Hispanics

Considerable research has linked relative reduction in the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during cognitive task performance (i.e., Target-P3) with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. A separate literature indicates that a relative increase in the amplitude of the P3 elicited by cues signaling alcohol availability (i.e., ACR-P3) also is associated with alcohol use and problems. To date, no research has integrated these seemingly discrepant findings. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that P3 amplitudes elicited in different task contexts reflect distinct domains of functioning relevant to problematic alcohol involvement (PAI), and therefore can inform heterogeneity in the etiology of PAI...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) and Bayesian Improved First Name Surname Geocoding (BIFSG) in estimating race and ethnicity, and how they influence odds ratios for preterm birth. METHODS: We analyzed hospital birth admission electronic health records (EHR) data (N=9,985). We created two simulation sets with 40% of race and ethnicity data missing randomly or more likely for non-Hispanic black birthing people who had preterm birth...

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with overtreatment of presumed urinary tract infection (UTI) among children with spina bifida using such criteria. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of children with spina bifida (age < 21 years) evaluated in the Emergency Department (ED) at a single institution was performed. Patients with a urinalysis (UA) performed who were reliant on assisted bladder emptying were included. The primary outcome was overtreatment, defined as receiving antibiotics for presumed UTI but ultimately not meeting spina bifida UTI criteria (≥ 2 urologic symptoms plus pyuria and urine culture growing >100k CFU/mL)...

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) prevention encompasses interventions across the lifecourse: from primordial to primary and secondary prevention. Primordial prevention begins in childhood and involves the promotion of ideal CV health (CVH) via optimizing physical activity, body mass index, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and sleep while minimizing tobacco use. Primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD thereafter centers around mitigating ASCVD risk factors via medical therapy and lifestyle interventions...

A new observational measure of a culturally salient, supportive African American parenting style, Active Direction, was developed. Ratings were compared to standard qualitative ratings and across two ethnic groups. Active Direction represents the provision of structure to interactions in the form of corrective direction with clear and concise feedback that is assessed for supportiveness rather than simple content or tone. The 7-point rating item was examined in observations of African American (n = 172) and Hispanic American (n = 196) mother-child interactions collected at age 2...

Introduction . While racial NIH funding disparities have been identified, little is known about the link between community demographics of institutions and NIH funding. We sought to evaluate the association between institution zip code characteristics and NIH funding. Methods . We linked the 2011-2021 NIH RePORTER database to Census data. We calculated the funding to each institution and stratified institutions into funding quartiles. We defined out independent variables as institution ZIP code level race/ethnicity (White, Black, and Hispanic), and socioeconomic status (household income, high school graduation rate, and unemployment rate)...

OBJECTIVE: Examine racial/ethnic disparities in 30-day readmission and frequent hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries with dementia in traditional Medicare (TM) vs. Medicare Advantage (MA). METHOD: In this case-control study, we used 2018-2019 TM and MA claims data. Participants included individuals 65+ with two years of continuous enrollment, diagnosis of dementia, a minimum of four office visits in 2018, and at least one hospitalization in 2019, [cases: TM (n=36,656); controls: MA (n=29,366)]...

Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive form of brain cancer, has a higher incidence in non-Hispanics when compared to the US Hispanic population. Using data from RT-PCR analysis of 21 GBM tissue from Hispanic patients in Puerto Rico, we identified significant correlations in the gene expression of focal adhesion kinase and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PTK2 and PTK2B) with NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor B), EGFR (epithelial growth factor receptor), and CXCR1 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1)...

Background: Socio-economic status, living environments, and race have been implicated in the development of different congenital abnormalities. As orofacial clefting is the most common anomaly affecting the face, an understanding of its prevalence in the United States and its relationship with different determinants of health is paramount. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the modern prevalence of oral-facial clefting in the United States and its association with different social determinants of health...

Significant health disparities exist in relation to pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 . This study aimed to better understand the barriers and facilitators to BRCA1/2 genetic testing and intrafamilial communication of risk in racially and ethnically diverse individuals. We conducted qualitative interviews with non-Hispanic White ( n = 11) and Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) individuals ( n = 14) who underwent testing for pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants. We employed template analysis, case study analysis, and comparative case study analysis to examine healthcare experiences related to genetic testing as well as intrafamilial communication of risk...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent female cancer worldwide with known correlations between the race and tumor characteristics of the patients and prognosis. International and US-based studies, however, have reported a disproportionate representation of Black and Hispanic patients in clinical trials. This is the first study assessing race and ethnicity reporting trends and inclusion in European breast cancer trials. The PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for trials on breast cancer treatment conducted exclusively in Europe between 2010 and 2022...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetic patients are often comorbid with dyslipidemia, however, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the adult diabetic population remains to be fully elucidated.The aim of this study is to evaluate the associations between HDL-C and DR in the United States adults with diabetes. METHODS: A total of 1708 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008 were enrolled in the present study...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The impact of trace elements and heavy metals on human health has attracted widespread attention. However, the correlation between urinary chromium concentrations and blood pressure remains unclear and inadequately reported, and the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between urinary chromium concentrations and blood pressure in adults in the United States (US). METHODS: We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 for this study...

BACKGROUND: Prior literature has reported inferior surgical outcomes and reduced access to minimally invasive procedures at safety-net hospitals. However, this relationship has not yet been elucidated for elective colectomy. We sought to characterize the association between safety-net hospitals and likelihood of minimally invasive resection, perioperative outcomes, and costs. METHODS: All adult (≥18 years) hospitalization records entailing elective colectomy were identified in the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample...

BACKGROUND: Rising admission rates of Hispanic/Latinx families to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have increased the number of non-English-speaking individuals who may wish to participate in research studies. However, a lack of appropriately translated research study materials may limit the opportunity for these families to be involved in research that could impact the care that infants and families receive in the NICU. PURPOSE: The primary purpose was to pilot test study materials that were transcreated from English to Spanish with the assistance of a bilingual community advisory board with Spanish-speaking parents of NICU infants...

OBJECTIVES: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality which disproportionately impacts underserved populations. This study seeks to provide data regarding the rates and outcomes of amputation in patients admitted with DFU in our health system which cares for an ethnically diverse and underserved population. METHODS: This retrospective study examined the electronic medical records of adult patients hospitalized with DFU at three hospitals in our health system between 06/01/2016 and 05/31/2021...

BACKGROUND: Per- and poly-fluorinated compounds (PFAS) and heavy metals constitute two classes of environmental exposures with known immunotoxicant effects. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure to heavy metals and PFAS on COVID-19 severity. We hypothesized that elevated plasma-PFAS concentrations and urinary heavy metal concentrations would be associated with increased odds of ICU admission in COVID-19 hospitalized individuals. METHODS: Using the University of Southern California Clinical Translational Sciences Institute (SC-CTSI) biorepository of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, urinary concentrations of 15 heavy metals and urinary creatinine were measured in n=101 patients and plasma concentrations of 13 PFAS were measured in n=126 patients...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: In patients with cirrhosis, continued heavy alcohol consumption and obesity may increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined whether germline susceptibility to hepatic steatosis not only independently predisposes to HCC but may also act synergistically with other risk factors. METHODS: We analyzed data from 1911 patients in two multicenter prospective cohort studies in the U.S. We classified patients according to alcohol consumption (current heavy vs...

OBJECTIVES: Qualitatively assess experiences of occupational pregnancy discrimination. METHODS: A fully remote phenomenological qualitative study was completed leveraging semi-structured interviews with a sample of pregnant employees in the US. Inclusion criteria included being pregnant, working at least 35 hours/week, employed at least one year at current employer, and without diagnosed depression/anxiety. RESULTS: Participants (N = 20) were on average 30 years of age, worked 42...

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of >10 million person-years of observation from members of Kaiser Permanente Southern California, 2011-2022. The electronic health record of individuals with text-string mention of NMDA and encephalitis were reviewed to identify persons who met diagnostic criteria for anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Age-standardized and sex-standardized incidences stratified by race and ethnicity were estimated according to the 2020 US Census population...