Bowel Ca

A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer1 . We used the Drosophila midgut2 to investigate this and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic3 neurons triggers Ca2+ currents among intestinal epithelial cells, the enterocytes, to promote return to homeostasis. We found that down-regulation of the conserved cholinergic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase4 in the gut epithelium enables acetylcholine from specific TNF/Egr5 -sensing cholinergic neurons to activate nicotinic receptors in innervated enterocytes...

In numerous subtypes of central and peripheral neurons, small and intermediate conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (SK and IK, respectively) channels are important regulators of neuronal excitability. Transcripts encoding SK channel subunits, as well as the closely related IK subunit, are co-expressed in the soma of colonic afferent neurons with receptors for the algogenic mediators adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and bradykinin, P2X3 and B2 , highlighting the potential utility of these channels as drug targets for the treatment of abdominal pain in gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome...

A fundamental and unresolved question in regenerative biology is how tissues return to homeostasis after injury. Answering this question is essential for understanding the etiology of chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. We used the Drosophila midgut to investigate this question and discovered that during regeneration a subpopulation of cholinergic enteric neurons triggers Ca 2+ currents among enterocytes to promote return of the epithelium to homeostasis. Specifically, we found that down-regulation of the cholinergic enzyme Acetylcholinesterase in the epithelium enables acetylcholine from defined enteric neurons, referred as ARCENs, to activate nicotinic receptors in enterocytes found near ARCEN- innervations...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tofacitinib (TFB) appears to be effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC); however, available real-world studies are limited by cohort size. TFB could be an option in the treatment of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). We aimed to investigate efficacy and safety of TFB in moderate-to-severe colitis and ASUC. METHODS: This retrospective, international cohort study enrolling UC patients with ≥6-week follow-up period was conducted from February 1 to July 31, 2022...

BACKGROUND: To describe the frequency and impact of oral lesions and professional dental care costs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [i.e., Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC)] compared to matched controls. METHODS: IBD patients and matched controls were surveyed on general anamnestic information, eating and drinking habits, and oral health- and dental care related questions; IBD patients were additionally surveyed on oral lesions. Problems related to oral lesions and the amount of money spent for professional dental care in the last 12 months were defined as primary outcome parameters...

Article Title: Impact of Obesity on Risk of Hospitalization, Surgery and Serious Infection in Biologic-treated Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD): A CA-IBD Cohort Study.

In patients with atherosclerotic disease in two of the three main vessels in the splanchnic circulation, symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia may arise, depending on the disease chronicity and the presence of mesenteric collateral pathways. The most commonly described collateral pathways are between the celiac artery (CA), superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA); and between the IMA and the internal iliac artery (IIA). Another collateral network between the deep femoral artery and the IIA can also become important, especially in patients with aorto-iliac occlusion...

This study reports a case of female genital tuberculosis in a 46-year-old woman who presented to emergency department with abdominal pain and progressive abdominal distension. The patient was initially thought to have ovarian cancer based on clinical diagnosis and elevated cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) levels. Intra-operatively, no obvious ovarian tumor was encountered instead; disseminated creamy white patches on the uterus and left adnexa were seen. About 4500-mL straw-colored ascitic fluid and disseminated creamy white patches were also found on the bowels and omentum giving an impression of carcinomatosis...

OBJECTIVE: Primary non-response and secondary loss of response to anti-TNF agents are common in inflammatory bowel disease. Increasing drug concentrations are correlated to better clinical response and remission rates. Combination of granulocyte-monocyte apheresis (GMA) with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents could be an option in these patients. The objective of our study was to perform an in vitro assay to determine if the GMA device can lead to infliximab (IFX) adsorption. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A blood sample was obtained from a healthy control...

BACKGROUND: Mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the pancreas is a rare tumor. We report a case of successful surgical resection of expansively growing MANEC of the pancreas with microsatellite instability (MSI)-high. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was an asymptomatic 65-year-old male. A computed tomography (CT) scan for a follow-up after treatment of pneumonia incidentally revealed a hypoenhancing 12-cm expansively growing tumor in the pancreatic body...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is one of the frequently performed surgical procedures for enteral nutrition, but intussusception a very rare complication with quite challenging clinical outcome. It symbolizes a surgical emergency requiring prompt diagnosis. ABSTRACT: Feeding jejunostomy (FJ) is a minor surgical intervention, which might lead to consequences that are potentially fatal. Mechanical issues such as infection, tube dislocation or migration, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, as well as complaints of gastrointestinal tract, are the most frequent consequences...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) develops through complex interplay of genetic, microbial, immune, and environmental factors. Trace elements alterations are commonly present in IBD and may have influence on IBD development. Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental issues nowadays and IBD incidence is rising in countries where industry starts to develop. Metals are implicated in processes that are connected to IBD pathogenesis. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate toxic and trace element levels in pediatric population of IBD patients both in serum and intestinal mucosa...

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) can be divided according to its acquisition site, health care (HC) or community (CA) associated CDI. Studies showed severe disease, higher recurrence, and mortality among HC-CDI patients, while others reported the opposite. We aimed to compare the outcomes according to the CDI acquisition site. METHODS: The study analyzed medical records and laboratory computerized system data to identify patients (≥18 years old) who were hospitalized with the first CDI from January 2013 to March 2021...

Bile acids (BAs) as cholesterol-derived molecules play an essential role in some physiological processes such as nutrient absorption, glucose homeostasis and regulation of energy expenditure. They are synthesized in the liver as primary BAs such as cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and conjugated forms. A variety of secondary BAs such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) and their derivatives is synthesized in the intestine through the involvement of various microorganisms. In addition to essential physiological functions, BAs and their metabolites are also involved in the differentiation and functions of innate and adaptive immune cells such as macrophages (Macs), dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid derived suppressive cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), Breg cells, T helper (Th)17 cells, CD4 Th1 and Th2 cells, CD8 cells, B cells and NKT cells...

Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) is a rare tumor. We present the case of an 84-year-old lady who presented with episodic emesis with progressive dysphagia to solids and liquids. She also noted a significant weight loss of 31kg over four months. She was reported to have multiple brain masses three months before this admission. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a heterogeneous mass (8cm) in the left retroperitoneum, inseparable from the duodenum. Additional peritoneal nodules and enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes were suspicious for metastases...

UNLABELLED: Ten to fifty percent of women with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer develop malignant bowel obstruction (MBO). We described the management and examined the complications and survival of MBO in primary epithelial tubo-ovarian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective monocentric cohort study of tubo-ovarian cancer patients diagnosed with MBO between January 1st, 2011 until August 31st, 2017 at the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium...

Low-grade serous ovarian cancer (LGSOC) typically responds poorly to standard platinum-based chemotherapy and new therapeutic approaches are needed. We describe a remarkable response to targeted therapy in a patient with platinum-resistant, advanced LGSOC who had failed standard-of-care chemotherapy and two surgeries. The patient was in rapid decline and entering hospice care on home intravenous (i.v.) opioid analgesics and a malignant bowel obstruction requiring a G-tube. Genomic analysis of the patient's tumor did not indicate obvious therapeutic options...

Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterus. It can be defined as endometrioma, superficial peritoneal endometriosis or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) depending on the location and the depth of infiltration of the organs. In 5%-12% of cases, DIE affects the digestive tract, frequently involving the distal part of the sigmoid colon and rectum. Surgery is generally recommended in cases of obstructive symptoms and in cases with pain that is non-responsive to medical treatment...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify the effect of an extended number of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) cycles on prognosis and surgical morbidity after interval debulking surgery (IDS) in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer. METHODS: Medical records of patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with NAC and having undergone IDS were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological factors were compared between two groups: conventional (≤4 cycles) and extended (≥5 cycles) NAC groups...

Ruminococcus gnavus was first identified in 1974 as a strict anaerobe in the gut of healthy individuals, and for several decades, its study has been limited to specific enzymes or bacteriocins. With the advent of metagenomics, R. gnavus has been associated both positively and negatively with an increasing number of intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases from inflammatory bowel diseases to neurological disorders. This prompted renewed interest in understanding the adaptation mechanisms of R. gnavus to the gut, and the molecular mediators affecting its association with health and disease...