Non-nutritive sucking

Humans, especially infants, are exposed to harmful substances through various means, including non-nutritive sucking behaviors. Here, we compared the "one-compartment model" and the "three-compartment model" within the "suck model" to assess the oral bioaccessibility of heavy metals in various products and evaluated whether these models can be employed to assess 12 heavy metals present in consumer products. Several certified reference materials, including plastic, paint, glass, and metals, were employed to ensure sample homogeneity...

Hot-iron disbudding, the practice of cauterizing horn bud tissue to prevent horn growth in dairy calves, results in behavioral changes indicative of pain in the first few days after the procedure. However, few studies have quantified behavioral changes in the following weeks, while the burn wounds are still healing. Female Holstein calves were disbudded with a heated iron and pain relief (5.5 mL lidocaine cornual nerve block and 1 mg/kg oral meloxicam) at 4 to 10 d of age (n = 19) or not disbudded (n = 19)...

The aim of this study was to examine associations between parent reports of bottle-feeding behaviors and infant non-nutritive suck (NNS) on a pacifier as well as oral feeding skills during bottle-feeding. A prospective study was conducted. Full-term infants with no prior diagnosed feeding disorders were recruited at 3-months. Parents reported their infant's bottle-feeding behaviors using the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Bottle-Feeding (NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding), consisting of five domains: Infant Regulation, Energy and Physiologic Stability, Gastrointestinal Tract Function, Sensory Responsiveness, and Compelling Symptoms of Problematic Feeding...

The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the literature assessing the effects of milk feeding practices on behavior, health, and performance on dairy calves. Peer-reviewed, published articles, written in English, directly comparing the effects of milk allowance, milk feeding methods, or milk feeding frequency on dairy calves were eligible for inclusion. Outcome measures could include sucking behavior, sucking on a teat (nutritive sucking, non-nutritive sucking on a teat), abnormal sucking behavior (non-nutritive sucking on pen fixtures, other oral behaviors, or cross-sucking), signs of hunger (vocalizations or unrewarded visits at the milk feeder), activity (lying time or locomotor play), feeding behavior (milk intake, starter intake, milk meal duration, or starter meal duration), growth (body weight or average daily gain), and health (occurrence of diarrhea, respiratory disease, or mortality)...

BACKGROUND: Preterm infants (< 37 weeks' post-menstrual age (PMA)) are often delayed in attaining oral feeding. Normal oral feeding is suggested as an important outcome for the timing of discharge from the hospital and can be an early indicator of neuromotor integrity and developmental outcomes. A range of oral stimulation interventions may help infants to develop sucking and oromotor co-ordination, promoting earlier oral feeding and earlier hospital discharge. This is an update of our 2016 review...

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence of the long-term implications of unrelieved pain during infancy, it is evident that infant pain is still under-managed and unmanaged. Inadequately managed pain in infancy, a period of exponential development, can have implications across the lifespan. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic review of pain management strategies is integral to appropriate infant pain management. This is an update of a previously published review update in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2015, Issue 12) of the same title...

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive analysis of the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on COPD in a real-world setting is required due to safety concerns regarding ICS in COPD. This study aimed to explore the impact of ICS on the prognosis of Asian COPD patients in the real-life world. METHODS: We examined 978 COPD patients registered in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database and with their data linked to Health Insurance and Review Assessment (HIRA) data...

INTRODUCTION: In 85% of orthodontic patients, lingual dyspraxias are present and may justify orofacial myofunctional rehabilitation because of their morphogenetic potential. The objective of this literature review is to search for scientific arguments corroborating or not the relationships between dysmorphias and the static, dynamic labio-lingual-jugal balance during functions and parafunctions. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A review of the literature was carried out by keywords on PubMed...

BACKGROUND: In most areas of China, mothers typically do not participate in early care of preterm infants in NICU. This study aims to examine the early experience of mothers of preterm infants participating in skin-to-skin contact combined with non-nutritive comfort sucking in China. METHODS: This qualitative research study used one-on-one, face-to-face, semi-structured in-depth interviews. Eighteen mothers who participated in early skin-to-skin contact combined with non-nutritive comfort sucking were interviewed in the NICU of a tertiary children's hospital in Shanghai between July and December 2020...

Trypanosoma cruzi is a digenetic unicellular parasite that alternates between a blood-sucking insect and a mammalian, host causing Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis. In the insect gut, the parasite differentiates from the non-replicative trypomastigote forms that arrive upon blood ingestion to the non-infective replicative epimastigote forms. Epimastigotes develop into infective non-replicative metacyclic trypomastigotes in the rectum and are delivered via the feces. In addition to these parasite stages, transitional forms have been reported...

BACKGROUND: Non-nutritive sucking habits likely may cause occlusal changes such as anterior open bite (AOB) if they persist over extended time. OBJECTIVES: To assess if there is self-correction of AOB after cessation of non-nutritive sucking habits in children older than 4 years old, through a systematic review. SEARCH METHODS: Data sources included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS) databases, gray literature as Google Scholar, the database System for Information on Gray Literature in Europe (OpenGrey) and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Database, also hand searches of the included studies references...

INTRODUCTION: This study prospectively investigated the pain response and physiological parameters [heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 )] during sequential casting in bilateral clubfoot. Additionally, it explored the role of non-nutritive sucking and human care contact on the observed responses during casting. METHODS: Subjects were allotted to control group (Group A with no intervention) and two intervention groups (Group B: non-nutritive sucking intervention, Group C: human care contact intervention)...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) places preterm infants at significant risk for blindness. Angiogenesis of retinal blood vessels relies on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) released in response to physiologic in utero hypoxia. Relative hyperoxia and disruption in the supply of growth factors after preterm birth lead to cessation of normal vascular growth. Recovery of VEGF production after 32 weeks' postmenstrual age results in aberrant vascular growth, including the formation of fibrous scars with the potential to detach the retina...

(1) Background: The current evidence on management of infants under six months (u6m) with growth faltering is limited and of low quality. This review aimed at updating an existing review to inform the WHO guideline update on prevention and management of growth faltering in infants u6m. The objective is to synthesise evidence on interventions to manage breastfeeding difficulties in mothers or caregivers of infants u6m with growth faltering to improve breastfeeding practices and breastmilk intake. (2) Methods: We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library from December 2018 to December 2021 for experimental studies...

In neonatology, neonates have traditionally been considered incapable of feeling pain, due to the immaturity of their nervous system. Currently, there is sufficient information on the perception of pain in neonates; however, this treatment at this crucial stage for development requires a better approach. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of non-pharmacological analgesia interventions during heel prick, and to assess their effects on heart rate (HR), premature infant pain profile (PIPP) and O2 saturation...

Purpose: To evaluate breastfeeding outcomes in preterm infants born during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design: An observational cohort study of 33 infants born ≤34 weeks' gestation was conducted. Sample: The study sample consisted of 33 infants divided into 2 groups: infants born during the Covid-19 pandemic (Covid group, n = 11) and those born prior to the pandemic (pre-Covid group, n = 22). Main Outcome Variable: Breastfeeding at hospital discharge. Results: Fewer infants in the Covid group received breastfeeds at full oral feed ( p = ...

Infant breastfeeding diagnostics remain subjective due to the absence of instrumentation to objectively measure and understand infant oral motor skills and suckling characteristics. Qualitative diagnostic exams, such as the digital suck assessment which relies upon a clinician's gloved finger inserted into the infant's mouth, produce a diversity of diagnoses and intervention pathways due to their subjective nature. In this paper, we report on the design of a non-nutritive suckling (NNS) system which quantifies and analyzes quantitative intraoral vacuum and sucking patterns of full-term neonates in real time...

PURPOSE: This study aimed at exploring the pain and physiological responses exhibited during Ponseti manipulation and casting in clubfoot infants. In addition, we compared the efficacy of 2 nonpharmaceutical techniques (non-nutritive sucking and human care contact) for tackling these responses. METHODS: The study included children with unilateral and bilateral idiopathic clubfeet between 15 days to 6 months of age. For comparisons, children were divided into control group without any intervention (group A), non-nutritive sucking group (group B), and human care contact group (group C)...

PURPOSE: To describe the evolution of swallowing and feeding abilities of neonates with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) during hospitalisation. METHOD: A longitudinal cohort study was used. Twenty-nine participants (median age 39.0 weeks [IQR = 2.0 weeks]) with mild ( n  = 7), moderate ( n  = 19) and severe ( n  = 3) HIE were included. Clinical swallowing and feeding assessments were conducted at introduction of oral feeds and at discharge using the Neonatal Feeding Assessment Scale (NFAS)...

BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is very important for the proper nutrition and growth of the child, as well as, the health of the mother. To start breastfeeding, the neonate must have extensive oral capacities for sucking functions but, premature neonates may not have the muscle strength needed to suck successfully. However, the non-nutritive sucking achieved by using a pacifier, has been identified by previous research as a factor associated with shorter duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding...