keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501709/disruption-of-fuz-in-mouse-embryos-generates-hypoplastic-hindbrain-development-and-reduced-cranial-nerve-ganglia
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlo Donato Caiaffa, Yogeshwari S Ambekar, Manmohan Singh, Ying Linda Lin, Bogdan Wlodarczyk, Salavat R Aglyamov, Giuliano Scarcelli, Kirill V Larin, Richard H Finnell
BACKGROUND: The brain and spinal cord formation is initiated in the earliest stages of mammalian pregnancy in a highly organized process known as neurulation. Environmental or genetic interferences can impair neurulation, resulting in clinically significant birth defects known collectively as neural tube defects. The Fuz gene encodes a subunit of the CPLANE complex, a macromolecular planar polarity effector required for ciliogenesis. Ablation of Fuz in mouse embryos results in exencephaly and spina bifida, including dysmorphic craniofacial structures due to defective cilia formation and impaired Sonic Hedgehog signaling...
March 19, 2024: Developmental Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501548/the-telocytes-relationship-with-satellite-cells-extracellular-vesicles-mediate-the-myotendinous-junction-remodeling
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jurandyr Pimentel Neto, Rodrigo Daniel Batista, Lara Caetano Rocha-Braga, Marucia Chacur, Paula Oliveira Camargo, Adriano Polican Ciena
The peripheral nerve injury (PNI) affects the morphology of the whole locomotor apparatus, which can reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ) interface. In the injury condition, the skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) are triggered, activated, and proliferated to repair their structure, and in the MTJ, the telocytes (TC) are associated to support the interface with the need for remodeling; in that way, these cells can be associated with SC. The study aimed to describe the SC and TC relationship after PNI at the MTJ...
March 19, 2024: Microscopy Research and Technique
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498507/register-transitions-in-an-in-vivo-canine-model-as-a-function-of-intrinsic-laryngeal-muscle-stimulation-fundamental-frequency-and-sound-pressure-level
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick Schlegel, David A Berry, Clare Moffatt, Zhaoyan Zhang, Dinesh K Chhetri
Phonatory instabilities and involuntary register transitions can occur during singing. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms which govern such transitions. To investigate this phenomenon, we systematically varied laryngeal muscle activation and airflow in an in vivo canine larynx model during phonation. We calculated voice range profiles showing average nerve activations for all combinations of fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL). Further, we determined closed-quotient (CQ) and minimum-posterior-area (MPA) based on high-speed video recordings...
March 1, 2024: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38498358/lnctcons_00058568-is-involved-in-the-pathophysiologic-processes-mediated-by-p2x7r-in-the-lower-thoracic-spinal-cord-after-acute-kidney-injury
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiru Wang, Zhi Chen, Qingquan Liu, Yongman Lv
Acute kidney injury (AKI), a prevalent clinical syndrome, involves the participation of the nervous system in neuroimmune regulation. However, the intricate molecular mechanism that governs renal function regulation by the central nervous system (CNS) is complex and remains incompletely understood. In the present study, we found that the upregulated expression of lncTCONS_00058568 in lower thoracic spinal cord significantly ameliorated AKI-induced renal tissue injury, kidney morphology, inflammation and apoptosis, and suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity...
March 31, 2024: FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497630/vertebral-artery-mobilization-during-transcondylar-extreme-far-lateral-approach-for-excision-of-large-foramen-magnum-meningioma-2-dimensional-operative-video
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeremy Kam, Mendel Castle-Kirszbaum, Celine Hounjet, Hannah Schoenroth, Benjamin Brakel, Serge Makarenko, Peter Gooderham, Ryojo Akagami
Foramen magnum meningiomas are challenging lesions owing to their proximity to the lower brainstem, vertebrobasilar system, and lower cranial nerves.1,2 Tumor size, origin, morphology, relationship to neurovascular structures, and bony anatomy determine the optimal surgical approach.2,3 Classically, far lateral approaches have been the workhorse approach to the foramen magnum. Variations of the far lateral including transcondylar and extended transcondylar (paracondylar), with or without transposition of the vertebral artery, are sometimes used for a more lateral approach to the brainstem and clivus...
March 18, 2024: Operative Neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496666/morphology-but-not-microtubules-of-the-retinal-nerve-fibers-are-protected-by-nicotinamide-in-glaucoma-mice
#26
Vinessia Boodram, Hyungsik Lim
UNLABELLED: Glaucoma is a blinding disease where the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the axons degenerate. Degradation of axonal microtubules is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis, but the mechanism is unknown. Here we investigate whether microtubule disruption in glaucoma can be alleviated by metabolic rescue. Using nicotinamide to reduce metabolic stress, the morphology and integrity of microtubules of the retinal nerve fibers are examined in a mouse model of glaucoma, DBA/2...
March 11, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496662/sarm1-is-not-necessary-for-activation-of-neuron-intrinsic-growth-programs-yet-required-for-the-schwann-cell-repair-response-and-peripheral-nerve-regeneration
#27
Ligia B Schmitd, Hannah Hafner, Ayobami Ward, Elham Asghari Adib, Natalia P Biscola, Rafi Kohen, Manav Patel, Rachel E Williamson, Emily Desai, Julianna Bennett, Grace Saxman, Mitre Athaiya, David Wilborn, Jaisha Shumpert, Xiao-Feng Zhao, Riki Kawaguchi, Daniel H Geschwind, Ahmet Hoke, Peter Shrager, Catherine A Collins, Leif A Havton, Ashley L Kalinski, Roman J Giger
Upon peripheral nervous system (PNS) injury, severed axons undergo rapid SARM1-dependent Wallerian degeneration (WD). In mammals, the role of SARM1 in PNS regeneration, however, is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Sarm1 is not required for injury-induced activation of neuron-intrinsic growth programs or axonal growth into a nerve crush site. However, in the distal nerve, Sarm1 is necessary for the timely induction of the Schwann cell (SC) repair response, nerve inflammation, myelin clearance, and regeneration of sensory and motor axons...
March 8, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496560/prostaglandin-d2-synthase-controls-schwann-cells-metabolism
#28
Amelia Trimarco, Matteo Audano, Rosa La Marca, Mariaconcetta Cariello, Marta Falco, Silvia Pedretti, Gabriele Imperato, Alessandro Cestaro, Paola Podini, Giorgia Dina, Angelo Quattrini, Luca Massimino, Donatella Caruso, Nico Mitro, Carla Taveggia
We previously reported that in the absence of Prostaglandin D2 synthase (L-PGDS) peripheral nerves are hypomyelinated in development and that with aging they present aberrant myelin sheaths. We now demonstrate that L-PGDS expressed in Schwann cells is part of a coordinated program aiming at preserving myelin integrity. In vivo and in vitro lipidomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses confirmed that myelin lipids composition, Schwann cells energetic metabolism and key enzymes controlling these processes are altered in the absence of L-PGDS...
March 4, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494978/-study-on-the-thickness-and-morphology-of-lingual-bone-of-impacted-mandibular-third-molar-based-on-cbct-and-simplant-3d-reconstruction
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jun Zhao, Xiao-Bo Wu, Na Liu, Xin-He Hao
PURPOSE: The potential relationship between impacted mandibular third molar and lingual bone thickness was investigated by quantitative measurement of lingual bone thickness, and a three-dimensional visualization model of lingual bone was established. METHODS: Image data of 200 cases of mandibular impacted third molar were collected from the database of Hefei Stomatological Hospital. Thickness measurement and three-dimensional reconstruction of lingual bone at different measurement sites were performed by Simplant Pro software...
December 2023: Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue, Shanghai Journal of Stomatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492879/skeletal-muscle-atrophy-after-sciatic-nerve-damage-mechanistic-insights
#30
REVIEW
Aarti Yadav, Rajesh Dabur
Sciatic nerve injury leads to molecular events that cause muscular dysfunction advancement in atrophic conditions. Nerve damage renders muscles permanently relaxed which elevates intracellular resting Ca2+ levels. Increased Ca2+ levels are associated with several cellular signaling pathways including AMPK, cGMP, PLC-β, CERB, and calcineurin. Also, multiple enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are activated by Ca2+ influx into mitochondria during muscle contraction, to meet increased ATP demand...
March 14, 2024: European Journal of Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491849/structure-of-the-oral-tentacles-of-early-ontogeny-stage-in-brachiopod-hemithiris-psittacea-rhynchonelliformea-rhynchonellida
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tatyana Valerievna Kuzmina, Elena Nikolaevna Temereva
Brachiopods have the most complex lophophore in comparison with other lophophorates, i.e., phoronids and bryozoans. However, at early ontogenetic stages, brachiopods have a lophophore of simple morphology, which consists of the oral tentacles. Data on the ultrastructure of the oral tentacles is mostly missing. Nonetheless, it has recently been suggested that the structure of oral tentacles is ancestral for all lophophorates in general, and for brachiopods in particular. The fine structure of the oral tentacles in the brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea is studied using light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, cytochemistry and confocal laser scanning microscopy...
April 2024: Journal of Morphology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488564/p38-mapk-inhibitor-sb202190-suppresses-ferroptosis-in-the-glutamate-induced-retinal-excitotoxicity-glaucoma-model
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lemeng Feng, Chao Wang, Cheng Zhang, Wulong Zhang, Weiming Zhu, Ye He, Zhaohua Xia, Weitao Song
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202410000-00031/figure1/v/2024-02-06T055622Z/r/image-tiff Glutamate excitotoxicity has been shown to play an important role in glaucoma, and glutamate can induce ferroptosis. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway inhibitor SB202190 has a potential ability to suppress ferroptosis, and its downstream targets, such as p53, have been shown to be associated with ferroptosis. However, whether ferroptosis also occurs in retinal ganglion cells in response to glutamate excitotoxicity and whether inhibition of ferroptosis reduces the loss of retinal ganglion cells induced by glutamate excitotoxicity remain unclear...
October 1, 2024: Neural Regeneration Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484443/sheet-like-interstitial-cells-connect-epithelial-and-smooth-muscle-cells-in-the-mouse-prostate
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yoshihiro Kawaguchi, Keisuke Ohta, Tasuku Hiroshige, Kei-Ichiro Uemura, Akinobu Togo, Kei-Ichiro Nakamura, Tsukasa Igawa
Epithelial-stromal relationship in the prostate gland is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, including functional differentiation, proliferation, and quiescence. Pathological stromal changes are believed to cause benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The prostate stromal tissue is known to have several subtypes of interstitial cells that connect the epithelium and smooth muscle. However, the characteristics of their morphology and connection patterns are not fully understood. Therefore, we aimed to investigated the three-dimensional morphology and intercellular interactions of interstitial cells in the prostate ventral lobe of mature wild-type mice using immunohistochemistry and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy tomography (FIB-SEM tomography)...
March 13, 2024: Acta Histochemica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480784/morphological-differences-of-the-neuroretinal-rim-between-temporally-tilted-and-non-tilted-optic-discs-in-healthy-eyes
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chan Woong Joo, Youn Joo Choi, Han Ul Kim, Sung Pyo Park, Kyeong Ik Na
This study aimed to compare morphological differences of the neuroretinal rim between the temporally tilted and non-tilted optic discs in healthy eyes. We prospectively enrolled participants aged 20-40 years with temporally tilted or non-tilted optic discs. The optic nerve head parameters were analyzed using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. The angle between the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) plane and BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) was termed "BMO-MRW angle". Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (pRNFLT) and BMO-based parameters were compared between the temporally tilted and non-tilted disc groups...
March 13, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478883/a-conserved-gastropod-withdrawal-circuit-in-biomphalaria-glabrata-an-intermediate-host-for-schistosomiasis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lee O Vaasjo, Mark W Miller
Neuronal signals mediated by the biogenic amine serotonin underlie critical survival strategies across the animal kingdom. This investigation examined serotonin-like immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral ganglion of the panpulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata , a major intermediate host for the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni . Five neurons comprising the cerebral serotonergic F (CeSF) cluster of B. glabrata shared morphological characteristics with neurons that contribute to withdrawal behaviors in numerous heterobranch species...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Neurophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478763/epiretinal-macrophage-like-cells-on-optical-coherence-tomography-potential-inflammatory-imaging-biomarker-of-severity-in-diabetic-retinopathy
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yunkao Zeng, Feng Wen, Xuenan Zhuang, Guiqin He, Xiongze Zhang
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of epiretinal macrophage-like cells (eMLC) in different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), including diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: One hundred and seventy-six eyes of 176 patients, including 31 diabetes eyes without retinopathy (NDR), 24 with mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 37 with moderate NPDR, 32 with severe NPDR, and 52 with proliferative DR (PDR), were compared to 30 healthy controls. The optic nerve head and macular region were examined using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography...
March 12, 2024: Retina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473985/cochlear-ribbon-synapses-in-aged-gerbils
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sonny Bovee, Georg M Klump, Sonja J Pyott, Charlotte Sielaff, Christine Köppl
In mammalian hearing, type-I afferent auditory nerve fibers comprise the basis of the afferent auditory pathway. They are connected to inner hair cells of the cochlea via specialized ribbon synapses. Auditory nerve fibers of different physiological types differ subtly in their synaptic location and morphology. Low-spontaneous-rate auditory nerve fibers typically connect on the modiolar side of the inner hair cell, while high-spontaneous-rate fibers are typically found on the pillar side. In aging and noise-damaged ears, this fine-tuned balance between auditory nerve fiber populations can be disrupted and the functional consequences are currently unclear...
February 27, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469057/reduced-graphene-oxide-fibers-combined-with-electrical-stimulation-promote-peripheral-nerve-regeneration
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuanyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Cheng Lu, Daokuan Sun, Shiqi Kang, Xin Wang, Laijin Lu
BACKGROUND: The treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is still a substantial clinical problem. Graphene-based scaffolds possess extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic and can conduct electrical signals, therefore have been investigated for repairing PNI. Combined with electrical stimulation (ES), a well performance should be expected. We aimed to determine the effects of reduced graphene oxide fibers (rGOFs) combined with ES on PNI repair in vivo. METHODS: rGOFs were prepared by one-step dimensionally confined hydrothermal strategy (DCH)...
2024: International Journal of Nanomedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468591/the-autonomic-nerves-around-the-vein-of-marshall-a%C3%A2-postmortem-study-with-clinical-implications
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Denis Depes, Ari Mennander, Paavo Immonen, Artturi Mäkinen, Heini Huhtala, Timo Paavonen, Ivana Kholová
This study aims to analyze the vein of Marshall (VOM) in human autopsy hearts and its correlation with clinical data to elucidate the morphological substrates of atrial fibrillation (AF) and other cardiac diseases. Twenty-three adult autopsy hearts were studied, assessing autonomic nerves by immunohistochemistry with tyrosine hydroxylase (sympathetic nerves), choline acetyltransferase (parasympathetic nerves), growth-associated protein 43 (neural growth), and S100 (general neural marker) antibodies. Interstitial fibrosis was assessed by Masson trichrome staining...
March 12, 2024: APMIS: Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, et Immunologica Scandinavica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465087/laser-interstitial-thermal-therapy-as-a-treatment-option-for-malignant-peripheral-nerve-sheath-tumor-metastases-to-the-brain-a-case-report
#40
Annie Pico, Isabel L Bauer, Kristin Nosova, Ashley Kern, Robert Bina
We present the unique case of a 60-year-old female with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who underwent laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for metastatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the brain. She presented to the emergency room complaining of one week of dysarthria and facial droop. An MRI of the brain demonstrated a homogeneously enhancing left frontal mass; although rare, given her history of pulmonary MPNST, brain invasion was considered likely. No generally accepted guidelines for the treatment of MPNST with cerebral metastases exist; however, LITT was chosen due to tumor morphology and proximity to eloquent brain structures...
February 2024: Curēus
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