B16 Hacat

OBJECTIVE: Skin-brightening agents prevent melanogenesis and reduce melanin production. However, a lower melanin content leads to weaker protection against sunlight. In this study, we evaluated the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and its commercial-grade product, Lysofix Dry™ (LD), on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in epidermal cells and their anti-skin photoaging effect against ultraviolet B (UVB) and blue light. METHODS: The HSP70 induction was detected using ELISA...

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MEL) are glycolipids mainly produced by pseudo-yeasts. These molecules present remarkable biological activities widely explored in many fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This review presents the main biological activity of MEL on the HL60, K562, B16, PC12, and skin cells. There is strong evidence that MEL changes the levels of glycosphingolipids of HL-60 lineage, which induce differentiation into granulocytic cells. Regarding B16 cells, MEL can trigger both apoptosis (10 μM) and cell differentiation (5 μM), in which the MEL concentration is related to each metabolic pathway...

BACKGROUND: N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) is an amino sugar which can reduce melanin production. NAG has previously been formulated for topical use in many nanocarrier systems, excluding microemulsions (MEs). In this study, NAG was prepared in the form of MEs and assessed in terms of skin permeability, cytotoxicity, and effectiveness for cosmetic applications. AIMS: To investigate the skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti-melanogenesis of N-acetylglucosamine loaded microemulsions (NAG-MEs)...

Hypericin (Hyp) is considered a promising photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), due to its high hydrophobicity, affinity for cell membranes, low toxicity and high photooxidation activity. In this study, Hyp photophysical properties and photodynamic activity against melanoma B16-F10 cells were optimized using DPPC liposomes (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) as a drug delivery system. This nanoparticle is used as a cell membrane biomimetic model and solubilizes hydrophobic drugs. Hyp oxygen singlet lifetime (τ) in DPPC was approximately two-fold larger than that in P-123 micelles (Pluronic™ surfactants), reflecting a more hydrophobic environment provided by the DPPC liposome...

Sanggenol L is one component of root bark of Morus alba. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of sanggenol L effects on melanoma cells are not well known. Recently, melanoma is the most common skin cancer with a high mortality rate not only in United States, but also in East Asia. Therefore, safe and effective treatments for melanoma treatment are required. In this study, we investigated whether or not sanggenol L possesses anti-cancer activity in human and mouse melanoma skin cancer cells. Sanggenol L treatment exerted significant cell growth inhibitory effects and inhibited colony formation capacity against B16, SK-MEL-2, and SK-MEL-28 melanoma skin cancer cells, whereas HaCaT human epithelial keratinocyte cells was unaffected by sanggenol L treatment...

In the context of research for new cytotoxic compounds, obtaining bioactive molecules from renewable sources remain a big challenge. Microorganisms and more specifically Actinobacteria from original sources are well known for their biotechnological potential and are hotspots for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. The strain DP94 studied here had shown an interesting cytotoxic activity of its culture broth (HaCaT: IC50 = 8.0 ± 1.5 μg/mL; B16: IC50 = 4.6 ± 1.8 μg/mL), which could not been explained by the compounds isolated in a previous work...

Coenzyme CoQ10 (CoQ10), a ubiquinone compound, has been reported to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanoma B16F10 cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect is poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-melanogenic activity of CoQ10 (1-2 μM) in UVA (5 J/cm2 )-irradiated keratinocyte HaCaT cells and α-MSH stimulated B16-F10 cells. It was observed that CoQ10 suppressed p53/POMC, α-MSH production as well as inhibited ROS generation in UVA-irradiated keratinocyte HaCaT cells...

OBJECTIVE(S): Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are biologically active plant secondary metabolites capable of mediating various biological effects including modulation of the epigenome. Our aim was to characterize the effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on lysine acetylation and methylation marks as a potential epigenetic-induced anti-melanoma strategy. METHODS: Our malignant melanoma model consisted of (1) human (A375) and murine (B16-F10) malignant melanoma as well as of human; (2) brain (VMM1) and lymph node (Hs 294T) metastatic melanoma; (3) non-melanoma epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and (4) immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells subjected to AITC...

Sunburn causes inflammation, which increases melanin production in skin and causes hyperpigmentation. Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) 2 is an inflammatory mediator induced in sun-exposed skin areas. However, whether ANGPTL2 functions in melanin production remains unclear. To assess this possibility, we overexpressed Angptl2 in the melanoma line B16 and in the keratinocyte line HaCaT. Relative to controls, Angptl2-expressing B16 cells produced higher melanin levels via tyrosinase induction. Accordingly, Angptl2-expressing HaCaT cells secreted relatively high levels of both endothelin-1 (ET-1) and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)...

Two compounds ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) containing tert -butylphenol groups were, for the first time, produced during the culture of Paenibacillus odorifer , a bacterial strain associated with the crustose lichen, Rhizocarpon geographicum . Their entire structures were identified by one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HRESIMS) spectroscopic analyses. Among them, Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against B16 murine melanoma and HaCaT human keratinocyte cell lines with micromolar half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values...

BACKGROUND: Several wild bitter melon (WBM; Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) cultivars were developed in Taiwan. However, little information is available regarding biological function of WBM leaf. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the nutrient content, antioxidant, cell protection and anti-melanogenic properties of wild bitter melon leaf. RESULTS: Methanolic leaf extracts were prepared from a variety and two cultivars of WBM...

Equisetum ramosissimum, a genus of Equisetaceae, is a medicinal plant that can be separated into ethyl acetate (EA), dichloromethane (DM), n-hexane (Hex), methanol (MeOH), and water extracts. EA extract was known to have potent antioxidative properties, reducing power, DPPH scavenging activity, and metal ion chelating activity. This study compared these five extracts in terms of their inhibiting effects on three human malignant melanomas: A375, A375.S2, and A2058. MTT assay presented the notion that both EA and DM extracts inhibited melanoma growth but did not affect the viabilities of normal dermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) or fibroblasts...

MicroRNAs (miRs) have been demonstrated to play critical roles in the development and progression of malignant melanoma (MM). However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of miR-18b in MM growth remains unclear. In the present study, real-time PCR data indicated that miR-18b was significantly downregulated in MM tissues compared to their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Low miR-18b expression was significantly associated with the tumor thickness and stage, although no significant association was observed between the miR-18b expression and the age, gender, or lymph node metastasis...

BlL, a galactose-binding C-type lectin purified from Bothrops leucurus snake venom, exhibits anticancer activity. The current study was designed to elucidate the cellular mechanisms by which BlL induces melanoma cell death. The viabilities of B16-F10 melanoma cells and HaCaT keratinocytes treated with BlL were evaluated. Necrotic and apoptotic cell death, cytosolic Ca(2+) levels, mitochondrial Ca(2+) transport and superoxide levels were assessed in B16-F10 melanoma cells exposed to BlL. We found that treatment with BlL caused dose-dependent necrotic cell death in B16-F10 melanoma cells...

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been implicated in tumor growth via interactions with its receptors (FGFRs) on the cell surface and therefore, bFGF/FGFRs are considered essential targets for cancer therapy. Herein, a consensus heptapeptide (LSPPRYP) was identified for the first time from a phage display heptapeptide library after three sequential rounds of biopanning against FGFR-expressing cells with competitive displacement of phage by bFGF, followed by subtraction of non-specific binding by FGFR-deficient cells...

BACKGROUND: Alpinia oxyphylla is a common remedy in traditional Chinese medicine. Yakuchinone A is a major constituent of A. oxyphylla and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, and gastric protective activities. METHODS: Antioxidant and antitumor characteristics of yakuchinone A in skin cancer cells as well as novel mechanisms for the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, cestocidal activities against Hymenolepis nana adults, and nematocidal activities against Anisakis simplex larvae are investigated...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes, by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry. METHODS: Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes (CCE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins...

Recent progress in understanding the molecular basis of autophagy has demonstrated its importance in several areas of human health. Affordable screening techniques with higher sensitivity and specificity to identify autophagy are, however, needed to move the field forward. In fact, only laborious and/or expensive methodologies such as electron microscopy, dye-staining of autophagic vesicles, and LC3-II immunoblotting or immunoassaying are available for autophagy identification. Aiming to fulfill this technical gap, we describe here the association of three widely used assays to determine cell viability - Crystal Violet staining (CVS), 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiaolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, and neutral red uptake (NRU) - to predict autophagic cell death in vitro...

trans-Caffeic acid stearyl ester (TCASE) from the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa ANDREWS is a traditional medicinal herb that has several beneficial properties. However, the inhibitory effect of TCASE on melanogenesis has not been explored. In the cell viability assay, TCASE did not show a cytotoxic effect at a dose of 65 µM for 48 h in B16, HaCaT and Hs68 cells. TCASE considerably inhibits melanin synthesis, and reduces intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, tyrosinase activity and L-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-alanine (DOPA) oxidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16 cells, and the inhibition efficiency of TCASE exceeds that of ascorbic acid and arbutin...

The diphenyl ether, lobarin (1) (syn. lobariol carboxylic acid) related to lobaric acid was isolated for the first time as a natural product along with five known compounds from Stereocaulon halei, a fruticose lichen collected in Indonesia. The structure of lobarin was elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and its most stable conformers were determined by molecular mechanic dynamic calculations. A marked superoxide anion scavenging was found for compound 1 while no cytotoxicity on the B16 murine melanoma and HaCaT human keratinocyte cell lines was observed...