Parathyroid

OBJECTIVE: Hypoparathyroidism (HPt) is a rare endocrine disorder often of postsurgical origin, resulting in hypocalcaemia. Several complications have been described including impairment of quality of life (QoL). Our study aims to evaluate the effect of hypoparathyroidism on the QoL of patients diagnosed with HPt. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition of the Hassan II University Hospital of Fez...

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common endocrinological feature in children with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome. Treatment includes active vitamin D and calcium supplementation. Here, we report a case of a newborn with Sanjad-Sakati syndrome who had severe hypocalcemia since birth who responded to PTH subcutaneous pump infusion. The child was born at 35 weeks with hypocalcemia since the first day of life. The standard medical treatment proved ineffective for the newborn, necessitating the administration of unusually high doses of oral and IV calcium and vitamin D analogue for a 2 months...

Can a smart phone application be reliably used for laryngoscopy? This thesis was tested for peri-operative evaluation of vocal cords in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a common complication following thyroid surgery. However, current research findings on the risk factors for post-thyroid surgery hypoPT are not entirely consistent, and the same risk factors may have different impacts on transient and permanent hypoPT. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study to summarize and explore the risk factors for both transient and permanent hypoPT after thyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to 2024...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Defining the optimal parathyroid hormone (PTH) target in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging, especially for bone outcomes, due to the substantial variability in the skeleton's response to PTH. Although PTH hyporesponsiveness is as integral a component of CKD-mineral bone disorder as elevated PTH levels, clinical awareness of this condition is limited. In this review, we will discuss factors and mechanisms contributing to PTH hyporesponsiveness in CKD. This knowledge may provide clues towards a personalized approach to treating secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) usually presents with symptoms of hypercalcemia which is due to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Surgical removal of the secreting tumor either adenoma or hyperplasia remains the mainstay of treatment. Around 2% to 25% of the lesions are located in the mediastinum. We reviewed our institution's surgical treatment and approach to mediastinal parathyroid adenoma (MPA). We retrospectively reviewed the demography, comorbidities, clinical presentation, surgical approach, and outcome for patients in our institution who underwent surgery for MPA from September 2019 until August 2023...

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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Roxadustat, an oral medication for treating renal anemia, is a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor used for regulating iron metabolism and promoting erythropoiesis. To investigate the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness. METHODS: Single-center, retrospective study, 81 PD patients (with erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness) were divided into the roxadustat group (n = 61) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) group (n = 20)...

Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is a disease with no/or inadequate production/secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from the parathyroid glands. Low levels of PTH result in hypocalcemia, which is often treated with calcium supplementation and active vitamin-D analogs. However, increasing evidence suggests that HypoPT has a profound impact on several organ systems. Quality of life (QOL) is reduced in patients with HypoPT, partly due to symptoms related to the central nervous system-including subjective feelings of confusion, a reduced ability to focus and think clearly(i...

Although postpartum Ca supplementation strategies are often employed to prevent subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows, these strategies have produced a mix of beneficial, neutral, and detrimental results when assessing milk yield and subsequent disease outcomes. Because the mechanisms underlying these differing results are unknown, our objectives were to determine how common postpartum Ca supplementation strategies affect blood Ca concentrations and parathyroid hormone (PTH). We conducted a randomized controlled trial with 74 multiparous dairy cows on a commercial dairy in central New York...

INTRODUCTION: Thyroidectomy technique and extent are related to parathyroid injury and hypoparathyroidism. Total thyroidectomy is one of the most commonly performed endocrine surgeries, and the majority of patients recover completely without any complications. However, persistent hypoparathyroidism is the most prevalent long-term consequence following total thyroidectomy. While it is seldom deadly, it can cause severe morbidity for the patient and raise healthcare expenses. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia...

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular lesions most commonly found in the brain and infrequently found in the head and neck. AVMs are characterized by a tangle of blood vessels called a nidus, which shunts blood from an artery directly to a draining vein. Various treatments are available, including surgical resection and endovascular embolization. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old male patient who complained of painful pulsating left neck swelling with dysphagia for 1 year, which turned out to be an AVM alongside the left thyroid gland...

INTRODUCTION: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) has adverse implications for bone health but is relatively understudied. In this study we examine the prevalence and determinants of SHPT and describe the relationship of SHPT with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in older Irish adults. METHOD: Eligible participants (n = 4139) were identified from the Trinity-Ulster-Department of Agriculture (TUDA) study, a cohort of Irish adults aged ≥60 years...

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) interacts with components of the gut microbiota to exert its bone-regulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the gut microbial composition in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Nine patients with PHPT and nine age-sex and body mass index-matched healthy controls were included. Gut microbial composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in both groups at baseline and one month after parathyroidectomy in the PHPT group. Data were imported into QIIME-2 and both QIIME-2 and R packages were used for microbiome analysis...

We aimed to evaluate the impact of fellowship training (FT) for thyroid specialists on the outcomes of patients with thyroid cancer. We reviewed surgeries performed for thyroid cancer before (non-FT group) and after (FT group) fellowship training and compared several variables, including length of stay of patients, tumor diameter, surgical method, lymph node dissection, parathyroid implantation, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications. Compared with the non-FT group, the FT group had a shorter hospital stay, more adequate fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid, less intraoperative blood loss, higher rate of parathyroid implantation, higher lymph node dissection rate, and lower nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism rates...

PURPOSE: To present the effectiveness and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in parathyroid adenoma (PTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 60 patients with a single PTA were evaluated for changes in biochemical and ultrasonographic features up to 6 months after RFA of the lesion. Adenomas were ablated with an alternative technique so called "Nik jet dissection" which incorporates full hydrodissection and polar artery coagulation. Complications as well as the variations in biochemical data and nodule volumes were analyzed between baseline measurements and at each follow-up interval data (first day, 1, 3, and 6 months after ablation) were analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Asthma ranks among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Previous studies have elucidated the significant role of the immune system in its pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the immune-related mechanisms underlying asthma are complex and still inadequately understood. Thus, our objective was to investigate novel key biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics associated with asthma by employing integrated bioinformatics tools. METHODS: In this study, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and genes potentially implicated in asthma...

Osteoarthritis (OA) treatment is limited by the lack of effective nonsurgical interventions to slow disease progression. Here, we examined the contributions of the subchondral bone properties to OA development. We used parathyroid hormone (PTH) to modulate bone mass before OA initiation and alendronate (ALN) to inhibit bone remodeling during OA progression. We examined the spatiotemporal progression of joint damage by combining histopathological and transcriptomic analyses across joint tissues. The additive effect of PTH pretreatment before OA initiation and ALN treatment during OA progression most effectively attenuated load-induced OA pathology...

Introduction: Hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands in the mediastinum pose a challenge to diagnosis and require optimal surgical management. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach, offering potential benefits in terms of both patient comfort and oncological principles. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of VATS for the treatment of hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands in the mediastinum. Methods: Among the 538 patients with mediastinal tumors who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at Istanbul University (2008-2021), 11 exhibited hyperfunctional ectopic parathyroid glands...

In the realm of obstetric care, discerning the subtle signs of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) amidst common pregnancy symptoms remains a formidable challenge. Our exploration into a case of gestational hypercalcemia peels back the layers of this complexity, revealing the clinical conundrum posed by overlapping gastrointestinal manifestations. The journey from diagnosis through surgical intervention to the resolution of symptoms underscores the importance of vigilance for PHPT in pregnant patients. This case further prompts consideration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a potential piece in the puzzle of persistent symptoms post-calcium normalization, inviting a broader dialogue on the intricacies of parathyroid pathology in pregnancy...