keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536871/species-specific-responses-during-seoul-orthohantavirus-infection-in-human-and-rat-lung-microvascular-endothelial-cells
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danny Noack, Mirjam C G N van den Hout, Carmen W E Embregts, Wilfred F J van IJcken, Marion P G Koopmans, Barry Rockx
Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is a rat-borne zoonotic virus that is transmitted via inhalation of aerosolized infectious excreta, and can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans worldwide. In rats, SEOV predominantly exists as a persistent infection in the absence of overt clinical signs. Lack of disease in rats is attributed to downregulation of pro-inflammatory and upregulation of regulatory host responses. As lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs) represent a primary target of infection in both human and rats, infections in these cells provide a unique opportunity to study the central role of LMECs in the dichotomy between pathogenicity in both species...
March 27, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535562/ovine-herpesvirus-2-glycoprotein-b-complementation-restores-infectivity-to-a-bovine-herpesvirus-4-gb-null-mutant
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniela D Moré, Katherine N Baker, Smriti Shringi, Reginaldo G Bastos, Donal O'Toole, Gaetano Donofrio, Cristina W Cunha
Ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) are gamma herpesviruses that belong to the genera Macavirus and Rhadinovirus , respectively. As with all herpesviruses, both OvHV-2 and BoHV-4 express glycoprotein B (gB), which plays an essential role in the infection of host cells. In that context, it has been demonstrated that a BoHV-4 gB-null mutant is unable to infect host cells. In this study, we used homologous recombination to insert OvHV-2 ORF 8, encoding gB, into the BoHV-4 gB-null mutant genome, creating a chimeric BoHV-4 virus carrying and expressing OvHV-2 gB (BoHV-4∆gB/OvHV-2-gB) that was infectious and able to replicate in vitro...
March 1, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534261/is-sars-cov-2-now-more-like-the-seasonal-coronaviruses-following-its-evolution
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gülsüm İclal Bayhan, Işil Altan, Halise Mercan, Aslinur Özkaya Parlakay, Zehra Nihan Coşkun, Bedia Dinç, Belgin Gülhan, Saliha Kanik-Yüksek
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has evolved significantly since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 mortality has decreased due to increased population immunity and possibly the reduced intrinsic severity of the new variants. SARS-CoV-2 is now considered an endemic virus, but the extent to which its clinical findings resemble those of seasonal coronaviruses (sCoV) is not fully understood. METHODS: Pediatric patients under 18 years of age who were sent for SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction between January 1, 2022 and January 14, 2023 and whose results were positive were included in this study...
March 21, 2024: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529536/clinico-epidemiological-presentations-and-management-of-nipah-virus-infection-during-the-outbreak-in-kozhikode-district-kerala-state-india-2023
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anoop Kumar As, Rima R Sahay, Chandni Radhakrishnan, Shihabudheen P, Sathishkumar Kandath, Deepak Y Patil, Anita M Shete, Shamsudheen M, Gayathri Ramakrishnan, Anitha Puduvail Moorkoth, Nivedita Gupta, Pragya D Yadav, Sheela Godbole, Lathika Velichapat Ramakrishnan, Shameer Vadekkandiyil, Danish Ekkalayil, Nithasha V, Anukumar Balakrishnan, Niyas K Pullor, Neelakandhan Asokan, Reena Kalathil Joseph, Priyanka R Nair, Sreejayan Meethale Purayil, Thomas Mathew, Rajaram Kizhakkekandiyil, Jayesh Kumar Poovullathil, Kannan Sabarinath Ps, Ullas Pt, Kalpana George, Asma Rahim, Surendra Kumar, Siba S, Sreelekshmy Mohandas, Lekshmi S Rajan, Shamin Punnath Ramachandran, Seethu Ponnu Thampi, Ashadevi, Thekkumkara Surendran Anish, Priya Chandran, Anuja Mohan, Bindu Vadakkayil, Shaji Cheriya Koroth, Nimin Hafeez, Rajasi Ranjini Sasi, Minu Abraham
India experienced its sixth Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in September 2023 in the Kozhikode district of Kerala state. The NiV is primarily transmitted by spillover events from infected bats followed by human-to-human transmission. The clinical specimens were screened using real-time RT-PCR, and positive specimens were further characterized using next-generation sequencing. We describe here an in-depth clinical presentation and management of NiV-confirmed cases and outbreak containment activities. The current outbreak reported a total of six cases with two deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 33...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529285/exploring-type-i-interferon-pathway-virulent-vs-attenuated-strain-of-african-swine-fever-virus-revealing-a-novel-function-carried-by-mgf505-4r
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juliette Dupré, Mireille Le Dimna, Evelyne Hutet, Pascal Dujardin, Aurore Fablet, Aurélien Leroy, Isabelle Fleurot, Grégory Karadjian, Ferdinand Roesch, Ignacio Caballero, Olivier Bourry, Damien Vitour, Marie-Frédérique Le Potier, Grégory Caignard
African swine fever virus represents a significant reemerging threat to livestock populations, as its incidence and geographic distribution have surged over the past decade in Europe, Asia, and Caribbean, resulting in substantial socio-economic burdens and adverse effects on animal health and welfare. In a previous report, we described the protective properties of our newly thermo-attenuated strain (ASFV-989) in pigs against an experimental infection of its parental Georgia 2007/1 virulent strain. In this new study, our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the attenuation of ASFV-989...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523906/case-report-neglected-subacute-thyroiditis-a-case-following-covid-19-vaccination
#6
Shuai Yang, Ting Guan, HuanYi Yang, YiRong Hu, Yan Zhao
We report a case of overlooked Subacute Thyroiditis (SAT) potentially induced by the administration of a COVID-19 vaccine. This case prompted a thorough review of the existing literature to elucidate possible mechanisms by which immune responses to the COVID-19 vaccine might precipitate thyroid damage. The primary objective is to enhance the clinical understanding and awareness of SAT among healthcare professionals. Subacute thyroiditis is a prevalent form of self-limiting thyroid disorder characterized by fever, neck pain or tenderness, and palpitations subsequent to viral infection...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522519/minor-electrostatic-changes-robustly-increase-vp40-membrane-binding-assembly-and-budding-of-ebola-virus-matrix-protein-derived-virus-like-particles
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Balindile B Motsa, Tej Sharma, Michael Ciofi, Prem P Chapagain, Robert V Stahelin
Ebola virus (EBOV) is a filamentous negative-sense RNA virus which causes severe hemorrhagic fever. There are limited vaccines or therapeutics for prevention and treatment of EBOV, so it is important to get a detailed understanding of the virus lifecycle to illuminate new drug targets. EBOV encodes for the matrix protein, VP40, which regulates assembly and budding of new virions from the inner leaflet of the host cell plasma membrane (PM). In this work we determine the effects of VP40 mutations altering electrostatics on PM interactions and subsequent budding...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521505/discovery-of-a-potent-inhibitor-d-132-targeting-asfvpolx-via-protein-dna-complex-guided-pharmacophore-screening-and-in-vitro-molecular-characterizations
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi-Chen Wu, Hui-Xiang Lai, Ji-Min Li, Kit-Man Fung, Tien-Sheng Tseng
The heightened transmissibility and capacity of African swine fever virus (ASFV) induce fatal diseases in domestic pigs and wild boars, posing significant economic repercussions and global threats. Despite extensive research efforts, the development of potent vaccines or treatments for ASFV remains a persistent challenge. Recently, inhibiting the AsfvPolX, a key DNA repair enzyme, emerges as a feasible strategy to disrupt viral replication and control ASFV infections. In this study, a comprehensive approach involving pharmacophore-based inhibitor screening, coupled with biochemical and biophysical analyses, were implemented to identify, characterize, and validate potential inhibitors targeting AsfvPolX...
March 21, 2024: Virus Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521450/vaccine-derived-yellow-fever-in-an-immunocompromised-patient-on-anti-cd20-antibody-therapy-and-its-treatment-with-sofosbuvir
#9
Tobias Weirauch, Gerrit Burger, Dániel Cadar, Martin Gabriel, Julia Koepsell, Gundolf Schüttfort, Philipp de Leuw, Markus Bickel, Maria J G T Vehreschild, Timo Wolf, Nils Wetzstein
Yellow fever (YF) is a potentially lethal viral hemorrhagic fever that can be prevented with the 17D live attenuated YF vaccine. However, this vaccination can cause severe adverse reactions including vaccine-associated YF. Here, we describe the case of a 32-year-old female who was permanently immunosuppressed with an anti-CD20 antibody due to multiple sclerosis. Following YF vaccination, the patient developed, a variety of symptoms such as febrile temperatures, muscle and joint pain, headaches, and dysuria...
March 21, 2024: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518631/exosomes-secreted-by-csfv-infected-cells-evade-neutralizing-antibody-to-activate-innate-immune-responses-and-establish-productive-infection-in-recipient-cells
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xi Bao, Tenghan Zhuang, Yue Xu, Li Chen, Lei Feng, Huochun Yao
Exosomes, which are small membrane-enclosed vesicles, are actively released into the extracellular space by a variety of cells. Growing evidence indicates that exosomes derived from virus-infected cells can selectively encapsulate viral proteins, genetic materials, or even entire virions. This enables them to mediate cell-to-cell communication and facilitate virus transmission. Classical swine fever (CSF) is a disease listed by the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) Terrestrial Animal Health Code and must be reported to the organisation...
March 18, 2024: Veterinary Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514916/porcine-low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-plays-an-important-role-in-classical-swine-fever-virus-infection
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena Leveringhaus, Robin Poljakovic, Gina Herrmann, Gleyder Roman-Sosa, Paul Becher, Alexander Postel
Several cellular factors have been reported to be required for replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae . However, many steps of its replication cycle are still poorly understood. The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is involved in cell entry and post-entry processes of different viruses including other members of the Flaviviridae . In this study, the relevance of LDLR in replication of CSFV and another porcine pestivirus, Bungowannah pestivirus (BuPV), was investigated by antibody-mediated blocking of LDLR and genetically engineered porcine cell lines providing altered LDLR expression levels...
December 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512999/an-lir-motif-in-the-rift-valley-fever-virus-nss-protein-is-critical-for-the-interaction-with-lc3-family-members-and-inhibition-of-autophagy
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kaylee Petraccione, Mohamed G H Ali, Normand Cyr, Haytham M Wahba, Timothy Stocker, Maryna Akhrymuk, Ivan Akhrymuk, Lauren Panny, Nicole Bracci, Raphaël Cafaro, Danuta Sastre, Andrew Silberfarb, Paul O'Maille, James Omichinski, Kylene Kehn-Hall
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a viral zoonosis that causes severe disease in ruminants and humans. The nonstructural small (NSs) protein is the primary virulence factor of RVFV that suppresses the host's antiviral innate immune response. Bioinformatic analysis and AlphaFold structural modeling identified four putative LC3-interacting regions (LIR) motifs (NSs 1-4) in the RVFV NSs protein, which suggest that NSs interacts with the host LC3-family proteins. Using, isothermal titration calorimetry, X-ray crystallography, co-immunoprecipitation, and co-localization experiments, the C-terminal LIR motif (NSs4) was confirmed to interact with all six human LC3 proteins...
March 21, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512960/covid-19-in-non-hospitalised-adults-caused-by-either-sars-cov-2-sub-variants-omicron-ba-1-ba-2-ba-4-5-or-delta-associates-with-similar-illness-duration-symptom-severity-and-viral-kinetics-irrespective-of-vaccination-history
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hermaleigh Townsley, Joshua Gahir, Timothy W Russell, David Greenwood, Edward J Carr, Matala Dyke, Lorin Adams, Murad Miah, Bobbi Clayton, Callie Smith, Mauro Miranda, Harriet V Mears, Chris Bailey, James R M Black, Ashley S Fowler, Margaret Crawford, Katalin Wilkinson, Matthew Hutchinson, Ruth Harvey, Nicola O'Reilly, Gavin Kelly, Robert Goldstone, Rupert Beale, Padmasayee Papineni, Tumena Corrah, Richard Gilson, Simon Caidan, Jerome Nicod, Steve Gamblin, George Kassiotis, Vincenzo Libri, Bryan Williams, Sonia Gandhi, Adam J Kucharski, Charles Swanton, David L V Bauer, Emma C Wall
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron rapidly evolved over 2022, causing three waves of infection due to sub-variants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5. We sought to characterise symptoms and viral loads over the course of COVID-19 infection with these sub-variants in otherwise-healthy, vaccinated, non-hospitalised adults, and compared data to infections with the preceding Delta variant of concern (VOC). METHODS: In a prospective, observational cohort study, healthy vaccinated UK adults who reported a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or lateral flow test, self-swabbed on alternate weekdays until day 10...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511956/isolation-and-pathogenicity-comparison-of-two-novel-natural-recombinant-porcine-reproductive-and-respiratory-syndrome-viruses-with-different-recombination-patterns-in-southwest-china
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingzhou Huang, Lishuang Deng, Tong Xu, Zhijie Jian, Siyuan Lai, Yanru Ai, Zhiwen Xu, Ling Zhu
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes significant economic losses in the swine industry. Frequent mutations and recombinations account for PRRSV immune evasion and the emergence of novel strains. In this study, we isolated and characterized two novel PRRSV-2 strains from Southwest China exhibiting distinct recombination patterns. They were designated SCABTC-202305 and SCABTC-202309. Phylogenetic results indicated that SCABTC-202305 was classified as lineage 8, and SCABTC-202309 was classified as lineage 1...
March 21, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511952/evaluation-of-humoral-immune-response-after-yellow-fever-infection-an-observational-study-on-patients-from-the-2017-2018-sylvatic-outbreak-in-brazil
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreza Parreiras Gonçalves, Letícia Trindade Almeida, Izabela Maurício de Rezende, Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico, Leonardo Soares Pereira, Dario Brock Ramalho, Marcelo Antônio Pascoal Xavier, Carlos Eduardo Calzavara Silva, Thomas P Monath, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Betania Paiva Drumond, Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Pedro Augusto Alves
Between 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced major sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks that caused hundreds of casualties, with Minas Gerais (MG) being the most affected state. These outbreaks provided a unique opportunity to assess the immune response triggered by the wild-type (WT) yellow fever virus (YFV) in humans. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is currently the standard method to assess the humoral immune response to YFV by measuring neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). The present study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of patients from the 2017-2018 sylvatic YF outbreak in MG with different disease outcomes by using PRNTs with a WT YFV strain, isolated from the 2017-2018 outbreak, and a vaccine YFV strain...
March 21, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511535/epidemiological-characteristics-of-epstein-barr-virus-infection-in-children-and-distribution-of-disease-spectrum-in-hospitalized-patients-in-shandong-province
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dan Wu, Juan Wang, Qian Zeng, Ling Wang, Xin Lv
This study aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children and the distribution of disease spectrum in hospitalized patients in Shandong Province. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of children with EBV infection admitted to hospitals in Shandong Province from January 2022 to December 2022. The epidemiological characteristics, including age, gender, and clinical manifestations, were analyzed. The detection rate of EBV antibodies and the seropositivity rates of different antibodies were also examined...
March 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510353/knowledge-attitude-and-practices-toward-dengue-fever-among-the-public-a-cross-sectional-study-in-the-western-region-of-saudi-arabia
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Munerah Hamed
BACKGROUND: Dengue fever (DF) is a primary viral disease transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, imposing a significant economic and health burden in numerous regions globally. There is a lack of studies addressing the importance of health education regarding DF in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess predictors influencing knowledge, attitude, and practices of the Western region public in Saudi Arabia related to DF. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online self-administered questionnaire collected from July 2023 until August 2023, included 695 participants from the Western region residents aged ≥18 years...
2024: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509462/predictors-of-severity-and-prolonged-hospital-stay-of-viral-acute-respiratory-infections-ari-among-children-under-five-years-in-burkina-faso-2016-2019
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdoul Kader Ilboudo, Assana Cissé, Jennifer Milucky, Dieudonné Tialla, Sara A Mirza, Alpha Oumar Diallo, Brice W Bicaba, Kondombo Jean Charlemagne, Potiandi Serge Diagbouga, Daniel Owusu, Jessica L Waller, Ndahwouh Talla-Nzussouo, Myrna D Charles, Cynthia G Whitney, Zekiba Tarnagda
BACKGROUND: Viruses are the leading etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. However, there is limited knowledge on drivers of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases involving viruses. We aimed to identify factors associated with severity and prolonged hospitalization of viral SARI among children < 5 years in Burkina Faso. METHODS: Data were collected from four SARI sentinel surveillance sites during October 2016 through April 2019...
March 20, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509227/viral-infections-in-pregnancy-and-impact-on-offspring-neurodevelopment-mechanisms-and-lessons-learned
#19
REVIEW
Emma F Yates, Sarah B Mulkey
Pregnant individuals with viral illness may experience significant morbidity and have higher rates of pregnancy and neonatal complications. With the growing number of viral infections and new viral pandemics, it is important to examine the effects of infection during pregnancy on both the gestational parent and the offspring. Febrile illness and inflammation during pregnancy are correlated with risk for autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and developmental delay in the offspring in human and animal models...
March 20, 2024: Pediatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38506509/restoration-of-virulence-in-the-attenuated-candid-1-vaccine-virus-requires-reversion-at-both-positions-168-and-427-in-the-envelope-glycoprotein-gpc
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jack H Nunberg, Jonna B Westover, Joanne York, Kie Hoon Jung, Kevin W Bailey, Kirsten M Boardman, Minghao Li, Rachel S Furnell, Samantha R Wasson, Justin S Murray, Rakesh Kaundal, Aaron J Thomas, Brian B Gowen
Live-attenuated virus vaccines provide long-lived protection against viral disease but carry inherent risks of residual pathogenicity and genetic reversion. The live-attenuated Candid#1 vaccine was developed to protect Argentines against lethal infection by the Argentine hemorrhagic fever arenavirus, Junín virus. Despite its safety and efficacy in Phase III clinical study, the vaccine is not licensed in the US, in part due to concerns regarding the genetic stability of attenuation. Previous studies had identified a single F427I mutation in the transmembrane domain of the Candid#1 envelope glycoprotein GPC as the key determinant of attenuation, as well as the propensity of this mutation to revert upon passage in cell culture and neonatal mice...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Virology
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