Xing Luo, Yanan Tong, Xiaoqiang Zeng, Yan Ye, Yun Yang, Zhen Song, Zelong Zhang, Haibo Li, Jining Gao, Xuhu Mao, Hao Zeng, Quanming Zou, Hongwu Sun
As a principal ingredient of vaccines, adjuvants can directly induce or enhance the powerful, widespread, innate, and adaptive immune responses associated with antigens. Ophiopogonin D (OP-D), a purified component extracted from the plant Ophiopogon japonicus, has been found to be useful as a vaccine adjuvant. The problems of the low solubility and toxicity of OP-D can be effectively overcome by using a low-energy emulsification method to prepare nanoemulsion ophiopogonin D (NOD). In this article, a series of in vitro protocols for cellular activity evaluation are examined...
December 9, 2022: Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE