Azospermia

Sirolimus is an immunosupressor of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTOR-I) group. Recent studies have emphasized a potential impact of sirolimus on male gonadal function. We report our clinical experience with sirolimus-induced gonadal dysfunction and infertility in both male and female kidney transplant patients. Of the 170 kidney transplant patients, nine (5.3%) patients (six males and three females) were receiving sirolimus. Follow-up data for two male patients were not available. The one unmarried female patient developed amenorrhea post-transplantation and had resumption of her menstrual cycles after discontinuation of sirolimus...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is very common throughout the world, and has become more of a pediatric clinical concern given the high incidence of congenital CMV infections as well as the increasing numbers of immunocompromised patients. Because of this, the need for antiviral therapies in infants and neonates is growing. Currently, there are four antivirals available that are active against CMV: ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir. At this time, none have approved indications for use in children...

Fertility status may predict later mortality, but no studies have examined the effect of semen quality on subsequent mortality. Men referred to the Copenhagen Sperm Analysis Laboratory by general practitioners and urologists from 1963 to 2001 were, through a unique personal identification number, linked to the Danish central registers that hold information on all cases of cancer, causes of death, and number of children in the Danish population. The men were followed until December 31, 2001, death, or censoring, whichever occurred first, and the total mortality and cause-specific mortality of the cohort were compared with those of all age-standardized Danish men or according to semen characteristics...

OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of knowledge about long-term outcome issues in the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). Adult male BEEC patients were investigated in respect of bladder and renal function, fertility, genital function and psychosocial facts. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 17 adult male BEEC patients (mean age 23.4 years) from a single centre were evaluated with a questionnaire, renal and bladder ultrasound, blood tests, hormonal profile and semen analysis...

The aim of this study was to analyze the semen variables and hormone profiles in kidney transplanted male adolescents. Eight post-pubertal male patients who underwent successful renal tx during the peripubertal period and who had ESRD during childhood were enrolled in the study. Patients who underwent tx before 14 yr old (group I) and patients who underwent tx after 14 yr old (group II) were evaluated separately. Semen was collected and analyzed. Serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone were measured and found to be normal in all patients except one...

OBJECTIVE: to study the complications of no scalpel vasectomy such as scrotal haematoma, infection, scrotal sinus, and failure, recanalization, and sperm granuloma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study carried out in Dept. of Obs/ Gyn, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu Nepal. RESULT: Among 926 no scalpel vasectomy clients 5(0.53%) had scrotal haematoma, 4(0.43%) with had infection, 3(0.32%) had scrotal sinus; there were 2 cases each vasectomy failure who could not achieve azospermia and 2 with recanalization while there was only one case of sperm granuloma...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic value of testicular fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology with that of open biopsy in primary infertility and nonobstructive azospermia or severe oligozoospermia, to evaluate the reliability of percentage cell counts and cell indices. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty patients (21 azospermic and 9 severe oligozoospermic) who had samples for testicular FNA obtained from both testis (mean age = 28.7) and open biopsy were included in the prospective study...

BACKGROUND: Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD) is a fatal autosomal recessive disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in swi/snf-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a-like 1 (SMARCAL1). METHODS: Analysis of detailed autopsies to correlate clinical and pathological findings in two men severely affected with SIOD. RESULTS: As predicted by the clinical course, T cell deficiency in peripheral lymphoid organs, defective chondrogenesis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cerebral ischaemic lesions and premature atherosclerosis were identified...

INTRODUCTION: 46 XX male syndrome (de la Chapelle syndrome) is a rarely seen genetic disorder causing male infertility. It is generally a result of unequal crossing over between X and Y chromosomes. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old infertile male was referred to the Urology Department. He had normal external male genital phenotype and secondary sex characters. No gynecomastia was noted. At physical examination soft and atrophic testes were palpated. Laboratory analysis and testis biopsies indicated nonobstructive azospermia...

Spermatocytic seminomas are solid tumors found solely in the testis of predominantly elderly individuals. We investigated these tumors using a genome-wide analysis for structural and numerical chromosomal changes through conventional karyotyping, spectral karyotyping, and array comparative genomic hybridization using a 32 K genomic tiling-path resolution BAC platform (confirmed by in situ hybridization). Our panel of five spermatocytic seminomas showed a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances, mainly numerical in nature (range, 3-24 per tumor)...

OBJECTIVE: Iatrogenic injury to the vas deferens is a well-documented complication of inguinal hernia repair. Recently obstruction related to the use of polypropylene mesh for hernia repair has been reported. We describe a case using laparoscopy to mobilize the retroperitoneal vas and deliver it to the healthy vas proximal to the vas trapped in the cicatrix induced by mesh thus allowing a tension-free microsurgical repair. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Outpatient male infertility practice...

Using "in silico" drug design methodologies, we have discovered several nonsteroidal compounds of natural origin that bind to human sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with affinity constants of 0.1 x 10(6) to 1.2 x 10(6) M(-1). The computational solutions we developed involved pharmacophore-aided database search, virtual protein-ligand docking, and structure-activity modeling with "inductive" QSAR descriptors. By screening 23 836 natural substance structures, we identified 29 potential SHBG ligands, and eight of these bound the protein in vitro...

This paper is based on a lecture given during the Oncological Forum, Oslo, in November 2002. Long-term morbidity in cancer survivors is exemplified by results of clinical research in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). The most serious complication is the development of second, non-germ cell malignancies (relative risk [RR]: 1.4-1.6). After infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy, most solid malignancies are diagnosed within or near the target volume. Combined chemo-radiotherapy increases this risk. Chemotherapy-induced leukaemia is usually reported after 4-7 years...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Up to now, the identification of gene mutations causing infertility in humans remains poorly investigated. Temporal progression through meiosis and meiosis specific genes had been extensively characterized in yeast. Recently some mammalian homologous were found. The molecular mechanisms regulating entry into and progression through meiosis in mammals are still unknown. However, disruption of some meiotic genes in mouse showed an essential role of them in meiotic chromosome synapsis and gametogenesis. Moreover, the phenotype of gonads in null mutant mice for some meiotic genes (failure to initiate or blockage in meiosis, lack of gametes or small size of gonads...

Excessive long term consumption of alcohol and nicotine have serious detrimental effects upon the libido, fertility, and sperm count in male species. The present work describes the beneficial effects of a novel tri-substituted benzoflavone moiety (BZF) isolated from Passiflora incarnata Linneaus, the phyto-chemical isolation, spectroscopic elucidation, and multifarious biological activities of which have recently been reported by the authors. The BZF moiety has been reported to increase libido, sperm count, and sexual fertility in 2 years old male rats at 10 mg/kg, po dose, in the one of our previous studies...

A comprehensive clinical-and-laboratory evaluation was carried out in 132 patients with chronic prostatitis, the major proportion of these presenting with concomitant urethritis. It has been ascertained that infectious agents (chlamidia, gonococci, myco- and ureaplasms, trichomonads) play an important part in the origination and development of chronic prostatitis. In the examined patients spermograms were studied, with normospermia having been recorded in 45 (34%) patients, grade I oligospermia in 41 (31%), grade II oligospermia in 29 (22%), grade III oligospermia in 13 (10%), azospermia in 4 (3%) patients...

Most male cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are infertile due to obstructive azospermia but little is known about the best time to counsel patients on infertility. All male patients attending the Adult Nottingham CF unit were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire on infertility. The response rate was 60%. The median age that the patients first became aware of male infertility was 17 years (range 13-24) but the preferred age of receiving this information was 14 years (range 8-16). Patients first learnt about male infertility from the CF team (six patients), parents (five), from written information (two) or unexpectedly (five)...

A prospective placebo controlled double blind study was conducted in patients attending male infertility clinics of our hospital to evaluate effects of a herbal formulation for male infertility--'Y-virilin'. In phase 1 forty patients with oligospermia with or without asthenospermia were randomly allocated to 2 treatment groups--Treatment Group A i.e. formulation under test and treatment Group B (Placebo). Therapy with these agents was given twice a day for 6 months. In phase 2, 12 patients with azospermia were administered either 'Y virilin' or the placebo (n = 6/Gp)...