critical care nutrition

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the impact and safety of combining maternal voice stimulation with gravity feeding on low-birth-weight preterm infants. The research focuses on key outcomes such as gastric tube indwelling time, feeding transition time, adequate gastrointestinal nutrition time, recovery of birth weight time, length of hospital stay, and oral motor function in preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 150 low birth weight preterm infants meeting inclusion criteria were recruited from the neonatal care unit and randomly assigned to three groups: traditional nasal feeding, gravity feeding with a homemade bracket, and a combined group receiving both gravity feeding and maternal voice stimulation...

Malnutrition in adult intensive care unit patients is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Providing adequate nutritional support to the critically ill adult should be an important goal for the intensivist. This narrative review aims to delineate the role of parenteral nutrition (PN) in meeting nutritional goals. We examined the data regarding the safety and efficacy of PN compared to enteral nutrition. In addition, we describe practical considerations for the use of PN in the ICU including patient nutritional risk stratification, nutrient composition selection for PN, route of PN administration, and biochemical monitoring...

BACKGROUND: Improved life expectancy has increased the prevalence of older adults living with multimorbidities, which likely deteriorates their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Understanding which chronic conditions frequently co-occur can facilitate person-centered care tailored to the needs of individuals with specific multimorbidity profiles. OBJECTIVE: The study objectives were to (1) examine the prevalence of multimorbidity among Korean older adults (ie, those aged 65 years and older), (2) investigate chronic disease patterns using latent class analysis, and (3) assess which chronic disease patterns are more strongly associated with HRQoL...

RATIONALE: According to GOLD, the ratio of FEV1 /FVC is used to confirm airflow obstruction in COPD diagnosis, whereas FEV1 % of predicted (FEV1 %pred) is used for severity grading. STaging of Airflow obstruction by the FEV1 /FVC Ratio (STAR) and its prediction of adverse outcomes has not been evaluated in general populations. OBJECTIVE: To compare the STAR (FEV1 /FVC) versus GOLD (FEV1 %pred) classification for the severity of airflow limitation in terms of exertional breathlessness and mortality in the general US population...

INTRODUCTION: Foundational and clinical science integration, a long-standing goal of undergraduate medical education, benefits learners by promoting retention of critical knowledge and skills as well as their transfer to the clinical setting. We implemented a team-based learning (TBL) module in which foundational knowledge and skills from the disciplines of biochemistry, nutrition, and genetics were leveraged in a simulated patient encounter for diagnosis and management of a patient with dyslipidemia...

Background : Malnutrition is an underdiagnosed condition that negatively affects the clinical outcomes of patients, being associated with an increased risk of adverse events, increased hospital stay, and higher mortality. Therefore, nutritional assessment is a required and necessary process in patient care. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with nutritional risk by applying the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) scale in a population of critically ill patients. Methods : This was an observational, analytical, and retrospective study...

Methionine is an essential amino acid critical for cell growth and survival. Preclinical evidence suggests a methionine restricted diet (MRD) sensitizes cancer to radiation therapy (RT), without significant adverse effects. However, this has never been evaluated in humans. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of concurrent MRD with standard-of-care definitive RT in adults with any non-skin cancer malignancy. The MRD extended from 2 wk before RT initiation, through 2 wk beyond RT completion...

Body composition assessment plays a pivotal role in understanding health, disease risk, and treatment efficacy. This narrative review explores two primary aspects: imaging techniques, namely ultrasound (US) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and mobile health apps in telehealth for body composition. Although US is valuable for assessing subcutaneous fat and muscle thickness, DXA accurately quantifies bone mineral content, fat mass, and lean mass. Despite their effectiveness, accessibility and cost remain barriers to widespread adoption...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Optimal feeding strategy for critically ill patients of intensive care unit (ICU) is often a matter of debate as patients admitted to ICU are highly catabolic and reduction in muscle mass is very common. We aimed at early achievement of nutritional goals in preventing skeletal muscle breakdown and improving clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with high risk of malnutrition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nutrition risk in the critically ill (mNUTRIC) Score was used to identify the risk of malnutrition within 24 hours of admission...

INTRODUCTION: Admission to the intensive care unit severely affects inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This study aimed to determine factors associated with mortality in IBD patients admitted to the intensive care unit. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed, analyzing data of all IBD patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2013 and 2022. Bivariate comparisons and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with mortality...

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BACKGROUND: Older adults with cancer are a growing population requiring tailored care to achieve optimum treatment outcomes. Their care is complicated by under-recognised and under-treated wasting disorders: malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia. We aimed to investigate the prevalence, overlap, and patients' views and experiences of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia, in older adults with cancer. METHODS: Mixed-methods study with cross-sectional study and qualitative interviews...

The management of acute liver failure (ALF) in modern hepatology intensive care units (ICU) has improved patient outcomes. Critical care management of hepatic encephalopathy, cerebral edema, fluid and electrolytes; prevention of infections and organ support are central to improved outcomes of ALF. In particular, the pathogenesis of encephalopathy is multifactorial, with ammonia, elevated intra-cranial pressure and systemic inflammation playing a central role. Although ALF remains associated with high mortality, the availability of supportive care, including organ failure support such as plasma exchange, timely mechanical ventilation or continuous renal replacement therapy, either conservatively manages patients with ALF or offers bridging therapy until liver transplantation...

INTRODUCTION: Lifestyle factors, including inadequate eating patterns, emerge as a critical determinant of chronic disease. Apart from caring for patients, nurses should also take an active role in monitoring and managing their own health. Understanding the intricate relationship between nurses' eating behavior and managing their own health is crucial for fostering a holistic approach to healthcare, therefore our study aimed to evaluate eating behavior and demographic factors influencing chronic disease prevalence in a sample of community nurses from Romania...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients require central venous catheters to maintain adequate hydration, nutritional status, and delivery of life-saving medications in the pediatric intensive care unit. Although central venous catheters provide critical medical therapies, their use increases the risk of severe infection, morbidity, and mortality. Adopting an evidence-based central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) bundle to guide nursing practice can decrease and sustain low CLABSI rates, but reliable and consistent implementation is challenging...

BACKGROUND: The nurturing care framework (NCF) encompasses responsive caregiving, health, nutrition, safety and security by parents and other caregivers. It improves health, development and wellbeing of children. A hospital environment can be detrimental to the developmental and emotional needs of children hence NCF can be applied to hospitalized children. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if (i) play stimulation intervention mediated by non-specialist providers (caregivers) improves mental status of children who are hospitalized; (ii) to examine if difference varies between different providers and iii) if there is variation based on child age and criticalness of illness...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between pressure injury (PI) development and achievement of nutritional goals (protein and caloric), as well as consider the clinical conditions, hospitalisation factors, and risk assessment for PI development in patients who are critically ill and receiving enteral nutrition (EN) in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHOD: An observational cohort study was conducted in the ICU of the University Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil...

Nutritional practice in children with severe sepsis or septic shock remains poorly described. We aimed to describe nutrition received by children with severe sepsis or septic shock and explore the association of nutritional intake with clinical outcomes. This study was a retrospective study of children who required pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission from 2009 to 2016. Outcomes were mortality, ventilator-free days (VFDs), and PICU-free days (IFDs). A total of 74 patients with septic shock or severe sepsis were identified...

Patients with liver cirrhosis constitute a critically ill and unique population, and their stability relies on a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team with a carefully structured plan. Overlooking any aspect of this plan can expedite disease progression, leading to severe complications. The lack of disease-specific nutritional guidance, the prevalent sedentary lifestyle among patients, and insufficient screening for hepatocellular carcinoma, oesophageal varices, sarcopaenia, minimal hepatic encephalopathy, and diabetes mellitus, along with fibrosis progression and cirrhosis decompensation, can add further complexities...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that dietary isoflavones are negatively correlated with total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, few studies have investigated the link between dietary isoflavones and remnant cholesterol (RC). OBJECTIVES: We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database to explore the association between dietary isoflavone intake and RC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 4731 participants aged ≥ 20 years from the 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2017-2018 NHANES databases...