precancerosis

Barrett's esophagus (BE) was initially defined in the 1950s as the visualization of gastric-like mucosa in the esophagus. Over time, the definition has evolved to include the identification of goblet cells, which confirm the presence of intestinal metaplasia within the esophagus. Chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a significant risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, as intestinal metaplasia can develop due to GERD. The development of adenocarcinomas related to BE progresses in sequence from inflammation to metaplasia, dysplasia, and ultimately carcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: A review of current knowledge on the efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in preventing recurrent severe cervical lesions after excisional surgical treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: HPV infection is necessary for the development of most cervical precancerous lesions and cervical cancers. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines against HPV infection are available on the market: bivalent Cervarix, quadrivalent Gardasil (formerly Silgard) and nonavalent Gardasil9...

INTRODUCTION: Altered Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation is associated with aging, inflammation, and diseases status, while its effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown. As far as we know, this is the first study to explore and validate the association of IgG N-glycosylation and the carcinogenesis progression of ESCC, providing innovative biomarkers for the predictive identification and targeted prevention of ESCC. METHODS: In total, 496 individuals of ESCC (n=114), precancerosis (n=187) and controls (n=195) from the discovery population (n=348) and validation population (n=148) were recruited in the study...

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development. Based on advancements in CSC research, we propose a monophyletic model of cancer. This model is based on the idea that CSCs are stem cells with disordered differentiation whose original purpose was to repair damaged tissues. Inflammatory responses and damage repair signals are crucial for the creation and maintenance of CSCs. Normal quiescent stem cells are activated by environmental stimulation, such as an inflammatory response, and undergo cell division and differentiation...

BACKGROUND: The effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) depends on early diagnosis. Previously, the abnormal expression of Wnt3a as the key signaling molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was found in HCC cells and could be released into the circulation. In this study, we used rat model of hepatocarcinogenesis to dynamically investigate the alteration of oncogenic Wnt3a and to explore its early monitor value for HCC. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) were fed with diet 2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA, 0...

Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been worldwide threats nowadays. Liver fibrosis is reversible in early stages but will develop precancerosis of HCC in cirrhotic stage. In pathological liver, excessive H2 O2 is generated and accumulated, which impacts the functionality of hepatocytes, Kupffer cells (KCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), leading to genesis of fibrosis and HCC. H2 O2 accumulation is associated with overproduction of superoxide anion (O2 •- ) and abolished antioxidant enzyme systems...

Lichen planus (LP) is a frequent, chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, mucous membranes and/or skin appendages. Esophageal involvement in lichen planus (ELP) is a clinically important albeit underdiagnosed inflammatory condition. This narrative review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge on ELP, its prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic options in order to provide support in clinical management. Studies on ELP were collected using PubMed/Medline...

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. More than 99.7% of cases are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), while HPV types 16 and 18 cause over 70% of all cervical cancer cases. In this preliminary study, we aimed to investigate the presence of HPV infection and diversity of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. METHODS: Cervical swabs ( n = 21) taken from women aged 21-47 years, in seventeen cases, with different degrees of cervical abnormality, and from four healthy women, were tested for the presence of HPV DNA, as well as the bacterial strains associated with bacterial vaginosis, using the real-time PCR method...

Design The study was a systematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement and the guidelines from the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions.Data sources Literature searches of free text and MeSH terms were performed using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library (from 2000 to 30 June 2020). The search strategy was: ("oral screening devices" or "autofluorescence" or "chemiluminescence" or "optical imaging" or "imaging technique") and ("oral dysplasia" or "oral malignant lesions" or "oral precancerosis")...

In this article, we review the chapter on tumors of the larynx, hypopharynx, trachea and parapharyngeal space in the new edition of the WHO book, focusing on the new developments in comparison to the previous edition. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its variants are by far the most common malignancies at these locations, with very limited new insights. The most important is the introduction of new targeted treatment-checkpoint inhibitors, with a new task for pathologists, who may help to predict the response to treatment by analyzing the expression of targeted proteins in biopsy samples...

OBJECTIVES: Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions that may undergo malignant transformation to oral cancer. The early diagnosis and surveillance of OPMDs reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients. Diagnostic techniques based on medical images analysis have been developed to diagnose clinical conditions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of imaging-based techniques compared to the gold standard of histopathology to assess their ability to correctly identify the presence of OPMDs...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to research and validate techniques for extracting DNA from human genomes, explore the sensitivity and specificity of known nucleic acid markers of intestinal malignancy in Chinese patients with early colorectal cancer. We also tried to find adenoma-specific biomarkers in human DNA in feces. METHODS: We compared the ability of fecal DNA testing, Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT) and serum tumor markers to diagnose different types of polyps, and DNA testing was significantly superior to the other two methods...

Background and aims: The majority of colorectal cancers arise from detectable adenomatous or serrated lesions. Here we demonstrate how deregulated alternative splicing of CD44 gene in diseased colon mucosa results in downregulation of standard isoform of CD44 gene (CD44s) and upregulation of variant isoform CD44v8-10. Our aim is to show that upregulation of CD44v8-10 isoform is a possible marker of precancerous lesion in human colon. Methods: We analysed pairs of fresh biopsy specimen of large intestine in a cohort of 50 patients...

This study aimed to investigate the association of IgG glycosylation and esophageal precancerosis for squamous cell carcinoma and determine its role in inflammation. Primary glycans selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm were validated using univariate and multivariate logistics models plus restricted cubic spline functions. In total, 24 direct glycans and 27 derived traits were detected, among which four glycans and three derived traits were primarily selected. Then, GP5 (adjusted OR: 0...

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of different benign and malignant epibulbar tumors. Categories can be made of the age of manifestation (paediatric tumors versus tumors of adults), the originating cell types (squamous cell tumors, melanocytic tumors, lymphomas or germ cell tumors) or genesis (proliferative, infectious or degenerating tumors). Most epibulbar tumors show lesions on the conjunctiva or the cornea. These can be flesh coloured or pigmented efflorescences with leucoplakias or hyperkeratosis...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to analyze a group of patients referred for endometrial biopsy. To evaluate the ultrasound finding of hyperplasia/polyp, the symptomatology of patients related to the result of definitive histology, to determine the severity of individual variables in connection with the detection of precancerosis/cancer. Due to the complexity of information identify women who are suitable for conservative approach. DESIGN: Unicentric retrospective observational study...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of ribonuclear protein IMP3 in laryngeal carcinogenesis, together with other biomarkers of carcinogenesis (Ki-67, p53 and cyclin D1), and to evaluate their predictive values. METHODS: The study included 153 patients divided into three groups: 68 operated for primary invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC); 41 with precancerous lesions of atypical and abnormal hyperplasia; 44 with hyperplastic laryngeal nodule without atypia...

BACKGROUND: Malignant transformation is a rare and late complication of chronic osteomyelitis. This study presented the results of six cases of carcinogenesis and precancerosis transformations arising from chronic osteomyelitis. METHODS: Patients who were diagnosed as chronic osteomyelitis and treated in our division were retrospectively retrieved from electronic case system of our hospital. A total of six cases of chronic osteomyelitis patients, confirming with pathological results were included...

BACKGROUND: Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing, and NAFLD has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. With abnormal CD44 activation, the severe form of NAFLD can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, the molecular mechanism of CD44 in NAFLD needs to be identified. AIM: To investigate the relationship between CD44 activation and malignant transformation of rat hepatocytes under nonalcoholic lipid accumulation...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although various endoscopic technologies have been developed to increase the visual diagnostic accuracy of colorectal precancerosis and early carcinoma, the biopsy-dependent pathology still remains the golden standard. During routine endoscopy, real-time optical histological diagnosis is desired. Without fluorescent label, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging directly reveals live cellular morphology and tissue microenvironment based on intrinsic two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation signals...