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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Colleen Lacey, Theone Paterson, Jodie R Gawryluk
BACKGROUND: The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has been established in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) literature to impact brain structure and function and may also show congruent effects in healthy older adults, although findings in this population are much less consistent. The current study aimed to replicate and expand the multimodal approach employed by Honea et al. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and neuropsychological measures were used to investigate the impact of APOE-ε status on grey matter structure, white matter integrity, and cognitive functioning...
2024: PloS One
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaojing Li, Wei Wei, Qiang Wang, Wei Deng, Mingli Li, Xiaohong Ma, Jinkun Zeng, Liansheng Zhao, Wanjun Guo, Mei-Hua Hall, Tao Li
BACKGROUND: Cortical thickness (CT) alterations, mismatch negativity (MMN) reductions, and cognitive deficits are robust findings in first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, most studies focused on medicated patients, leaving gaps in our understanding of the interrelationships between CT, MMN, neurocognition, and psychosocial functioning in unmedicated FEP. This study aimed to employ multiple mediation analysis to investigate potential pathways among these variables in unmedicated drug-naïve FEP...
April 18, 2024: Schizophrenia Bulletin
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Inês S Freire, Tânia S Lopes, Sónia G Afonso, Daniela J Pereira
INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a valuable non-invasive imaging modality for mapping white matter tracts and assessing microstructural integrity, and can be used as a "biomarker" in diagnosis, differentiation, and therapeutic monitoring. Although it has gained clinical importance as a marker of neuropathology, limitations in its interpretation underscore the need for caution. METHODS: This review provides an overview of the principles and clinical applicability of DTI...
April 18, 2024: Neuroradiology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheng-Yuan Li, Wan-Chen Chang, Mu-Hong Chen, Pei-Chi Tu, Tai-Li Chen, Chih-Chiang Chen, Yun-Ting Chang, You-Yin Chen, Ya-Mei Bai
<u> Background: </u> Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. However, few studies have investigated brain changes associated with chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that chronic inflammation might be related to brain structural alterations in patients with AD. <u> Objectives: </u> To investigate the association between disease severity (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI]), proinflammatory cytokines, and differences in brain gray matter (GM) volume in patients with AD...
April 17, 2024: Dermatitis
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seung Hyun Lee, Jooyoung Lee, Da-Woon Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Sung Jae Ahn, Moon Gwan Choi, Sungyang Jo, Chong Hyun Suh, Sun J Chung
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood patch (EBP). BACKGROUND: Epidural blood patch is the main treatment option for SIH; however, the characteristics of patients who experience relapse after successful EBP treatment for SIH remain understudied. METHODS: In this exploratory, retrospective, case-control study, we included 19 patients with SIH recurrence after EBP and 36 age- and sex-matched patients without recurrence from a single tertiary medical institution...
April 18, 2024: Headache
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zihan Li, Ziyu Li, Berkin Bilgic, Hong-Hsi Lee, Kui Ying, Susie Y Huang, Hongen Liao, Qiyuan Tian
Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool for mapping tissue microstructure and structural connectivity non-invasively in the in vivo human brain. Numerous diffusion signal models are proposed to quantify microstructural properties. Nonetheless, accurate estimation of model parameters is computationally expensive and impeded by image noise. Supervised deep learning-based estimation approaches exhibit efficiency and superior performance but require additional training data and may be not generalizable...
April 18, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin-Lin Wang, Ping-Shan Pan, Hui Ma, Chun He, Zai-Long Qin, Wei He, Jing Huang, Shu-Yin Tan, Da-Hua Meng, Hong-Wei Wei, Ai-Hua Yin
BACKGROUND: Malformations of cortical development (MCD) are a group of congenital disorders characterized by structural abnormalities in the brain cortex. The clinical manifestations include refractory epilepsy, mental retardation, and cognitive impairment. Genetic factors play a key role in the etiology of MCD. Currently, there is no curative treatment for MCD. Phenotypes such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy cannot be observed in the fetus. Therefore, the diagnosis of MCD is typically based on fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, or genetic testing...
April 2024: Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
#8
Raed Masalma, Thabet Zidan, Khalil M Abualhumos, Dalia Hamayel, Ziad Abukhalil, Ahmed T Ghanem, Adnan Mousa, Maroun Helou, Wesam Tamimi, Mahdi Al-Sayed Ahmad
Thalassemia is known to induce extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH), which is a compensatory mechanism in which the body forms blood cells outside the bone marrow. While EMH typically affects organs such as the spleen and liver, there are rare instances where it leads to spinal cord compression (SCC) in the epidural space. A 31-year-old male patient with transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia presented with numbness and bilateral limb weakness due to EMH. Neurological examination revealed increased tone in both legs, reduced power, loss of crude touch and pain sensation, and increased deep tendon reflexes...
March 2024: Curēus
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuangshuang Cao, Xinye Fan, Wenjing Fang, Mengcheng Du, Qinghe Sun, Huijuan Niu, Chuanchuan Li, Xin Wei, Chenglin Bai, Jifang Tao, Mingxin Li, Baoxi Chen, Santosh Kumar
A multi-function sensor based on an all-dielectric metastructure for temperature and refractive index sensing simultaneously is designed and analyzed in this paper. The structure is composed of a periodic array of silicon dimers placed on the silicon dioxide substrate. By breaking the symmetry of the structure, the ideal bound states in the continuum can be converted to the quasi-bound states in the continuum, and three Fano resonances are excited in the near-infrared wavelength. Combining with the electromagnetic field distributions, the resonant modes of three Fano resonances are analyzed as magnetic dipole, magnetic toroidal dipole, and electric toroidal dipole, respectively...
April 1, 2024: Biomedical Optics Express
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingjun Dai, Jianwei Lou, Deyuan Kong, Jinyu Li, Qingguo Ren, Yujing Chen, Sujuan Sun, Yan Yun, Xiaohan Sun, Yiru Yang, Kai Shao, Wei Li, Yuying Zhao, Xiangshui Meng, Chuanzhu Yan, Pengfei Lin, Shuangwu Liu
BACKGROUND: Using in vivo neuroimaging techniques, growing evidence has demonstrated that the choroid plexus (CP) volume is enlarged in patients with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, although animal and postmortem findings suggest that CP abnormalities are likely important pathological mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the third most common neurodegenerative disease, no available study has been conducted to thoroughly assess CP abnormalities and their clinical relevance in vivo in ALS patients to date...
April 17, 2024: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jae Min Lee, Jong-Hun Ji, Sang-Eun Park, Dongwhan Suh, Ki-Jeon Song
BACKGROUND: In transtendinous full thickness rotator cuff tears (FTRCT) with remnant cuff, conventionally, cuff remnant of the greater tuberosity (GT) is debrided for better tendon to bone healing. However, larger cuff defect caused overtension on the repaired tendon. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and tendon integrity between remnant preserving and remnant debriding cuff repairs in the transtendinous FTRCT with remnant cuff. METHODS: From March, 2012 to October, 2017, a total of 127 patients who had the transtendinous FTRCT with remnant cuff were enrolled in this study...
April 17, 2024: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katherine B McCullough, Amanda Titus, Kate Reardon, Sara Conyers, Joseph D Dougherty, Xia Ge, Joel R Garbow, Patricia Dickson, Carla M Yuede, Susan E Maloney
BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB, also known as Sanfilippo Syndrome B, is a devastating childhood disease. Unfortunately, there are currently no available treatments for MPS IIIB patients. Yet, animal models of lysosomal storage diseases have been valuable tools in identifying promising avenues of treatment. Enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and bone marrow transplant have all shown efficacy in the MPS IIIB model systems. A ubiquitous finding across rodent models of lysosomal storage diseases is that the best treatment outcomes resulted from intervention prior to symptom onset...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
#13
REVIEW
Tomo Tarui, Alexis C Gimovsky, Neel Madan
Advances in fetal brain neuroimaging, especially fetal neurosonography and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow safe and accurate anatomical assessments of fetal brain structures that serve as a foundation for prenatal diagnosis and counseling regarding fetal brain anomalies. Fetal neurosonography strategically assesses fetal brain anomalies suspected by screening ultrasound. Fetal brain MRI has unique technological features that overcome the anatomical limits of smaller fetal brain size and the unpredictable variable of intrauterine motion artifact...
April 10, 2024: Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie K Wisch, Nicole S McKay, Anna H Boerwinkle, James Kennedy, Shaney Flores, Benjamin L Handen, Bradley T Christian, Elizabeth Head, Mark Mapstone, Michael S Rafii, Sid E O'Bryant, Julie C Price, Charles M Laymon, Sharon J Krinsky-McHale, Florence Lai, H Diana Rosas, Sigan L Hartley, Shahid Zaman, Ira T Lott, Dana Tudorascu, Matthew Zammit, Adam M Brickman, Joseph H Lee, Thomas D Bird, Annie Cohen, Patricio Chrem, Alisha Daniels, Jasmeer P Chhatwal, Carlos Cruchaga, Laura Ibanez, Mathias Jucker, Celeste M Karch, Gregory S Day, Jae-Hong Lee, Johannes Levin, Jorge Llibre-Guerra, Yan Li, Francisco Lopera, Jee Hoon Roh, John M Ringman, Charlene Supnet-Bell, Christopher H van Dyck, Chengjie Xiong, Guoqiao Wang, John C Morris, Eric McDade, Randall J Bateman, Tammie L S Benzinger, Brian A Gordon, Beau M Ances
BACKGROUND: In people with genetic forms of Alzheimer's disease, such as in Down syndrome and autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease, pathological changes specific to Alzheimer's disease (ie, accumulation of amyloid and tau) occur in the brain at a young age, when comorbidities related to ageing are not present. Studies including these cohorts could, therefore, improve our understanding of the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and be useful when designing preventive interventions targeted at disease pathology or when planning clinical trials...
May 2024: Lancet Neurology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rabi Tawil, Kathryn R Wagner, Johanna I Hamel, Doris G Leung, Jeffrey M Statland, Leo H Wang, Angela Genge, Sabrina Sacconi, Hanns Lochmüller, David Reyes-Leiva, Jordi Diaz-Manera, Jorge Alonso-Perez, Nuria Muelas, Juan J Vilchez, Alan Pestronk, Summer Gibson, Namita A Goyal, Lawrence J Hayward, Nicholas Johnson, Samantha LoRusso, Miriam Freimer, Perry B Shieh, S H Subramony, Baziel van Engelen, Joost Kools, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Per Widholm, Christopher Morabito, Christopher M Moxham, Diego Cadavid, Michelle L Mellion, Adefowope Odueyungbo, William G Tracewell, Anthony Accorsi, Lucienne Ronco, Robert J Gould, Jennifer Shoskes, Luis Alejandro Rojas, John G Jiang
BACKGROUND: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a hereditary progressive myopathy caused by aberrant expression of the transcription factor DUX4 in skeletal muscle. No approved disease-modifying treatments are available for this disorder. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of losmapimod (a small molecule that inhibits p38α MAPK, a regulator of DUX4 expression, and p38β MAPK) for the treatment of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial at 17 neurology centres in Canada, France, Spain, and the USA...
May 2024: Lancet Neurology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rene Weber, Frederic R Hopp, Allison Eden, Jacob T Fisher, Hye-Eun Lee
Punishment of moral norm violators is instrumental for human cooperation. Yet, social and affective neuroscience research has primarily focused on second- and third-party norm enforcement, neglecting the neural architecture underlying observed (vicarious) punishment of moral wrongdoers. We used naturalistic television drama as a sampling space for observing outcomes of morally-relevant behaviors to assess how individuals cognitively process dynamically evolving moral actions and their consequences. Drawing on Affective Disposition Theory, we derived hypotheses linking character morality with viewers' neural processing of characters' rewards and punishments...
April 15, 2024: NeuroImage
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saeed Jerban, Dina Moazamian, Hamidreza Shaterian Mohammadi, Yajun Ma, Hyungseok Jang, Behnam Namiranian, Soo Hyun Shin, Salem Alenezi, Sameer B Shah, Christine B Chung, Eric Y Chang, Jiang Du
High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) has been increasingly used to assess the trabecular bone structure. High susceptibility at the marrow/bone interface may significantly reduce the marrow's apparent transverse relaxation time (T2*), overestimating trabecular bone thickness. Ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) can minimize the signal loss caused by susceptibility-induced T2* shortening. However, UTE-MRI is sensitive to chemical shift artifacts, which manifest as spatial blurring and ringing artifacts partially due to non-Cartesian sampling...
April 15, 2024: Bone
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qi Zhang, Fangjie Li, Min Wei, Min Wang, Luyao Wang, Ying Han, Jiehui Jiang
BACKGROUND: Predicting cognitive decline in those already Aβ positive or Tau positive among the aging population poses clinical challenges. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, intra-default mode network (DMN) connections play a pivotal role in diagnosis. This paper proposes metabolic connectivity within the DMN as a supplementary biomarker to the AT(N) framework. METHODS: Extracting data from 1292 subjects in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we collected paired T1-weighted structural MRI and 18 F-labeled-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (PET) scans...
April 15, 2024: Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weiwei Zeng, Zhuoyao Wu, Yan Xu, Weitao Yang, Bingbo Zhang
Molecular magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) of biomarkers is essential for accurate cancer detection in precision medicine. However, the current clinically used contrast agents provide structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) information only and rarely provide mMRI information. Here, a tumor-specific furin-catalyzed nanoprobe (NP) was reported for differential diagnosis of malignant breast cancers (BCs) in vivo . This NP with a compact structure of Fe3 O4 @Gd-DOTA NPs (FFG NPs) contains an "always-on" T2 -weighted MR signal provided by the magnetic Fe3 O4 core and a furin-catalyzed enhanced T1 -weighted MR signal provided by the Gd-DOTA moiety...
April 17, 2024: Analytical Chemistry
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bogyeom Park, Yuwon Kim, Jinseok Park, Hojin Choi, Seong-Eun Kim, Hokyoung Ryu, Kyoungwon Seo
BACKGROUND: Early detection of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease, is crucial for preventing the progression of dementia. Virtual reality (VR) biomarkers have proven to be effective in capturing behaviors associated with subtle deficits in instrumental activities of daily living, such as challenges in using a food-ordering kiosk, for early detection of MCI. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers have demonstrated their efficacy in quantifying observable structural brain changes that can aid in early MCI detection...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Medical Internet Research
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