Use the keywords feature with a free QxMD account.
Use Read by QxMD to access full text via your institution or open access sources.
Read also provides personalized recommendations to keep you up to date in your field.
Existing User
Sign InNew to Read
Sign Up#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sotatsu Otabe, Wataru Usukura, Kaido Suzuki, Kentaro Komori, Yuta Michimura, Ken-Ichi Harada, Kentaro Somiya
We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of enhanced optical springs using the optical Kerr effect. A nonlinear optical crystal is inserted into a Fabry-Perot cavity with a movable mirror, and a chain of second-order nonlinear optical effects in the phase-mismatched condition induces the Kerr effect. The optical spring constant is enhanced by a factor of 1.6±0.1 over linear theory. To our knowledge, this is the first realization of optomechanical coupling enhancement using a nonlinear optical effect, which has been theoretically investigated to overcome the performance limitations of linear optomechanical systems...
April 5, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ósmar Rodríguez, Ehud Nakar, Dan Maoz
The luminosity of stripped-envelope supernovae, a common type of stellar explosion, is believed to be mainly driven by the radioactive decay of the nickel synthesized in the explosion and carried in its ejecta. Additional possible energy sources have been previously suggested1-5 , in which the two most observationally based results have been from a comparison of the observed time-weighted luminosity with the inferred radioactive power1 and from a comparison of the light curves with particular theoretical models3 ...
April 17, 2024: Nature
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhao Meng, Lucas Löser, Kay Saalwächter, Urs Gasser, Harm-Anton Klok
The preparation of polymer gels via cross-linking of four-arm star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) precursors is an attractive strategy to prepare networks with relatively well-defined topologies. Typically, Tetra-PEG gels are obtained by cross-linking heterocomplementary reactive Tetra-PEG precursors. This study, in contrast, explores the cross-linking of self-reactive, thiol-end functional Tetra-PEG macromers to form disulfide-cross-linked gels. The structure of the disulfide-cross-linked Tetra-PEG gels was studied with multiple-quantum NMR (MQ-NMR) spectroscopy and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments...
April 9, 2024: Macromolecules
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James W Gardner, Tuvia Gefen, Simon A Haine, Joseph J Hope, Yanbei Chen
Sensing a classical signal using a linear quantum device is a pervasive application of quantum-enhanced measurement. The fundamental precision limits of linear waveform estimation, however, are not fully understood. In certain cases, there is an unexplained gap between the known waveform-estimation quantum Cramér-Rao bound and the optimal sensitivity from quadrature measurement of the outgoing mode from the device. We resolve this gap by establishing the fundamental precision limit, the waveform-estimation Holevo Cramér-Rao bound, and how to achieve it using a nonstationary measurement...
March 29, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tobias W J Jarrett, Carsten Svaneborg
Analysis of small-angle scattering (SAS) data requires intensive modeling to infer and characterize the structures present in a sample. This iterative improvement of models is a time-consuming process. Presented here is Scattering Equation Builder ( SEB ), a C++ library that derives exact analytic expressions for the form factors of complex composite structures. The user writes a small program that specifies how the sub-units should be linked to form a composite structure and calls SEB to obtain an expression for the form factor...
April 1, 2024: Journal of Applied Crystallography
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Amaducci, N Colonna, L Cosentino, S Cristallo, P Finocchiaro, M Krtička, C Massimi, M Mastromarco, A Mazzone, E A Maugeri, A Mengoni, I U Roederer, O Straniero, S Valenta, D Vescovi, O Aberle, V Alcayne, J Andrzejewski, L Audouin, V Babiano-Suarez, M Bacak, M Barbagallo, S Bennett, E Berthoumieux, J Billowes, D Bosnar, A Brown, M Busso, M Caamaño, L Caballero-Ontanaya, F Calviño, M Calviani, D Cano-Ott, A Casanovas, F Cerutti, E Chiaveri, G Cortés, M A Cortés-Giraldo, L A Damone, P J Davies, M Diakaki, M Dietz, C Domingo-Pardo, R Dressler, Q Ducasse, E Dupont, I Durán, Z Eleme, B Fernández-Domínguez, A Ferrari, V Furman, K Göbel, R Garg, A Gawlik-Ramięga, S Gilardoni, I F Gonçalves, E González-Romero, C Guerrero, F Gunsing, H Harada, S Heinitz, J Heyse, D G Jenkins, A Junghans, F Käppeler, Y Kadi, A Kimura, I Knapová, M Kokkoris, Y Kopatch, D Kurtulgil, I Ladarescu, C Lederer-Woods, H Leeb, J Lerendegui-Marco, S J Lonsdale, D Macina, A Manna, T Martínez, A Masi, P Mastinu, E Mendoza, V Michalopoulou, P M Milazzo, F Mingrone, J Moreno-Soto, A Musumarra, A Negret, R Nolte, F Ogállar, A Oprea, N Patronis, A Pavlik, J Perkowski, C Petrone, L Piersanti, E Pirovano, I Porras, J Praena, J M Quesada, D Ramos-Doval, T Rauscher, R Reifarth, D Rochman, C Rubbia, M Sabaté-Gilarte, A Saxena, P Schillebeeckx, D Schumann, A Sekhar, A G Smith, N V Sosnin, P Sprung, A Stamatopoulos, G Tagliente, J L Tain, A Tarifeño-Saldivia, L Tassan-Got, Th Thomas, P Torres-Sánchez, A Tsinganis, J Ulrich, S Urlass, G Vannini, V Variale, P Vaz, A Ventura, V Vlachoudis, R Vlastou, A Wallner, P J Woods, T Wright, P Žugec
^{140}Ce(n,γ) is a key reaction for slow neutron-capture (s-process) nucleosynthesis due to being a bottleneck in the reaction flow. For this reason, it was measured with high accuracy (uncertainty ≈5%) at the n_TOF facility, with an unprecedented combination of a high purity sample and low neutron-sensitivity detectors. The measured Maxwellian averaged cross section is up to 40% higher than previously accepted values. Stellar model calculations indicate a reduction around 20% of the s-process contribution to the Galactic cerium abundance and smaller sizeable differences for most of the heavier elements...
March 22, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giacomo Marmorini, Shigehiro Yasui, Muneto Nitta
Neutron stars or pulsars are very rapidly rotating compact stars with extremely high density. One of the unsolved long-standing problems of these enigmatic celestial bodies is the origin of pulsars' glitches, i.e., the sudden rapid deceleration in the rotation speed of neutron stars. Although many glitch events have been reported, there is no consensus on the microscopic mechanism responsible for them. One of the important characterizations of the glitches is the scaling law <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...
April 3, 2024: Scientific Reports
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas D Russell, Nathalie Degenaar, Jakob van den Eijnden, Thomas Maccarone, Alexandra J Tetarenko, Celia Sánchez-Fernández, James C A Miller-Jones, Erik Kuulkers, Melania Del Santo
Relativistic jets are observed from accreting and cataclysmic transients throughout the Universe, and have a profound impact on their surroundings1,2 . Despite their importance, their launch mechanism is not known. For accreting neutron stars, the speed of their compact jets can reveal whether the jets are powered by magnetic fields anchored in the accretion flow3 or in the star itself4,5 , but so far no such measurements exist. These objects can show bright explosions on their surface due to unstable thermonuclear burning of recently accreted material, called type-I X-ray bursts6 , during which the mass-accretion rate increases7-9 ...
March 2024: Nature
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Diamond, D Fiorillo, G Marques-Tavares, I Tamborra, E Vitagliano
The metastable hypermassive neutron star produced in the coalescence of two neutron stars can copiously produce axions that radiatively decay into O(100) MeV photons. These photons can form a fireball with characteristic temperature smaller than 1 MeV. By relying on x-ray observations of GW170817/GRB 170817A with CALET CGBM, Konus-Wind, and Insight-HXMT/HE, we present new bounds on the axion-photon coupling for axion masses in the range 1-400 MeV. We exclude couplings down to 5×10^{-11} GeV^{-1}, complementing and surpassing existing constraints...
March 8, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P S Bhupal Dev, Jean-François Fortin, Steven P Harris, Kuver Sinha, Yongchao Zhang
We use multimessenger observations of the neutron star merger event GW170817 to derive new constraints on axionlike particles (ALPs) coupling to photons. ALPs are produced via Primakoff and photon coalescence processes in the merger, escape the remnant, and decay back into two photons, giving rise to a photon signal approximately along the line of sight to the merger. We analyze the spectral and temporal information of the ALP-induced photon signal and use the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) observations of GW170817 to derive our new ALP constraints...
March 8, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jamee Elder
In this paper I discuss the first "multi-messenger" observations of a binary neutron star merger and kilonova. These observations, touted as "revolutionary," included both gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations of a single source. I draw on analogies between astrophysics and historical sciences (e.g., paleontology) to explain the significance of this for (gravitational-wave) astrophysics. In particular, I argue that having independent lines of evidence about a target system enables the use of argumentative strategies-the "Sherlock Holmes" method and consilience-that help overcome the key challenges astrophysics faces as an observational and historical science...
March 20, 2024: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonas P Pereira, Carlos H Coimbra-Araújo, Rita C Dos Anjos, Jaziel G Coelho
Binary coalescences are known sources of gravitational waves (GWs) and they encompass combinations of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). Here we show that when BHs are embedded in magnetic fields (B's) larger than approximately 10^{10} G, charged particles colliding around their event horizons can easily have center-of-mass energies in the range of ultrahigh energies (≳10^{18} eV) and become more likely to escape. Such B-embedding and high-energy particles can take place in BH-NS binaries, or even in BH-BH binaries with one of the BHs being charged (with charge-to-mass ratios as small as 10^{-5}, which do not change GW waveforms) and having a residual accretion disk...
March 1, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shoichi Yamada, Hiroki Nagakura, Ryuichiro Akaho, Akira Harada, Shun Furusawa, Wakana Iwakami, Hirotada Okawa, Hideo Matsufuru, Kohsuke Sumiyoshi
The current understanding of the mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), one of the most energetic events in the universe associated with the death of massive stars and the main formation channel of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes, is reviewed for broad readers from different disciplines of science who may not be familiar with the object. Therefore, we emphasize the physical aspects than the results of individual model simulations, although large-scale high-fidelity simulations have played the most important roles in the progress we have witnessed in the past few decades...
2024: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Fransson, M J Barlow, P J Kavanagh, J Larsson, O C Jones, B Sargent, M Meixner, P Bouchet, T Temim, G S Wright, J A D L Blommaert, N Habel, A S Hirschauer, J Hjorth, L Lenkić, T Tikkanen, R Wesson, A Coulais, O D Fox, R Gastaud, A Glasse, J Jaspers, O Krause, R M Lau, O Nayak, A Rest, L Colina, E F van Dishoeck, M Güdel, Th Henning, P-O Lagage, G Östlin, T P Ray, B Vandenbussche
The nearby Supernova 1987A was accompanied by a burst of neutrino emission, which indicates that a compact object (a neutron star or black hole) was formed in the explosion. There has been no direct observation of this compact object. In this work, we observe the supernova remnant with JWST spectroscopy, finding narrow infrared emission lines of argon and sulfur. The line emission is spatially unresolved and blueshifted in velocity relative to the supernova rest frame. We interpret the lines as gas illuminated by a source of ionizing photons located close to the center of the expanding ejecta...
February 23, 2024: Science
#15
Daniel Clery
NASA's JWST telescope spots fluorescing gas inflamed by surviving neutron star.
February 23, 2024: Science
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole Vassh, Xilu Wang, Maude Larivière, Trevor Sprouse, Matthew R Mumpower, Rebecca Surman, Zhenghai Liu, Gail C McLaughlin, Pavel Denissenkov, Falk Herwig
We demonstrate that the well-known 2.6 MeV gamma-ray emission line from thallium-208 could serve as a real-time indicator of astrophysical heavy element production, with both rapid (r) and intermediate (i) neutron capture processes capable of its synthesis. We consider the r process in a Galactic neutron star merger and show Tl-208 to be detectable from ∼12 hours to ∼ten days, and again ∼1-20 years postevent. Detection of Tl-208 represents the only identified prospect for a direct signal of lead production (implying gold synthesis), arguing for the importance of future MeV telescope missions which aim to detect Galactic events but may also be able to reach some nearby galaxies in the Local Group...
February 2, 2024: Physical Review Letters
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aliaksei Aliakseyeu, Parin Purvin Shah, John F Ankner, Svetlana A Sukhishvili
This study explores the effect of salt on the diffusivity of polyelectrolytes of varied molecular architecture in layer-by-layer (LbL) films in directions parallel and perpendicular to the substrate using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and neutron reflectivity (NR) techniques, respectively. A family of linear, 4-arm, 6-arm, and 8-arm poly(methacrylic acids) ( L PMAA, 4PMAA, 6PMAA, and 8PMAA, respectively) of matched molecular weights were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization and assembled with a linear polycation, poly[2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl methacrylate chloride] (QPC)...
July 25, 2023: Macromolecules
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chin-Ping Hu, Takuto Narita, Teruaki Enoto, George Younes, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Matthew G Baring, Wynn C G Ho, Sebastien Guillot, Paul S Ray, Tolga Güver, Kaustubh Rajwade, Zaven Arzoumanian, Chryssa Kouveliotou, Alice K Harding, Keith C Gendreau
Magnetars are neutron stars with extremely high magnetic fields (≳1014 gauss) that exhibit various X-ray phenomena such as sporadic subsecond bursts, long-term persistent flux enhancements and variable rotation-period derivative1,2 . In 2020, a fast radio burst (FRB), akin to cosmological millisecond-duration radio bursts, was detected from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 (refs. 3-5 ), confirming the long-suspected association between some FRBs and magnetars. However, the mechanism for FRB generation in magnetars remains unclear...
February 2024: Nature
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Barbara Farias-Mancilla, Arianna Balestri, Junliang Zhang, Henrich Frielinghaus, Debora Berti, Costanza Montis, Mathias Destarac, Ulrich S Schubert, Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez, Simon Harrisson, Barbara Lonetti
HYPOTHESIS: There is a lack of understanding of the interplay between the copolymer composition profile and thermal transition observed in aqueous solutions of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) copolymers, as well as the correlation between this transition and the formation and structure of copolymer self-assemblies. EXPERIMENTS: For this purpose, we investigated the response of five copolymers with the same molar mass and chemical composition, but with different composition profile in aqueous solution against temperature...
February 5, 2024: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dhruvi Patel, Payal Vaswani, Debes Ray, Dhiraj Bhatia, Vinod K Aswal, Ketan Kuperkar, Pratap Bahadur
Self-assembly of ethylene oxide (EO)-propylene oxide (PO)-based star-shaped block copolymers (BCPs) in the presence of different kinds of additives is investigated in an aqueous solution environment. Commercially available four-armed BCPs, namely Tetronics® (normal: T904 with EO as the terminal end block; and reverse: T90R4 with PO as the terminal end block), each with 40%EO, are used. The effect of various additives such as electrolytes (NaCl and Na2 SO4 ), nonelectrolyte polyols (glucose and sorbitol), and ionic surfactants ( viz...
February 5, 2024: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics: PCCP
Make the most of Read.
Download the mobile app.
Download the mobile app.
Fetching more papers... 
