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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ewan D Barr, Arunima Dutta, Paulo C C Freire, Mario Cadelano, Tasha Gautam, Michael Kramer, Cristina Pallanca, Scott M Ransom, Alessandro Ridolfi, Benjamin W Stappers, Thomas M Tauris, Vivek Venkatraman Krishnan, Norbert Wex, Matthew Bailes, Jan Behrend, Sarah Buchner, Marta Burgay, Weiwei Chen, David J Champion, C-H Rosie Chen, Alessandro Corongiu, Marisa Geyer, Y P Men, Prajwal Voraganti Padmanabh, Andrea Possenti
Some compact objects observed in gravitational wave events have masses in the gap between known neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs). The nature of these mass gap objects is unknown, as is the formation of their host binary systems. We report pulsar timing observations made with the Karoo Array Telescope (MeerKAT) of PSR J0514-4002E, an eccentric binary millisecond pulsar in the globular cluster NGC 1851. We found a total binary mass of 3.887 ± 0.004 solar masses ( M ⊙ ), and multiwavelength observations show that the pulsar's binary companion is also a compact object...
January 19, 2024: Science
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R R Valiev, R T Nasibullin, B S Merzlikin, K Khoroshkin, V N Cherepanov, D Sundholm
We have developed a new methodology for calculating contributions to the rate constants ( k IC ) of internal conversion that are induced by external electric ( k IC-E ) or magnetic ( k IC-M ) fields. The influence of the external electric and magnetic fields on the k IC was estimated for seven representative molecules. We show that the k IC-E contribution calculated at a field strength of 1011 V m-1 is generally as large as the k IC rate constant in the absence of the external field. For indocyanine green, azaoxa[8]circulene, and pyromitene 567, the k IC-E contribution is as large as k IC already at a field strength of 109 V m-1 ...
January 11, 2024: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ping Chen, Avishay Gal-Yam, Jesper Sollerman, Steve Schulze, Richard S Post, Chang Liu, Eran O Ofek, Kaustav K Das, Christoffer Fremling, Assaf Horesh, Boaz Katz, Doron Kushnir, Mansi M Kasliwal, Shri R Kulkarni, Dezi Liu, Xiangkun Liu, Adam A Miller, Kovi Rose, Eli Waxman, Sheng Yang, Yuhan Yao, Barak Zackay, Eric C Bellm, Richard Dekany, Andrew J Drake, Yuan Fang, Johan P U Fynbo, Steven L Groom, George Helou, Ido Irani, Theophile Jegou du Laz, Xiaowei Liu, Paolo A Mazzali, James D Neill, Yu-Jing Qin, Reed L Riddle, Amir Sharon, Nora L Strotjohann, Avery Wold, Lin Yan
Neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes are the remnants of massive star explosions1 . Most massive stars reside in close binary systems2 , and the interplay between the companion star and the newly formed compact object has been theoretically explored3 , but signatures for binarity or evidence for the formation of a compact object during a supernova explosion are still lacking. Here we report a stripped-envelope supernova, SN 2022jli, which shows 12.4-day periodic undulations during the declining light curve...
January 2024: Nature
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gustav Uhre Jakobsen, Gustav Mogull, Jan Plefka, Benjamin Sauer
We compute the radiation reacted momentum impulse Δp_{i}^{μ}, spin kick ΔS_{i}^{μ}, and scattering angle θ between two scattered spinning massive bodies (black holes or neutron stars) using the N=1 supersymmetric worldline quantum field theory formalism up to fourth post-Minkowskian (4PM) order. Our calculation confirms the state-of-the-art nonspinning results, and extends them to include spin-orbit effects. Advanced multiloop Feynman integral technology including differential equations and the method of regions are applied and extended to deal with the retarded propagators arising in a causal description of the scattering dynamics...
December 15, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M D Nguyen, Joshua Simon, J W Scott, A M Zimmerman, Y C Cincia Tsai, W P Halperin
Superfluid 3 He is a paradigm for odd-parity Cooper pairing, ranging from neutron stars to uranium-based superconducting compounds. Recently it has been shown that 3 He, imbibed in anisotropic silica aerogel with either positive or negative strain, preferentially selects either the chiral A-phase or the time-reversal-symmetric B-phase. This control over basic order parameter symmetry provides a useful model for understanding imperfect unconventional superconductors. For both phases, the orbital quantization axis is fixed by the direction of strain...
January 3, 2024: Nature Communications
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilona Bednarek, Wiesław Olchawa, Jan Sładkowski, Jacek Syska
In this paper, a regression model between neutron star crust-core pressure and the symmetry energy characteristics was estimated using the Akaike information criterion and the adjusted coefficient of determination Radj2. The most probable value of the transition density, which should characterize the crust-core environment of the sought physical neutron star model, was determined based on the obtained regression function. An anti-correlation was found between this transition density and the main characteristic of the symmetry energy, i...
December 13, 2023: Entropy
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luciano Combi, Daniel M Siegel
We perform three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations with weak interactions of binary neutron-star (BNS) mergers resulting in a long-lived remnant neutron star, with properties typical of galactic BNS and consistent with those inferred for the first observed BNS merger GW170817. We demonstrate self-consistently that within ≲30 ms postmerger magnetized (σ∼5-10) incipient jets emerge with asymptotic Lorentz factor Γ∼5-10, which successfully break out from the merger debris within ≲20 ms...
December 8, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter T H Pang, Tim Dietrich, Michael W Coughlin, Mattia Bulla, Ingo Tews, Mouza Almualla, Tyler Barna, Ramodgwendé Weizmann Kiendrebeogo, Nina Kunert, Gargi Mansingh, Brandon Reed, Niharika Sravan, Andrew Toivonen, Sarah Antier, Robert O VandenBerg, Jack Heinzel, Vsevolod Nedora, Pouyan Salehi, Ritwik Sharma, Rahul Somasundaram, Chris Van Den Broeck
The multi-messenger detection of the gravitational-wave signal GW170817, the corresponding kilonova AT2017gfo and the short gamma-ray burst GRB170817A, as well as the observed afterglow has delivered a scientific breakthrough. For an accurate interpretation of all these different messengers, one requires robust theoretical models that describe the emitted gravitational-wave, the electromagnetic emission, and dense matter reliably. In addition, one needs efficient and accurate computational tools to ensure a correct cross-correlation between the models and the observational data...
December 20, 2023: Nature Communications
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eemeli Annala, Tyler Gorda, Joonas Hirvonen, Oleg Komoltsev, Aleksi Kurkela, Joonas Nättilä, Aleksi Vuorinen
Neutron-star cores contain matter at the highest densities in our Universe. This highly compressed matter may undergo a phase transition where nuclear matter melts into deconfined quark matter, liberating its constituent quarks and gluons. Quark matter exhibits an approximate conformal symmetry, predicting a specific form for its equation of state (EoS), but it is currently unknown whether the transition takes place inside at least some physical neutron stars. Here, we quantify this likelihood by combining information from astrophysical observations and theoretical calculations...
December 19, 2023: Nature Communications
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena Poli, Thomas Bland, Samuel J M White, Manfred J Mark, Francesca Ferlaino, Silvia Trabucco, Massimo Mannarelli
Glitches, spin-up events in neutron stars, are of prime interest, as they reveal properties of nuclear matter at subnuclear densities. We numerically investigate the glitch mechanism due to vortex unpinning using analogies between neutron stars and dipolar supersolids. We explore the vortex and crystal dynamics during a glitch and its dependence on the supersolid quality, providing a tool to study glitches from different radial depths of a neutron star. Benchmarking our theory against neutron-star observations, our work will open a new avenue for the quantum simulation of stellar objects from Earth...
December 1, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ian U Roederer, Nicole Vassh, Erika M Holmbeck, Matthew R Mumpower, Rebecca Surman, John J Cowan, Timothy C Beers, Rana Ezzeddine, Anna Frebel, Terese T Hansen, Vinicius M Placco, Charli M Sakari
The heaviest chemical elements are naturally produced by the rapid neutron-capture process ( r -process) during neutron star mergers or supernovae. The r -process production of elements heavier than uranium (transuranic nuclei) is poorly understood and inaccessible to experiments so must be extrapolated by using nucleosynthesis models. We examined element abundances in a sample of stars that are enhanced in r -process elements. The abundances of elements ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, and silver (atomic numbers Z = 44 to 47; mass numbers A = 99 to 110) correlate with those of heavier elements (63 ≤ Z ≤ 78, A > 150)...
December 8, 2023: Science
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giuliano Giacalone, Govert Nijs, Wilke van der Schee
Emergent bulk properties of matter governed by the strong nuclear force give rise to physical phenomena across vastly different scales, ranging from the shape of atomic nuclei to the masses and radii of neutron stars. They can be accessed on Earth by measuring the spatial extent of the outer skin made of neutrons that characterizes the surface of heavy nuclei. The isotope ^{208}Pb, owing to its simple structure and neutron excess, has been in this context the target of many dedicated efforts. Here, we determine the neutron skin from measurements of particle distributions and their collective flow in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb collisions at ultrarelativistic energy performed at the Large Hadron Collider, which are mediated by interactions of gluons and thus sensitive to the overall size of the colliding ^{208}Pb ions...
November 17, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pia Jakobus, Bernhard Müller, Alexander Heger, Shuai Zha, Jade Powell, Anton Motornenko, Jan Steinheimer, Horst Stöcker
Using relativistic supernova simulations of massive progenitor stars with a quark-hadron equation of state (EOS) and a purely hadronic EOS, we identify a distinctive feature in the gravitational-wave signal that originates from a buoyancy-driven mode (g mode) below the proto-neutron star convection zone. The mode frequency lies in the range 200≲f≲800 Hz and decreases with time. As the mode lives in the core of the proto-neutron star, its frequency and power are highly sensitive to the EOS, in particular the sound speed around twice saturation density...
November 10, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tyler Gorda, Risto Paatelainen, Saga Säppi, Kaapo Seppänen
Accurately understanding the equation of state (EOS) of high-density, zero-temperature quark matter plays an essential role in constraining the behavior of dense strongly interacting matter inside the cores of neutron stars. In this Letter, we study the weak-coupling expansion of the EOS of cold quark matter and derive the complete, gauge-invariant contributions from the long-wavelength, dynamically screened gluonic sector at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) in the strong coupling constant α_{s}...
November 3, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L A Koelemay, K R Gold, L M Ziurys
Despite its importance in planet formation and biology1 , phosphorus has been identified only in the inner 12 kpc of the Galaxy2-19 . The study of this element has been hindered in part by unfavourable atomic transitions2,4,20 . Phosphorus is thought to be created by neutron capture on 29 Si and 30 Si in massive stars20,21 , and released into the interstellar medium by Type II supernova explosions2,22 . However, models of galactic chemical evolution must arbitrarily increase the supernovae production23 to match observed abundances...
November 2023: Nature
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gustav Uhre Jakobsen, Gustav Mogull, Jan Plefka, Benjamin Sauer, Yingxuan Xu
Using the N=1 supersymmetric, spinning worldline quantum field theory formalism, we compute the conservative spin-orbit part of the momentum impulse Δp_{i}^{μ}, spin kick ΔS_{i}^{μ}, and scattering angle θ from the scattering of two spinning massive bodies (black holes or neutron stars) up to fourth post-Minkowskian (PM) order. These three-loop results extend the state of the art for generically spinning binaries from 3PM to 4PM. They are obtained by employing recursion relations for the integrand construction and advanced multiloop Feynman integral technology in the causal (in-in) worldline quantum field theory framework to directly produce classical observables...
October 13, 2023: Physical Review Letters
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Levan, Benjamin P Gompertz, Om Sharan Salafia, Mattia Bulla, Eric Burns, Kenta Hotokezaka, Luca Izzo, Gavin P Lamb, Daniele B Malesani, Samantha R Oates, Maria Edvige Ravasio, Alicia Rouco Escorial, Benjamin Schneider, Nikhil Sarin, Steve Schulze, Nial R Tanvir, Kendall Ackley, Gemma Anderson, Gabriel B Brammer, Lise Christensen, Vikram S Dhillon, Phil A Evans, Michael Fausnaugh, Wen-Fai Fong, Andrew S Fruchter, Chris Fryer, Johan P U Fynbo, Nicola Gaspari, Kasper E Heintz, Jens Hjorth, Jamie A Kennea, Mark R Kennedy, Tanmoy Laskar, Giorgos Leloudas, Ilya Mandel, Antonio Martin-Carrillo, Brian D Metzger, Matt Nicholl, Anya Nugent, Jesse T Palmerio, Giovanna Pugliese, Jillian Rastinejad, Lauren Rhodes, Andrea Rossi, Andrea Saccardi, Stephen J Smartt, Heloise F Stevance, Aaron Tohuvavohu, Alexander van der Horst, Susanna D Vergani, Darach Watson, Thomas Barclay, Kornpob Bhirombhakdi, Elmé Breedt, Alice A Breeveld, Alexander J Brown, Sergio Campana, Ashley A Chrimes, Paolo D'Avanzo, Valerio D'Elia, Massimiliano De Pasquale, Martin J Dyer, Duncan K Galloway, James A Garbutt, Matthew J Green, Dieter H Hartmann, Páll Jakobsson, Paul Kerry, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Danial Langeroodi, Emeric Le Floc'h, James K Leung, Stuart P Littlefair, James Munday, Paul O'Brien, Steven G Parsons, Ingrid Pelisoli, David I Sahman, Ruben Salvaterra, Boris Sbarufatti, Danny Steeghs, Gianpiero Tagliaferri, Christina C Thöne, Antonio de Ugarte Postigo, David Alexander Kann
The mergers of binary compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes are of central interest to several areas of astrophysics, including as the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)1 , sources of high-frequency gravitational waves (GW)2 and likely production sites for heavy element nucleosynthesis via rapid neutron capture (the r-process)3 . Here we present observations of the exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst GRB 230307A. We show that GRB 230307A belongs to the class of long-duration gamma-ray bursts associated with compact object mergers4-6 , and contains a kilonova similar to AT2017gfo, associated with the gravitational-wave merger GW1708177-12 ...
October 25, 2023: Nature
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evan H Anders, Daniel Lecoanet, Matteo Cantiello, Keaton J Burns, Benjamin A Hyatt, Emma Kaufman, Richard H D Townsend, Benjamin P Brown, Geoffrey M Vasil, Jeffrey S Oishi, Adam S Jermyn
Massive stars die in catastrophic explosions that seed the interstellar medium with heavy elements and produce neutron stars and black holes. Predictions of the explosion's character and the remnant mass depend on models of the star's evolutionary history. Models of massive star interiors can be empirically constrained by asteroseismic observations of gravity wave oscillations. Recent photometric observations reveal a ubiquitous red noise signal on massive main sequence stars; a hypothesized source of this noise is gravity waves driven by core convection...
2023: Nature Astronomy
#39
EDITORIAL
Paul Shapshak
Discovering habitable exoplanets and exomoons increases the possibility of detecting extraterrestrial life. A bilateral approach, using neutrino and electromagnetic (EM) radiation technologies, can be used to simultaneously characterize star types that generally have exoplanets and exomoons. This includes cool main-sequence, sub-giant, and red-giant stars. Additionally, supernovae, black holes, and neutron and dwarf stars, will be included to widen the investigation, since they sometimes have companions, including stars and planets...
2023: Bioinformation
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dion Noordhuis, Anirudh Prabhu, Samuel J Witte, Alexander Y Chen, Fábio Cruz, Christoph Weniger
Axions can be copiously produced in localized regions of neutron star magnetospheres where the ambient plasma is unable to efficiently screen the induced electric field. As these axions stream away from the neutron star they can resonantly transition into photons, generating a large broadband contribution to the neutron star's intrinsic radio flux. In this Letter, we develop a comprehensive end-to-end framework to model this process from the initial production of axions to the final detection of radio photons, and derive constraints on the axion-photon coupling, g_{aγγ}, using observations of 27 nearby pulsars...
September 15, 2023: Physical Review Letters
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