Eagle criteria

CONTEXT: Multiple aspects of a multidomain assessment have been validated for identifying concussion, however, researchers have yet to determine which components are related to referral for vestibular therapy. OBJECTIVE: To identify which variables from a multidomain assessment were associated with receiving a referral for vestibular therapy following a concussion. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review, level of evidence 3. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Participants (n=331; age: 16...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-especially those isolated from adipose tissue (Ad-MSCs)-have gained special attention as a renewable, abundant source of stem cells that does not pose any ethical concerns. However, current methods to isolate Ad-MSCs are not standardized and employ complicated protocols that require special equipment. We isolated Ad-MSCs from the epididymal fat of Sprague-Dawley rats using a simple, reproducible method. The isolated Ad-MSCs usually appear within 3 days post isolation, as adherent cells display fibroblastic morphology...

OBJECTIVES: To quantify changes in body composition during cytotoxic chemotherapy for germ cell carcinoma of the testis (GCT) and evaluate associations between change in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and chemotherapy-associated adverse events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective single-institution study evaluated men with GCT treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy from 2005 to 2018. We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI [cm2 /m2 ]), skeletal muscle density (SMD [Hounsfield Units (HU)]), skeletal muscle gauge (SMG [cm²*HU/m²]), fat mass index (FMI [kg/m2 ]), visceral adipose index (VAI [cm2 /m2 ]), and subcutaneous adipose index (SAI [cm2 /m2 ]) on axial computed tomography images at the level of the third lumbar vertebra within 75 days before and after chemotherapy...

INTRODUCTION: Although 80% of cancer survivors report symptoms of insomnia, only 28-43% meet DSM-5 criteria for this diagnosis. We sought to characterize the association between patient-reported insomnia symptoms, patient outcomes, and supportive care variables, as well as explore clinically meaningful insomnia thresholds in a sample of women diagnosed with breast and gynecologic cancers. METHODS: From July 2018-March 2019, all breast and gynecologic cancer survivors seen at the Stanford Women's Cancer Center were approached and invited to participate in the study (15% declined)...

Plastic litter is a pollutant of aquatic environments worldwide, with some of the world's highest litter densities occurring in freshwater ecosystems. Little information about the risk that plastic litter poses to aquatic wildlife is available across the world's most polluted waterways. To help assess the risk to aquatic species where empirical data is lacking, our review presents i) a risk assessment methodology for predicting plastic litter impacts on aquatic wildlife in data poor environments, ii) a case study demonstrating this risk assessment methodology for wildlife across two heavily polluted river basins in Asia, the Mekong and Ganges River Basins; and iii) a broad review summarising common trends in litter interactions and risk to freshwater fish, aquatic birds, cetaceans and raptors...

OBJECTIVES: Emergency department (ED) patients with cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics may be treated via outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) as opposed to hospitalization. The primary objective was to compare healthcare costs for the following strategies: community intravenous antibiotics with referral to an OPAT clinic operated by infectious disease specialists ('OPAT clinic' strategy); community intravenous antibiotics with return to ED if necessary ('return to ED' strategy); and hospital admission...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the best combination of clinical variables associated with concussion subtypes using a multidomain assessment comprising medical history; symptoms; and cognitive, ocular, and vestibular impairment in a cohort of patients presenting to a concussion specialty clinic. METHODS: Adolescent patients (n = 293) completed demographics and medical history, Concussion Clinical Profiles Screening, Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing, and vestibular ocular motor screening at their first visit (mean 7...

Wildlife exposures to pest controlling substances have resulted in population declines of many predatory species during the past decades. Many pesticides were subsequently classified as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) and banned on national or global scales. However, despite their risks for non-target vertebrate wildlife, PBT substances such as anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are still permitted for use in Europe and have shown to threaten raptors. Whereas risks of ARs are known, much less information is available on emerging agrochemicals such as currently used PPPs and medicinal products (MPs) in higher trophic level species...

Background Diseases of the thoracic aorta are characterized by a familial etiology in up to 30% of the cases. Nonsyndromic thoracic aorta diseases (NS-TADs) lack overt clinical signs and systemic features, which hinder early detection and prompt surgical intervention. We hypothesize that tailored genetic testing and imaging of first-degree and second-degree relatives of patients affected by NS-TADs may enable early diagnosis and allow appropriate surveillance or intervention. Methods and Results We conducted a feasibility study involving probands affected by familial or sporadic NS-TADs who had undergone surgery, which also offered screening to their relatives...

OBJECTIVE: The surgical treatment of Eagle syndrome involves an intra- or extraoral approach. This systematic review set out to consolidate current knowledge on the prevalence of complications associated with intraoral and external approaches. METHODS: Seven main electronic and two gray literature databases were searched. Studies were blindly selected by two reviewers based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Studies evaluating any type of complication in the treatment of Eagle syndrome were considered eligible...

BACKGROUND: The REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial) trial demonstrated that high-dose icosapent-ethyl reduced the risk of ischemic events in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides (TG) and either atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or diabetes plus at least one risk factor. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using data from REACH (Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health), a large international registry of outpatients with or at risk of ASCVD, we evaluated the proportion of patients potentially eligible for enrolment in REDUCE-IT and compared their outcomes to those excluded because of low TG...

INTRODUCTION: Vascular Eagle syndrome, due to impingement of the extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) by the styloid process (SP), is an uncommon and not yet widely recognized cause of ICA dissection. Up to now, this diagnosis is still presumptive, based mainly on the length of the SP. However, given the discrepancy between the much higher prevalence of an elongated SP in the population compared to the reported rate of Eagle syndrome, other anatomical factors beyond the length itself of this bony structure seem to be involved...

Background: Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is defined clinically as the association of cutaneous sebaceous neoplasm and visceral malignancy. Ancillary tests are considered crucial for diagnosis. Although screening guidelines for MTS, including the Mayo MTS scoring system, have been proposed, there are no ophthalmic site-specific guidelines. Summary: A literature review conducted by PubMed search for articles describing patients with periocular sebaceous neoplasm and MTS disclosed 31 publications describing 60 patients, 36 (60%) of whom fulfilled clinical criteria for MTS, 6 (10%) whose diagnosis was based on screening ancillary studies, 14 (23%) who fulfilled clinical criteria and had supporting screening ancillary studies, and 4 (7%) who fulfilled clinical criteria and had supporting diagnostic genetic testing...

Despite guidelines, many individuals are not routinely tested for HIV within healthcare settings. Our objective was to quantify and characterize preceding clinical encounters by newly-diagnosed persons living with HIV in southern Alberta, Canada. We discuss the clinical impact of missed HIV testing, and options for remediation. Clinical encounters prior to HIV diagnosis including the discharge diagnosis were collected between 1 April 2011 and 1 April 2016. We followed the HIV Indicator Diseases across Europe Study criteria to identify HIV Clinical Indicator Conditions (HCICs) present at clinical encounters...

The consequences of bird mortality caused by collisions with wind turbines are increasingly receiving attention. So-called acceptable mortality limits of populations, that is, those that assume that 1%-5% of additional mortality and the potential biological removal (PBR), provide seemingly clear-cut methods for establishing the reduction in population viability.We examine how the application of these commonly used mortality limits could affect populations of the Common Starling, Black-tailed Godwit , Marsh Harrier, Eurasian Spoonbill, White Stork, Common Tern, and White-tailed Eagle using stochastic density-independent and density-dependent Leslie matrix models...

Evaluation of the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of tests for infectious diseases in wild animals is challenging, and some of the limitations may affect compliance with the OIE-recommended test validation pathway. We conducted a methodologic review of test validation studies for OIE-listed diseases in wild mammals published between 2008 and 2017 and focused on study design, statistical analysis, and reporting of results. Most published papers addressed Mycobacterium bovis infection in one or more wildlife species...

AIMS: To study the prevalence of three-rooted mandibular permanent first molars (PFM) among Saudi population in Al Zulfi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were selected from the patients' records, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Healthy patients with the presence of both mandibular PFM, orthopantomogram (OPG) and/or intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs were included in the study. All patients included were evaluated by a single examiner using OPG and IOPA radiographs...

BACKGROUND: High doses of ampicillin are often used to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in infants. A paradoxical antibiotic effect, often called the Eagle effect, occurs when increasing concentrations of antibiotic above a threshold results in decreased efficacy. It is unknown if infants treated with ampicillin are at risk for this paradoxical effect. METHODS: We identified infants <28 days of age with Escherichia coli, Enterococcus or Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus) bloodstream infections from 1997 to 2012 and previously included in an ampicillin pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling study...

INTRODUCTION: The glossopharyngeal nerve lies posterior to the internal carotid artery at the submandibular region. The primary objective of this study was to compare ultrasound-guided glossopharyngeal nerve block (UGPNB) and landmark glossopharyngeal nerve block (GPNB). MATERIALS & METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with unilateral Eagle syndrome and ear pain. Group UGPNB (N = 25) received three UGPNBs at weekly intervals with 1.5 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine and 20 mg of methylprednisolone...

OBJECTIVE: YouTube has become an important information source for pediatric neurosurgical patients and their families. The goal of this study was to determine whether the informative quality of videos of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization (ETV + CPC) is associated with metrics of popularity. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used comprehensive search terms to identify videos pertaining to ETV and ETV + CPC presented on the first 3 pages of search results on YouTube...