slow component

Mycobacteria are causative agents of tuberculosis (TB), which is a global health concern. Drug-resistant TB strains are rapidly emerging, thereby necessitating the urgent development of new drugs. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) are signaling pathways involved in the regulation of various bacterial behaviors and responses to environmental stimuli. Applying specific inhibitors of TCSs can disrupt bacterial signaling, growth, and virulence, and can help combat drug-resistant TB. We conducted a comprehensive pharmacophore-based inhibitor screening and biochemical and biophysical examinations to identify, characterize, and validate potential inhibitors targeting the response regulators PhoP and MtrA of mycobacteria...

Developing highly active yet stable catalysts for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) in alkaline media remains a significant challenge. Herein, we designed a novel catalyst of atomic PtPd-layer shelled ultrasmall PdCu hollow nanoparticles (HPdCu NPs) on partially unzipped carbon nanotubes (PtPd@HPdCu/W-CNTs), which can achieve a high mass activity, 5 times that of the benchmark Pt/C, and show exceptional stability with negligible decay after 20,000 cycles of accelerated degradation test. The atomically thin PtPd shell serves as the primary active site for the HOR and a protective layer that prevents Cu leaching...

Rapidly dividing cells can eliminate slow growing neighbors through the apoptotic process of cell competition. This process ensures that only high fitness cells populate embryonic tissues and is proposed to underlie the ability of oncogene-transformed cells to progressively replace normal cells within a tissue. Patches of cells in the Drosophila wing disc overexpressing the oncogenic Taiman (Tai) transcriptional coactivator kill normal neighbors by secreting Spätzle ligands that trigger pro-apoptotic Toll signaling in receiving cells...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease (NDD), is characterized by chronic neuronal cell death through progressive loss of cognitive function. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are considered the hallmarks of AD pathology. Different therapeutic approaches approved by the Food and Drug Administration can only target a single altered pathway instead of various mechanisms that are involved in AD pathology, resulting in limited symptomatic relief and almost no effect in slowing down the disease progression...

Water splitting is an important way to obtain hydrogen applied in clean energy, which mainly consists of two half-reactions: hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, the kinetics of the OER of water splitting, which occurs at the anode, is slow and inefficient, especially in acid. Currently, the main OER catalysts are still based on noble metals, such as Ir and Ru, which are the main active components. Hence, the exploration of new OER catalysts with low cost, high activity, and stability has become a key issue in the research of electrolytic water hydrogen production technology...

High-entropy oxides (HEOs), as a new type of single-phase solid solution with a multi-component design, have shown great potential when they are used as anodes in lithium-ion batteries due to four kinds of effects (thermodynamic high-entropy effect, the structural lattice distortion effect, the kinetic slow diffusion effect, and the electrochemical "cocktail effect"), leading to excellent cycling stability. Although the number of articles on the study of HEO materials has increased significantly, the latest research progress in porous HEO materials in the lithium-ion battery field has not been systematically summarized...

Fruits and vegetables are an important part of our daily diet and contain low-content components that are crucial for our health. Detecting these components accurately is of paramount significance. However, traditional detection methods face challenges such as complex sample processing, slow detection speed, and the need for highly skilled operators. These limitations fail to meet the growing demand for intelligent and rapid detection of low-content components in fruits and vegetables. In recent years, significant progress has been made in intelligent rapid detection technology, particularly in detecting high-content components in fruits and vegetables...

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women, and its pathological change is a relatively slow process. If it can be detected in time and treated properly, it can effectively reduce the incidence rate and mortality rate of cervical cancer, so the early screening of cervical cancer is particularly critical and significant. In this paper, we used Raman spectroscopy technology to collect the tissue sample data of patients with cervicitis, Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion, Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) forms a complex with the HSP90-XAP2-p23 molecular chaperone when the cells are exposed to toxic compounds. Recently, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA) was reported to be an AhR ligand. Here, we investigated the components of the molecular chaperone complex when DHNA binds to AhR. Proteins eluted from the 3-Methylcolanthrene-affinity column were AhR-HSP90-XAP2-p23 complex. The AhR-molecular chaperone complex did not contain p23 in the eluents from the DHNA-affinity column...

Surface Engineering and the effective management of lead iodide (PbI2 ) are pivotal for improving the performance of two-step perovskite solar cells. While significant efforts have been devoted to the conversion process of PbI2 into perovskite and top surface engineering of perovskite layer with remarkable progress, the exploration of residual PbI2 clusters and the hidden bottom surface on perovskite layer have been limited. In this work, we thoroughly investigate the often overlooked PbI2 residual and its detailed impact on device performance...

Healthy sleep of sufficient duration preserves mood and disturbed sleep is a risk factor for a range of psychiatric disorders. As adults commonly experience chronic sleep restriction (SR), an enhanced understanding of the dynamic relationship between sleep and mood is needed, including whether susceptibility to SR-induced mood disturbance differs between sexes. To address these gaps, data from N=221 healthy adults who completed one of two multi-day laboratory studies with identical 9-day SR protocols were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, and its development is affected in various ways by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), as the most important components of the TME, participate in the proliferation and metastasis of BC in several ways. In this study, we aimed to characterize the genes associated with tumor-derived MPCs and determine their effects on BC cells. METHODS: Tumor-derived MPCs and normal breast tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from tissues specimens of patients with BC...

The challenge in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease lies in the lack of disease-modifying therapies that can halt or slow down the progression. Peptide drugs, such as exenatide (Exe), with potential disease-modifying efficacy, have difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to their large molecular weight. Herein, we fabricate multi-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNP) Lpc-BoSA/CSO with BBB targeting, permeability-increasing and responsive release functions. Borneol is chemically bonded with stearic acid and, as one of the components of Lpc-BoSA/CSO, is used to increase BBB permeability...

The question of what the ancient life cycle of tetrapods was like forms a key component in understanding the origin of land vertebrates. The existence of distinct larval forms, as exemplified by many lissamphibians, and their transformation into adults is an important aspect in this field. The temnospondyls, the largest clade of Palaeozoic-Mesozoic non-amniote tetrapods, covered a wide ecomorphological range from fully aquatic to terrestrial taxa. In various species, rich ontogenetic data have accumulated over the past 130 years, permitting the study of early phases of temnospondyl development...

Adamantinoma (AD) is a rare, slow-growing primary malignant bone tumor characterized by a biphasic morphology of clusters of epithelial cells and spindle cell osteofibrous components. A strong relationship between AD and osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) has been proposed, while fibrous dysplasia (FD) has been rarely associated with AD. We present an AD case that was followed and histologically evaluated 3 times over 6 years with different morphological patterns. The tumor in the primary biopsy and after complete resection showed classical features of AD and osteofibrous-like pattern, while the recurrent lesion presented with exclusively spindle cell morphology and was thus diagnosed as FD...

Phase separation of biomolecules can facilitate their spatiotemporally regulated self-assembly within living cells. Due to the selective yet dynamic exchange of biomolecules across condensate interfaces, condensates can function as reactive hubs by concentrating enzymatic components for faster kinetics. The principles governing this dynamic exchange between condensate phases, however, are poorly understood. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of client-sticker interactions on the exchange dynamics of protein molecules across condensate interfaces...

Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components within the liver leads to a pathological condition known as liver fibrosis. Alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune issues, and viral hepatitis cause chronic liver injury. Exploring potential therapeutic targets and understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis are essential for the development of effective interventions. The goal of this comprehensive review is to explain how the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway contributes to the reduction of liver fibrosis...

The fleece traits are important economic traits of goats. With the reduction of sequencing and genotyping cost and the improvement of related technologies, genomic selection for goats has become possible. The research collect pedigree, phenotype and genotype information of 2299 Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (IMCGs) individuals. We estimate fixed effects, and compare the estimates of variance components, heritability and genomic predictive ability of fleece traits in IMCGs when using the pedigree based Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (ABLUP), Genomic BLUP (GBLUP) or single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP)...

Electrophysiological and behavioural correlates of true and false memories were examined in the Deese/Roediger-McDermont (DRM) paradigm. A mass univariate approach for analysing event-related potentials (ERP) in the temporal domain was used to examine the electrophysiological effects associated with this paradigm precisely (point-by-point) and without bias (data-driven). Behaviourally, true and false recognition did not differ, and the predicted DRM effect was observed, as false recognition of critical lures (i...

The rapid advancement of prevailing communication and sensing technologies necessitates cost-effective millimeter-wave arrays equipped with a massive number of phase-shifting cells to perform complicated beamforming tasks. Conventional approaches employing semiconductor switch/varactor components or tunable materials encounter obstacles such as quantization loss, high cost, high complexity, and limited adaptability for realizing large-scale arrays and operating at millimeter-wave frequencies. Here, we report a low-cost, ultrathin, fast-response, and large-scale solution relying on advanced metasurface (i...