Raghad

BACKGROUND: The actual burden of the Omicron variants remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of Omicron-infected patients and investigate factors influencing hospital admission. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included individuals with positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, specifically the Omicron variants (XBB, EG or JN), identified through real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays from January 2022 to December 2023...

Background Thyroid disorders are caused either by excessive or inadequate thyroid hormone production or by the enlargement of the thyroid gland. Various types of thyroid disorders exist, including primary (related directly to the gland itself), secondary (related to thyroid function), and other types. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of thyroid disease manifestation and its risk factors among individuals living in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Methodology An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 adults living in Tabuk city of Saudi Arabia aged 18 years or above...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing people's knowledge and then changing their attitude and practice with the aim of taking care of their eye health are very important. Considering the importance of the mentioned topic, the main goal of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice about eye diseases in the general population of the world in the form of a systematic literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a systematic literature review study, and to do it, a systematic search was conducted in internationally available databases including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar in the time range of 1998 to 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Semaglutide, a Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA), is often prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes, particularly in cases unresponsive to other hypoglycemic agents. Despite its popularity, the real-world efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Semaglutide relative to other treatments remain understudied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the direct medical cost and consequences of adding Semaglutide to the treatment regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia...

BACKGROUND: Class II malocclusions are a common dental issue characterized by the misalignment of the upper and lower teeth. Early orthodontic treatment is often considered to correct these malocclusions, but its long-term effectiveness remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we examined the impact of early orthodontic treatment on the long-term stability of Class II malocclusions. We conducted a retrospective analysis of dental records from a sample of 150 patients who had received early orthodontic treatment for Class II malocclusions...

OBJECTIVE: The chemokine "Fractalkine" (CX3CL1) and its corresponding receptor (CX3CR1), chemokine belonging to the CX3C family, have an essential role in developing several systemic inflammatory disorders. Accordingly, the proliferation, adhesion, and migration of inflammatory cells are all affected by it. In light of this, the present study attempts to address the following questions: (1) Is the salivary level of fractalkine and its receptor associated with periodontitis patients with different severities? (2) Is it possible to distinguish periodontitis from periodontally healthy subjects? METHODS: This study included 30 individuals who had been considered controls, having healthy periodontium, and 90 patients with varying stages of periodontitis...

Preterm birth is the delivery of a live fetus before the 37th week of gestation. Preterm birth may stem from various factors, including premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous preterm labor, or medically induced circumstances. Premature delivery can result in serious and long-lasting difficulties even for infants who survive, as it is the leading cause of death for infants under five years old. Numerous nations have implemented initiatives to detect and track pregnant women who may give birth before their due date...

Background and objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic debilitating metabolic disease caused by insulin deficiency. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially fatal complication characterized by acute hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis. In light of the high prevalence of DM in Saudi Arabia, we sought to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the Saudi general population about DKA. Methods An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed through popular social media platforms among diabetics in the Saudi population...

BACKGROUND: Graves' disease is the autoimmune activation of the thyroid gland causing diffuse enlargement and hyperfunction of the gland. Manifestations of Graves' disease are multisystemic and include thyroid orbitopathy; pretibial myxedema, also referred to as thyroid dermopathy; and thyroid acropachy, described as a severe form of thyroid dermopathy. Our paper focuses on an atypical case of thyroid dermopathy. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old Saudi male presented with a prominent diffuse goiter and exophthalmos...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a rare tumour associated with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and occasionally occurs independently. It typically affects skin, bone, lymph nodes, and rarely the gastrointestinal tract, with gastric cases being extremely rare. Notably, no reported instances associate pseudoachalasia with gastric myeloid sarcoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 20-year-old male presented with severe dysphagia, refractory vomiting, and weight loss...

Introduction  Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common global health problems and the second most common reason for seeking medical advice. However, most LBP does not indicate a serious disorder. Over half of the Saudi Arabian population experiences LBP at least once in their lives. Therefore, it is important to assess and understand how people manage this health problem. This study assessed back pain and spinal disorder knowledge among the general population in Saudi Arabia's western region. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the general population in western Saudi Arabia...

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to qualitatively examine nurses' perception of uncertainty regarding suspected pain in people with dementia (PWD). DESIGN: The study utilized a qualitative descriptive design. PARTICIPANTS: The participants in this study were nurses with a minimum of six months of experience caring for PWD and currently working in a university hospital in Irbid, Jordan. Twenty-five participants were selected using convenience sampling from the selected hospital...

BACKGROUND: The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in high-risk pediatric patients remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to characterize pediatric RSV cases from January 2019 to December 2022 and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV burden and RSV-related outcomes. In addition, examining factors influencing RSV-related hospitalization. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that included pediatric patients (aged 14 and below) who presented at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSHRC) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with RSV infection identified using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays...

Background and objective Depression and anxiety are among the most common mental health conditions globally, and, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), roughly 25% of people worldwide suffer from them. Serious mental diseases can cause a great deal of suffering and incapacity, lowering people's quality of life. Stigma and unfavorable attitudes toward mental illness often discourage people from seeking psychological assistance and achieving recovery from mental problems. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the attitudes of the general population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia, toward seeking psychological help, and to determine the degree to which stigma prevents individuals from seeking help...

BACKGROUND: Physical Therapy profession is known for its demanding physical requirements. This increases the risk of attrition and work-related accidents and disorders that affect physical therapists' quality of life and work performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical activity level and other contributing factors on quality of life of physical therapists. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among practicing physical therapists ( n = 258)...

INTRODUCTION: Episiotomy, despite being one of the most common interventions during childbirth, carries significant risks and uncertain benefits. Previous global studies highlight varying awareness levels and practices, with decreasing episiotomy rates attributed to increased knowledge. This study aims to assess women's knowledge to enhance intrapartum decision-making and communication between patients and obstetricians, ultimately improving maternal outcomes in the region. METHODOLOGY:  The study was a cross-section design...

The flu, often known as influenza, is a dangerous public health hazard for the pediatric population. Immunization is essential for decreasing the burden of the disease and avoiding complications related to influenza. However, the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of different influenza vaccines in children warrant careful evaluation. The purpose of this narrative review is to give a summary of the existing literature on the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of several vaccinations against influenza viruses in children...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about breast cancer and to identify the barriers in screening among Saudi women in the Al-Baha region. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 468 women, to assess their understanding of breast cancer and to explore the obstacles they face in accessing breast cancer screening services. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 468 women from Al Baha, Saudi Arabia, starting from May 17, 2022, to May 17, 2023...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of complicated osteoarticular brucellosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All patients aged more than 14 who have been diagnosed with complicated brucellosis with osteoarticular disease between July 2016 and December 2022 were included. RESULTS: A total of 82 (10.7%) patients met the criteria, with a male predominance of 66 (80...

Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). NEPC is becoming more frequent. It can initially manifest as PNS, complicating diagnosis. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the different PNS associated with NEPC. We systematically reviewed English-language articles from January 2017 to September 2023, identifying 17 studies meeting PRISMA guidelines for NEPC and associated PNS...