Head and neck cancer children

BACKGROUND: Head and neck (H&N) sarcomas in children can poise numerous challenges to the surgical oncologist and require multidisciplinary input and meticulous surgical planning. The application of computer-assisted design/computer-assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been extensively examined in H&N reconstruction in adults, but its utility in ablative oncologic surgery in children warrants further examination. We present preliminary results utilizing CAD/CAM techniques to assist in planning tumor resections and the application of intra-operative radiation in children with skull-base sarcomas...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Cancer is an important part of the global burden of childhood diseases. Head and neck carcinoma in children is rare and related research is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of childhood head and neck carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two cases of childhood head and neck carcinoma treated in our institution were reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Median age overall was 11 years...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Despite the long-term survival rate for children with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) has improved to over 70-80% due to advancements in therapeutic approaches, the survival outcomes for adult HNRMS have not been thoroughly investigated. Our study aims to compare and analyze the survival outcomes of adult and pediatric patients with non-metastatic HNRMS, with a focus on the effect of different local treatment methods on disease outcomes. MATERIALS/METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database covering the period from 2004 to 2018...

Mesenchymal spindle cell tumors with kinase fusions, often presenting in superficial or deep soft tissue locations, may rarely occur in bone. Herein, we describe the clinicopathologic and molecular data of eight bone tumors characterized by various kinase fusions from our files and incorporate the findings with the previously reported seven cases, mainly as single case reports. In the current series all but one of the patients were young children or teenagers, with an age range from newborn to 59 years (mean 19 years)...

The impact of the temporal sequence by which cranial radiotherapy (CRT) and platin-based chemotherapy (PCth) are administered on sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in pediatric and adolescent central nervous system (CNS) and head-and-neck (HN) cancer patients has not yet been studied in detail. We examined the ototoxic effects of sequentially applied CRT and PCth. This study included children and adolescents with CNS and HN tumors who participated in the multicountry PanCareLIFE (PCL) consortium. Audiological outcomes were compared between patients who received CRT prior to PCth and those who received it afterwards...

Secondary neoplasms were reported as one of the complicated complications of childhood cancer treatment. Salivary gland carcinoma is rare, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most prevalent subtype. Secondary neoplasms following neuroblastoma are not often described due to poor long-term survival. The exact cause of these tumors in children, and adults is not clearly known, but they are often observed after head, and neck radiotherapy and mainly involve main salivary glands, especially the parotid. Hence, we report a case of MEC with telangiectasia in the salivary glands of a 20-year-old girl with complaint of a palatal swelling who was treated with chemotherapy (etoposide, G-CSF, cyclophosphamide) without radiotherapy since childhood (18 months) in terms of neuroblastoma...

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, accounting for 4.5% of all cases of cancer in childhood. Although the head and neck are the most common sites of rhabdomyosarcoma, oral lesions are relatively rare and account for only 10% to 12% of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma cases. This is a case report of a girl aged 2 years and 1 month who initially presented with an upper lip mass that invaded the oral mucosa, oral skin, and nostril skin, causing narrowing of the airway. Through our case, we show that rapidly growing small round cell malignancies, especially rhabdomyosarcoma, can be effectively diagnosed and treated at the same time using primary resection with intraoperative frozen section biopsy and that the time spent waiting for the results of preoperative biopsy can be saved in this way, particularly when the patient's symptoms are intensifying rapidly and require immediate operation...

INTRODUCTION: Malignancies in children are different from those found in adults and are a significant cause of childhood mortality.They have varied clinical presentation depending on site and type of disease.It is essential to recognize the early signs and symptoms of malignancies in childhood, especially those involving head and neck region, so as to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity. MATERIALS: A total of 2384 children were admitted over a period of 7 years...

INTRODUCTION: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are a group of hereditary cancer syndromes that can predispose children to endocrine neoplasms developing within the head and neck. OBJECTIVE: To examine the neoplastic manifestations of MEN type 1 (MEN1) and MEN type 2 (MEN2) in the pediatric head and neck. METHODS: Single-institution, retrospective review of pediatric MEN between 2005 and 2022. RESULTS: Fifty-three children were genetically confirmed with MEN (15 MEN1, 34 MEN2A, and 4 MEN2B), while three patients received clinical diagnoses of MEN1...

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma is a poorly differentiated tumor, is more common in midline anatomic sites, and involves young adults and children mainly. Primary pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and poorly defined entity in the prevailing literature. Being a highly aggressive and fatal neoplasm, it gets incumbent for the oncologists and the pathologists to be aware of this entity as it holds distinct management protocol and prognosis. Currently, BET inhibitors (BETi) and histone deactylase inhibitors have shown promising results as targeted therapies in clinical trials in head and neck NMC...

Cystic adenoid carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant epithelial tumor arising from exocrine glands and accounts for only 1% of head and neck cancers. ACCs are common in the fifth and sixth decades of life, predominantly in women, and characterized by slow progression, local aggression, recurrence, and high metastasis. Subglottotracheal ACC is a rare tumor in the pediatric population, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 16-year-old female who was diagnosed with ACC in the subglottic and tracheal region...

(1) Background: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in the first two decades of life. One third of cases appear in the head and neck, with 60% of these being embryonal type. RMS is extremely rare in adults, comprising only 1% of adult malignancies, and of those, only 3.3% are rhabdomyosarcomas. (2) Case report: A 46 y.o. male presented with a 1 cm exophytic pediculated painless lesion on the dorsum of his tongue, with progressive growth for 3 months. An excisional biopsy revealed an "embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with fusocellular areas, with negative rearrangement for gen FOXO1A, negative MDM2 (only focal positivity), and positive INI-1"...

BACKGROUND: The risk of ototoxicity, characterized by hearing impairment, tinnitus, or middle ear inflammation, is elevated in both child and adult cancer survivors who have undergone head-neck or brain radiation, or a combination of the two. To provide optimal care for these cancer survivors and minimize subsequent complications, it is crucial to comprehend the relationship between radiotherapy and ototoxicity. METHODS: A comprehensive search of databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, was conducted from the inception of the knowledge base up until January 2023...

BACKGROUND: Multimodal cancer therapy places childhood cancer survivors at increased risk for chronic health conditions, subsequent malignancies, and premature mortality as they age. We aimed to estimate the cumulative burden of late (>5 years from cancer diagnosis), major surgical interventions among childhood cancer survivors, compared with their siblings, and to examine associations between specific childhood cancer treatments and the burden of late surgical interventions. METHODS: We analysed data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a retrospective cohort study with longitudinal prospective follow-up of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer (diagnosed before age 21 years) treated at 31 institutions in the USA, with a comparison group of nearest-age siblings of survivors selected by simple random sampling...

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy (RT) is a recognized risk factor for cerebrovascular (CV) disease in children and in adults with head and neck cancer. We aimed to investigate whether cerebral RT increases the risk of CV disease in adults with primary brain tumors (PBT). METHODS: We retrospectively identified adults with a supratentorial PBT diagnosed between 1975 and 2006 and with at least 10 years follow-up after treatment. We analyzed demographic, clinical, and radiological features with special attention to CV events...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the development of both anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Although HPV vaccination prevents the majority of anogenital and head and neck cancers (HNC), vaccination rates remain low, especially among males. Known barriers to vaccination are knowledge gaps and vaccine acceptability. The objective of this study is to explore parental knowledge, perceptions, and decision-making processes about HPV and HPV vaccination for both anogenital and HNC...

PURPOSE: Large B-cell lymphoma with IRF4 rearrangement (LBCL, IRF4+) has been recently recognized as a specific entity that is frequently associated with young age and favorable prognosis. However, whether the good outcome of the disease is due to IRF4+ or other factors remains obscure. We thus analyzed 100 young patients with primary head and neck LBCL to see the clinicopathologic correlates of IRF4+. METHODS: The histopathology, immunophenotype, IRF4 status of the tumors, and clinical data were reviewed...

Major progress in recent decades has furthered our clinical and biological understanding of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) with improved stratification for treatment based on risk factors. Clinical risk factors alone were used to stratify patients for treatment in the European Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 protocol. The current EpSSG overarching study for children and adults with frontline and relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma (FaR-RMS NCT04625907) includes FOXO1 fusion gene status in place of histology as a risk factor...

INTRODUCTION: Limited data exist regarding head and neck cancer (HNC) burden among immigrants who may have distinct characteristics, and hence different incidence rates from the general population. Variations in behavioral habits, cultural lifestyle, or diet may cause variations across different subgroups. METHODS: The whole immigrant population of Finnish residents born abroad, and their children were retrieved for the years 1970-2017. First-generation immigrants are defined as individuals born abroad, excluding their children (even if born abroad)...

OBJECTIVE: Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological profile of pediatric patients affected by SGT from a large case series derived from an international group of academic centers. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with SGT (0-19 years old) diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 from Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom was performed...