Diagnosis of cancer

This article presents a case of cervical metastasis from recurrence of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast >20 years after initial diagnosis. The diagnosis was made after the patient presented with three months of intermittent post-menopausal vaginal spotting. She underwent palliative radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy and was disease free at the time of writing. Cervical metastasis of a primary breast cancer is extremely rare and can present with a variety of symptoms. This case report highlights the importance of life-long gynecologic care and surveillance in patients with a history of breast cancer...

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most effective intravesical immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), administered after its transurethral resection. Although its instillation is generally well tolerated, BCG-related infectious complications may occur in up to 5% of patients. Clinical manifestations may arise in conjunction with initial BCG instillation or develop months or years after the last BCG instillation. The range of presentations and potential severity pose an imminent challenge for clinicians...

Superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) is an oncological emergency and can often be linked to an underlying lung malignancy. Due to the potential life-threatening risks associated with SVCO, it necessitates urgent diagnosis and management. In this report, we discuss 3 case studies where the use of ultrasound-guided supraclavicular lymph node biopsy was used to obtain a biopsy from patients with SVCO, followed by rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). The benefits of this technique ensure a more rapid histological diagnosis, while also involving a less invasive procedure for the patient...

Dermoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis of skin cancer and it increases the accuracy of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) detection. BCC dermoscopic criteria have been updated and divided into vascular, pigment-related, and non-vascular/non-pigment-related. Our multicenter retrospective study tested a new dermoscopic pigment-related characteristic to detect pigmented BCC (pBCC) [brown homogeneous blotches (BHB)]. Cases of pBCC were collected from the databases of IDI-IRCCS of Rome and from three Italian private dermatology centers...

Human skin emits a series of volatile compounds from the skin due to various metabolic processes, microbial activity, and several external factors. Changes in the concentration of skin volatile metabolites indicate many diseases, including diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases. Researchers focused on skin-emitted compounds to gain insight into the pathophysiology of various diseases. In the case of skin volatolomics research, it is noteworthy that sample preparation, sampling protocol, analytical techniques, and comprehensive validation are important for the successful integration of skin metabolic profiles into regular clinical settings...

Early mutation identification guides patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) toward targeted therapies. In the present study, 414 patients with CRC were enrolled, and amplicon-based targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) was then performed to detect genomic alterations within the 73 cancer-related genes in the OncoAim panel. The overall mutation rate was 91.5 % (379/414). Gene mutations were detected in 38/73 genes tested. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (60.9 %), KRAS (46.6 %), APC (30.4 %), PIK3CA (15...

OBJECTIVES: Lymphovascular invasion serves as a crucial prognostic indicator in invasive breast cancer, influencing treatment decisions. We aimed to develop a machine learning model utilizing optimal volumes of interest extracted from multisequence magnetic resonance images to predict lymphovascular invasion in patients with invasive breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study comprised 191 patients postoperatively diagnosed with invasive breast cancer through multi-sequence magnetic resonance imaging...

Aim The study aims to determine the incidence of malignancy at presentation and subsequent risk of malignancy (at 12 months follow-up) in a cohort of patients with double duct sign (DDS) on cross-sectional imaging but no visible stigmata of jaundice. The study also correlates malignancy with liver enzyme dysfunction and estimates the resource burden incurred during the investigation of these patients. Methods A search for the key term "double duct sign" was undertaken in the radiological database of a tertiary hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) centre between March 2017 and March 2022...

BACKGROUND: The late diagnosis, despite the improving availability and accessibility of diagnostic procedures during the last decade in Poland and cooperation between specialist cancer centres, remains an unsolved problem. Moreover, the accessibility to healthcare resources and diagnostic procedures has been drastically reduced because of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019-2020. The study aimed to present the epidemiology of the most frequent cancers diagnosed in Poland as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancers' incidence...

Little is known about the outcome for HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma (HIV-HL) as this is less common than HIV-negative lymphoma. Therefore, we performed a multi-center study to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of HIV-HL patients in China. Nineteen cases of HIV-HL were diagnosed and treated at three center and including the sixth people's hospital of Zhengzhou, Peking union medical college hospital, and Chongqing university cancer hospital, between December 2013 and June 2022. Data on the clinical features, laboratory results, response, and prognosis were collected and analyzed...

BACKGROUND: The impact of long-term Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the pediatric population is still not well understood. This study was designed to estimate the magnitude of COVID-19 long-term morbidity 3-6 months after the date of diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective study of all Clalit Health Services members in Israel aged 1-16 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Controls, who had no previous diagnosis of COVID-19, were one-to-one matched to 65,548 COVID-19-positive children and teens, and were assigned the infection dates of their matches as their index date...

INTRODUCTION: Infectious affections are the most frequent post-operative complications, the rate have been reducing due to the administration of perioperative antibiotics and they are rarely serious. They are usually associated to pelvic collections, fistulas, urinary tract stenosis and, exceptionally, necrotizing fasciitis (FN) and pelvic organ necrosis. There is no well-codified treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 42-year-old female patient, was referred to our department for a stage IIIC2 adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix...

Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a new type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) produced by the specific cleavage of precursor or mature tRNAs. tsRNAs are involved in various basic biological processes such as epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translation regulation, thereby affecting the occurrence and development of various human diseases, including cancers. Recent studies have shown that tsRNAs play an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating biological behaviors such as malignant proliferation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune response, tumor resistance, and tumor metabolism reprogramming...

BACKGROUND: Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PMVT) is an unstable and often fatal cardiac tachyarrhythmia. While there are many causes of this rhythm, including electrolyte imbalances, ischemia, and genetic disorders, iatrogenic etiologies are important to recognize. Abiraterone is an androgen synthesis antagonist effective in treating prostate cancer, but here we describe a case of severe hypokalemia secondary to abiraterone resulting in polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrest...

Some noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) carry open reading frames (ORFs) that can be translated into micropeptides, although noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been previously assumed to constitute a class of RNA transcripts without coding capacity. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that ncRNA-derived micropeptides exhibit regulatory functions in the development of many tumours. Although some of these micropeptides inhibit tumour growth, others promote it. Understanding the role of ncRNA-encoded micropeptides in cancer poses new challenges for cancer research, but also offers promising prospects for cancer therapy...

To address the limitations of traditional photothermal therapy (PTT)/ photodynamic therapy (PDT) and real-time cancer metastasis detection, a pH-responsive nanoplatform (NP) with dual-modality imaging capability was rationally designed. Herein, 1 H,1 H-undecafluorohexylamine (PFC), served as both an oxygen carrier and a 19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe, and photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) were grafted onto the pH-responsive peptide hexahistidine (H6 ) to form H6 -PFC-ICG (HPI). Subsequently, the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor, gambogic acid (GA), was incorporated into hyaluronic acid (HA) modified HPI (HHPI), yielding the ultimate HHPI@GA NPs...

BACKGROUND: The late presentation and diagnosis of OSCC account for the large number of patients with the advanced form of the disease. In Sudan, cases with delayed presentation, particularly those with risk factors such as Toombak dipping and alcohol consumption, frequently present with extensive lesions and a wide area of Field cancerization which characterized by the presence of genetic and epigenetic changes in histologically normal-appearing tissues, and have increased risk for recurrent and second primary tumors...

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic performance of a panel of standard tumor markers (TMs) in patients hospitalized with significant involuntary weight loss (IWL) and elevated levels of inflammation biomarkers, and a combination of the TM panel and the finding of the computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in the internal medicine department at Amiens-Picardie University Medical Center (Amiens, France) between January 1st, 2015, and November 1st, 2021...

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) lacks serum biomarkers with clinical diagnostic value. Multi-omics analysis is an important approach to discovering cancer biomarkers. This study aimed to identify and validate serum biomarkers for GC diagnosis by cross-analysis of proteomics and transcriptomics datasets. METHODS: A cross-omics analysis was performed to identify overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between our previous aptamer-based GC serum proteomics dataset and the GC tissue RNA-Seq dataset in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, followed by lasso regression and random forest analysis to select key overlapping DEGs as candidate biomarkers for GC...

AIM: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most ominous tumor of gynecological cancers due to its poor early detection rate and unfavorable prognosis. To date, there is no reliable screening method for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer at an early stage. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules, and their main function is to regulate gene expression. The present study compared the serum miR-1181 and miR-4314 levels in patients with EOC and healthy controls to measure the diagnostic and prognostic value as candidate biomarkers...