN, according to the stage of DR...

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN), effective treatment is particularly important for the recovery of patients. However, the currently approved drugs are usually tailored to clinical symptoms and no mechanism-targeted drugs are available. In this study, the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology was applied to provide reasonable medication combination regimens to meet the different clinical needs for the targeted treatment of DM and DN. An NMR-based metabolomic strategy was applied to identify the potential urinary biomarkers of DM or/and DN, while network pharmacology was used to identify the therapy targets of DM and DN by intersecting the targets of diseases and currently approved drugs...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is the leading cause of CKD and kidney failure. We assessed the real-world effectiveness of Rehmannia-6-based Chinese medicine treatment, the most used Chinese medicine formulation, on the change in eGFR and albuminuria in patients with diabetes and CKD with severely increased albuminuria. METHODS: In this randomized, assessor-blind, standard care-controlled, parallel, multicenter trial, 148 adult patients from outpatient clinics with type 2 diabetes, an eGFR of 30-90 ml/min per 1...

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency in the α-galactosidase A enzyme, which results in the globotriaosylceramide accumulation in many organs, including the kidneys. Nephropathy is a major FD complication that can progress to end-stage renal disease if not treated early. Although enzyme replacement therapy and chaperone therapy are effective, other treatments such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers can also provide nephroprotective effects when renal damage is also established...

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneous phenotype of diabetic nephropathy (DN) from type 2 diabetes complicates appropriate treatment approaches and outcome prediction. Kidney histology helps diagnose DN and predict its outcomes, and an artificial intelligence (AI)- based approach will maximize clinical utility of histopathological evaluation. Herein, we addressed whether AI-based integration of urine proteomics and image features improves DN classification and its outcome prediction, altogether augmenting and advancing pathology practice...

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common endocrine disease in children. Early recognition of complications of T1DM is important for preventing long-term morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether urinary haptoglobin level is a biomarker of diabetic nephropathy in children with T1DM. METHODS: Ninety T1DM patients, aged between 2-18 years, and 60 healthy age-matched children were included in the study. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), spot urine creatinine, microalbumin, protein and haptoglobin levels of all cases were measured and compared...

BACKGROUND: Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are derived from epithelia facing the renal tubule lumen in the kidney and urogenital tract; they may carry protein biomarkers of renal dysfunction and structural injury. However, there are scarce studies focusing on uEVs in diabetes with kidney injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based epidemiological survey was performed, and the participants were randomly selected for our study. uEVs were enriched by dehydrated dialysis method, quantified by Coomassie Bradford protein assay, and adjusted by urinary creatinine (UCr)...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) seems to be the major cause of chronic kidney disease that may finally lead to End Stage Renal Disease. So, renal function assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals is very important. Clearly, DN pathogenesis is multifactorial and different proteins, genes and environmental factors can contribute to the onset of the disease. We assessed sensitive and specific biomarkers (in blood and urine) which can predict kidney disease susceptibility among T2DM patients. Serum cystatin-c (cyst-c) in blood and urinary hemeoxygenase (HO-1) in addition to ACE I/D polymorphism and ACE G2350A genotypes...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes. This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic markers of DN and explore the significance of immune cell infiltration in this pathology. METHODS: The GSE30528, GSE96804, and GSE1009 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by merging the GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets. Enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed...

Diabetic nephropathy remains a common cause of end-stage renal failure and its associated mortality around the world. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifunctional lipid mediator and binds to HDL via apolipoprotein M (ApoM). Since HDL has been reported to be epidemiologically associated with kidney disease, we attempted to investigate the involvement of the ApoM/S1P axis in the pathogenesis/progression of diabetic nephropathy. In type 2 diabetic patients, the serum ApoM levels were inversely correlated with the clinical stage of diabetic nephropathy...

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Several cellular processes are regulated via non-coding RNAs by silencing target gene expression. Previous investigations have established a linkage between a number of human microRNAs and kidney failure. This study aims to identify the expression of urinary miR-199a-3p and miR-155-5p as non-invasive biomarkers during post and pre-transplantation over a six-month follow-up period. In addition to the classic chronic renal disease markers (estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR, Serum creatinine, serum electrolytes, and Antinuclear antibodies ANA test)...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes. DN progresses to end-stage renal disease, which has a high mortality rate. Current research is focused on identifying non-invasive potential biomarkers in the early stage of DN. We previously indicated that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is excreted in the urine of rats after cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). However, it has not been reported whether PKM2 can be used as a biomarker to diagnose DN. Therefore, we try to compare whether the protein PKM2 can be detected in the urine samples from diabetic patients as shown in the results of DN models...