Tobacco smoking

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Tobacco is usually cited among the well-known risk factors of esophageal cancer, nevertheless, the extent of the contribution of the type of smoking and its intensity to the disease has not been comprehensively elucidated in Africa. We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and African Journals Online studies published before September 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the funnel plot was used for assessing potential publication bias...

Objectives: We tested an adapted version of an effective U.S.-based peer-texting intervention to promote Quitline use and smoking cessation among rural participants in Vietnam. Methods: We conducted a two-arm randomized trial with participants recruited at four rural community centers. The intervention included peer messages sent for six months that promoted Quitline use and smoking cessation. Additionally, biweekly two-way text messages assessed participants' interest in Quitline referral and current smoking status...

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, the adverse effects of smoking on general, oral, and dental health are reported time and again worldwide. However, evidence to quantify the effects of tobacco smoking and smoking cessation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) is inadequate. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the effects of nicotine gum on HRQoL and OHQoL of cigarette smokers. METHODS: This pilot study was conducted on 40 smokers, half of whom received nicotine gum...

INTRODUCTION: Effective tobacco treatments are available but are often not delivered to individuals with an actual or potential diagnosis of thoracic malignancy. The specific aims of this study were to identify the prevalence of tobacco use and examine the effectiveness of the Clinical and community Effort Against Smoking and secondhand smoke Exposure (CEASE), a system-level computer-facilitated intervention, to improve provider delivery of tobacco treatment in a thoracic surgery and oncology outpatient setting...

INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis and chronic inflammation are the main phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. Cigarette smoke exposure is the leading risk factor for COPD, which causes aberrant airway epithelial structure and function. As a non-classical calpain, the molecular function of calpain5 (CAPN5) in COPD remains unclear. This study investigated the role of CAPN5 in mediating cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced apoptosis and inflammation. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to detect the location and expression of CAPN5...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD) represents a significant and pressing global public health concern, with far-reaching and deleterious consequences for individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. The craving caused by smoking cue is an important trigger for relapse, fundamentally hindering the cessation of cigarette smoking. Mindfulness interventions focusing on cue-reactivity was effective for the treatment of related dependence. Brief mindfulness training (BMT) meets the short-term needs for intervention but the effects still need to be examined...

The first-cured tobacco contains macromolecular substances with negative impacts on tobacco products quality, and must be aged and fermented to mitigate their effects on the tobacco products quality. However, the natural fermentation takes a longer cycle with large coverage area and low economic efficiency. Microbial fermentation is a method to improve tobacco quality. The change of chemical composition of tobacco during the fermentation is often correlated with shapes of tobacco. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tobacco microorganisms on the quality of different shapes of tobacco...

OBJECTIVE: The recent debut of the non-tobacco blunt wrap (N-TBW) for smoking cannabis has received little attention from the tobacco control community. The present study is intended to assess blunt smokers' perceptions and receptivity to N-TBWs, which are being marketed as an alternative to cigarillos and other tobacco products used for making blunts. METHODS: Current blunt smokers (n=41) were recruited from social media platforms to participate in one of nine two-hour focus groups held between October 2022 and May 2023...

BACKGROUND: Young adults 18-24 years old have the highest prevalence of cigarillo use, exposing young adults to comparable or higher nicotine levels and many of the same toxicants as combustible cigarettes. Identifying individual and product characteristics that increase the potential for persistent use is warranted. We sought to examine the interacting effects of depression symptoms and sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use. METHODS: 86 young adults (18-24 years old, 73...

The use of standard protocols in studies supports consistent data collection, improves data quality, and facilitates cross-study analyses. Funded by the National Institutes of Health, the PhenX (consensus measures for Phen otypes and e X posures) Toolkit is a catalog of recommended measurement protocols that address a wide range of research topics and are suitable for inclusion in a variety of study designs. In 2020, a PhenX Working Group of smoking cessation experts followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend measurement protocols suitable for inclusion in smoking cessation and smoking harm reduction studies...

BACKGROUND: In the UK, smoking prevalence in people with depression (34%) and anxiety (29%) is more than double that of the general population (13%). People who stop smoking improve their mental health with comparable effect sizes found for antidepressants. In England, online psychological therapy is a standard treatment for depression and anxiety. Online therapy is an acceptable setting for smoking cessation support; however, integrated smoking and mental health support is not available...

INTRODUCTION: The global market of flavour capsule cigarettes (FCCs) has grown significantly over the past decade; however, prevalence data exist for only a few countries. This study examined prevalence and perceptions of FCCs among adults who smoke across five countries. METHODS: Cross-sectional data among adults who smoked cigarettes came from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Surveys-Brazil (2016/2017), Japan (2021), Republic of Korea (2021), Malaysia (2020) and Mexico (2021)...

BACKGROUND: Smoking households in Indonesia diverted a significant share of their budget to tobacco. Tobacco expenditure is deemed unproductive, as it crowds out resources from essential commodities and increases health care expenditure driven by tobacco-induced diseases. Therefore, despite having adequate resources, some smoking families in Indonesia may spend less on basic needs, which inadvertently puts their standard of living below the poverty line. METHODS: Employing data from 2021 (March) Indonesia's Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), this research aims to quantify the impoverishing effect of tobacco consumption in Indonesia, considering spending on tobacco and tobacco-attributable health care costs as unproductive expenditure...

INTRODUCTION: Despite policies setting a minimum legal sales age, youth continue to access electronic cigarettes (ECs). Evidence of rising youth vaping prevalence in many countries suggests existing measures have serious loopholes and raise important questions about how youth source vaping products. METHODS: We explored how youth source ECs using in-depth interviews with 30 adolescents aged 16-17 who vaped at least once a month and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand...

INTRODUCTION: Article 11 of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) requires Parties to adopt and implement effective tobacco packaging and labeling policies to communicate health risks and reduce tobacco consumption. The goal of this study was to assess adoption of these policies in the WHO African Region (AFRO). METHODS: We reviewed tobacco packaging and labeling policies adopted in AFRO from the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids' Tobacco Control Laws database (w w w...

INTRODUCTION: Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) peoples in Alaska currently experience a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality from tobacco cigarette use. Financial incentives for smoking cessation are evidence-based, but a family-level incentive structure has not been evaluated. We used a community-based participatory research and qualitative approach to culturally adapt a smoking cessation intervention with ANAI families. METHODS: We conducted individual, semi-structured telephone interviews with 12 ANAI adults who smoke, 12 adult family members, and 13 Alaska Tribal Health System stakeholders statewide between November 2022-March 2023...

BACKGROUND: In California, all four-year public colleges have adopted 100% smoke-/tobacco-free policies (TFP) whereas community colleges (CCs), particularly rural CCs, are less likely to have tobacco-free environments. This raises concerns about health equity, particularly because smoking prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban. We examined policy adoption barriers and facilitators for rural California CCs with the aim of providing lessons learned to support TFP adoption by rural CCs and improve conditions for student health and well-being...

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The intricate relationship between smoking and the effects of the antiplatelet drug clopidogrel has been termed the "smoker's paradox". This paradox details the enhanced efficacy of clopidogrel in smokers compared to non-smokers. This review begins with an exploration of the proposed mechanisms of the smoker's paradox, particularly drawing attention to the induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes via tobacco smoke, specifically the enzymes CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Moreover, an investigation of the effects of genetic variability on the smoker's paradox was undertaken from both clinical and molecular perspectives, delving into the effects of ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms...