Hair lamivudine

Background: Hair antiretroviral concentrations are an objective and non-invasive measure of adherence to long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and can further predict virologic outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). Zidovudine, one of the mainstream antiretrovirals in China, has been verified to have high reliability in adherence assessment, especially for its hair concentrations. However, data are limited in its predicting virologic outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize whether hair zidovudine concentrations can predict virologic suppression among Chinese PLWH compared with hair lamivudine concentrations and two self-reported measures, the overall frequency of adherence behaviors and percentage adherence...

We report here a case of alopecia probably caused by the fixed dose combination of doravirine/tenofovir disproxil fumarate/lamivudine (DOR/TDF/3TC) in a 46-year-old male living with HIV, previously treated with tenofovir disproxil fumarate and lamivudine-containing antiretroviral combinations. After having excluded other causes of hair loss such as sexually transmitted disease or drugs associated with alopecia, as well as poor immune-virologic conditions (i.e. low CD4+ cell count and/or high HIV viral load), a toxic effect of doravirine might be hypothesized...

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of ototoxicity from antiretrovirals (ARVs), and ARV therapy in pregnant/nursing mothers can expose offspring to these compounds. The current work modelled whether exposure to ARVs in utero and during nursing altered the functioning of the auditory system in offspring mice. DESIGN: The females of seven breeding pairs of C57BL6/J mice were given daily doses of ARVs lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate by oral gavage during gestation and nursing...

INTRODUCTION: Prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is frequently challenged by irregular access to more effective anti-retroviral therapy. Nevirapine single dose (sdNVP), sdNVP+AZT+3TC for MTCT prophylaxis and NVP+ AZT+3TC for treatment and PMTCT were withdrawn due to low genetic resistance barrier and low efficacy. However current PMTCT lines in Mozambique include DTG+3TC+TDF, TDF+3TC+EFV, DTG +ABC+3TC, and AZT + NVP syrup prophylaxis for exposed babies. We assessed NVP hair and plasma concentrations and association with HIV-1RNA suppression among HIV+ ante-partum and post-partum women under PMTCT in Maputo, Mozambique...

Background: Hair concentrations of antiretrovirals are an innovative and non-invasive method for measuring cumulative antiretroviral exposure and assessing long-term antiretroviral adherence. This study aimed to examine hair concentrations of antiretrovirals in relation to virologic outcomes among PLHIV in Guangxi, China. Methods: Cross-sectional data of hair concentrations of antiretrovirals and HIV viral load were collected from 215 PLHIV in Guangxi, China. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of hair concentrations of antiretrovirals with virologic outcomes...

BACKGROUND: The determination of antiretroviral drugs in hair is receiving considerable research interest to assess long-term adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Currently in China, lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine, efavirenz, ritonavir, and lopinavir are combined as first- and second-line free therapy regimens and are recommended for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH). Simultaneous determination of the six antiretroviral drugs in human hair is important for accurately and widely assessing long-term adherence in Chinese PLWH receiving different ART regimens...

BACKGROUND: Hair antiretroviral concentration has served as an innovative and objective measure of antiretroviral adherence. However, some factors (for example, pharmacokinetics and hair characteristics) may contribute to the variability of hair antiretroviral concentration that may threaten the validity and reliability of the hair measure as a biomarker of adherence. This study aimed to examine the potential factors that may influence the measure of hair antiretroviral concentration...

The determination of the concentrations of antiretroviral drugs in hair is believed to be an important means for the assessment of the long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy. At present, the combination of tenofovir, lamivudine and nevirapine is widely used in China. However, there was no research reporting simultaneous determination of the three drugs in hair. The present study aimed to develop a sensitive method for simultaneous determination of the three drugs in 2-mg and 10-mg natural hair (Method 1 and Method 2)...

SUMMARY: We present a case of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, induced by treatment with fluticasone furoate (1-2 dd, 27.5 µg in each nostril) in a pediatric patient treated for congenital HIV. The pediatric patient described in this case report is a young girl of African descent, treated for congenital HIV with a combination therapy of Lopinavir/Ritonavir (1 dd 320/80 mg), Lamivudine (1 dd 160 mg) and Abacavir (1 dd 320 mg). Our pediatric patient presented with typical Cushingoid features (i...

BACKGROUND: The assessment of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is important in order to predict treatment outcomes. Lamivudine (3TC) is one of the most widely used NRTIs in China, but its concentrations in hair and association with virologic failure and drug resistance have not been studied. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey to investigate 3TC concentrations in hair as a predictor of virologic failure and drug resistance among HIV patients receiving free ART...

Objective: To review the literature evaluating antiretroviral-related alopecia and to provide guidance on the differential diagnosis and management of this condition. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), and the Cochrane database (through May 2014). Relevant conference abstracts and product monographs were reviewed. Search terms included antiretroviral, individual antiretroviral classes and names, highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV, AIDS, alopecia, hair, hair loss and drug...

The results reported here for CBA/CaJ mice describe the effects of regular dosing with a common antiretroviral drug combination on outer hair cell (OHC) function using measures of 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Specifically, experimental mice were treated daily over a 3-mo period with the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC), dissolved in their drinking water, while their control counterparts received untreated water...

Chronic hepatitis B in children is mainly asymptomatic, but they are at life long risk for severe complications. Treatment is considered to suppress the virus and to prolong the survival by preventing the progression to cirrhosis and HCC. Therapeutic options for children are interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) with antiviral, antiproliferative and immuno-modulatory effects and lamivudine (LAM) which inhibits HBV replication and increases cellular immune response. IFN-alpha, 5 MU/m(2), thrice weekly for 6 months is used in patients with high ALT levels which is associated with virologic response rate of 30-40%...

A 38-year-old Caucasian woman with uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) consisting of zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Because her therapeutic response was inadequate, the HAART regimen was changed to abacavir, lamivudine, and lopinavir-ritonavir. Three months after this therapy was started, the patient developed progressive and notable hair loss. Her hair became fair and thin, and her appearance deteriorated considerably...

HIV-protease inhibitors demonstrated such high efficacy in short-term studies that they have been approved by the FDA, even though possible toxicity still needs further investigation. In the period between January 1997 and August 1998, 101 patients, staying at San Patrignano Medical Centre (Italy), received an HIV protease inhibitor (indinavir) plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI's) selected from the following: AZT, didanosine, zalcitabine, lamivudine or stavudine. Seventy-three patients were male, 28 female and their ages ranged from 25 to 60 years, with an average of 34...

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A medical examination, undertaken in an apparently healthy 30-year-old man because of his occupational exposure to chemicals, revealed haematuria and proteinuria. Physical examination was unremarkable except for oral hair-leukoplakia and swelling of the cervical, supraclavicular, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. INVESTIGATIONS: Examination of the urine demonstrated selective glomerular proteins (1.5 g/24 h) and dysmorphic erythrocytes...