Tarsal

Transarticular external skeletal fixation (TESF) is repeatedly used for temporary stabilisation of tarsal joint in cats. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the use of temporary modified type II TESF for management of talocrural instability (TCI) in cats without joint arthrodesis and to rate short-term outcomes and complications. Medical records of all cats treated for TCI between January 2012 and December 2021 were reviewed. Information was collected including signalment, degree of lameness, type of TCI, accompanying soft tissue and bone injuries, and post-operative follow-up assessment including time of frame removal, complications, degree of lameness, range of joint motion and ankylosis...

The reconstruction of posterior lamellar eyelid defects remains a significant challenge in clinical practice due to anatomical complexity, specialized function, and aesthetic concerns. The ideal substitute for the posterior lamellar should replicate the native tarsoconjunctival tissue, providing both mechanical support for the eyelids and a smooth surface for the globe after implantation. In this study, we present an innovative approach utilizing tissue-engineered cartilage (TEC) grafts generated from rabbit auricular chondrocytes and a commercialized type I collagen sponge to reconstruct critical-sized posterior lamellar defects in rabbits...

Historical, nomenclatural, technical, and biological problems associated with the 42 species of Mesothrips are discussed. Type specimens have been re-examined of 14 of the 25 species that were described prior to 1930 and remain known only from imperfectly slide-mounted specimens. As a result, seven new synonyms are recognised. From China, six species of Mesothrips have been listed, but the records of M.alluaudi and M.manii are rejected, and three new species are described: M.jianfengi sp. nov. , M.longistylus sp...

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Multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis syndrome (MCTO) is a rare skeletal disorder characterized by progressive osteolysis involving the carpal and tarsal bones, and often associated with nephropathy. It is caused by heterozygous mutation in the MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB) gene. Heterogeneous clinical manifestation and wide spectrum of disease severity have been observed in patients with MCTO. Here, we report a case of a male patient who presented with kidney failure in childhood with progressive disabling skeletal deformity...

Tarsal coalition occurs in 1% of the population and represents a congenital failure of segmentation in two or more tarsal bones. It most commonly occurs at the talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular joint. Although commonly asymptomatic, it may present with pain, rigidity, and pes planus. Cubonavicular, multiple synchronous, and bilateral coalitions are rare but an awareness is required to ensure accurate diagnosis and management. In this article, we presented the first reported case (to the best of our knowledge) of bilateral cubonavicular coalition with synchronous talocalcaneal coalition and stress response within the intermediate cuneiform...

The house fly, Musca domestica L., is a significant human and livestock pest. Experiments used female adult house flies glued onto toothpicks for controlled exposure of their tarsi alone (tarsal assay) or their tarsi and proboscis (proboscis assay) with a sucrose solution containing imidacloprid at either a low (10 µg/mL) or high (4000 µg/mL) concentration. Proboscis extension response (PER) assays were used to characterize the response of imidacloprid-susceptible and behaviorally resistant house fly strains to contact with sucrose solutions containing either a low or high concentration of imidacloprid...

Many insects are able to walk vertically or upside down on both hard and soft surfaces. In beetles such as the ladybird ( Coccinella septempunctata ), intermolecular forces between tarsal setae on the footpads of the insects make this movement possible. In prior work, adhesion structures made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) that mimic the action of the tarsal setae have been developed. It is proposed that these adhesion structures could be attached to a simplified version of the leg of a ladybird and used in practical applications...

Gripping, holding, and moving objects are among the main functional purposes of robots. Ever since automation first took hold in society, optimizing these functions has been of high priority, and a multitude of approaches has been taken to enable cheaper, more reliable, and more versatile gripping. Attempts are ongoing to reduce grippers' weight, energy consumption, and production and maintenance costs while simultaneously improving their reliability, the range of eligible objects, working loads, and environmental independence...

BACKGROUND: Calcaneonavicular (CNC) and talocalcaneal (TCC) coalitions are the most common cause of rigid flatfoot in children. After resection, correction of the most frequent valgus-hindfoot deformity usually requires a second-step surgery. We report results of a retrospective study of patients treated with a one-step correction. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2019, data were collected on 26 patients (19 male, 7 female) affected by CNC (n = 18) and TCC (n = 13), all with rigid symptomatic flatfeet...

This case series aimed to describe a new technique for correcting contractures and deformities that reliably addresses lacrimal punctum deviation and severe cicatricial lower eyelid ectropion. This was a technical description and a retrospective interventional case series. Eyelid ectropion and lacrimal punctum deviation were treated surgically by grafting the fascia lata and suturing the tarsus-Horner muscle. In total, three patients underwent this surgery: one for burns, one for lower eyelid tumor resection, and the other for an orbital floor fracture following a motorcycle accident, all resulting in ectropion...

The differential diagnosis for heel pain is broad but primarily involves abnormalities of the Achilles tendon, calcaneus, and plantar fascia. Achilles tendon disorders include tendinosis, tendinitis, and partial or complete tears. Tendinosis refers to tendon degeneration, while tendinitis is inflammation after acute overload. Untreated tendinosis can progress to partial or complete tears. Tendon disorders can be accompanied by paratenonitis or inflammation of the loose sheath enclosing the tendon. Initial management involves rehabilitation and image-guided procedures...

The formation of complex three-dimensional organs during development requires the precise coordination between patterning networks and mechanical forces. In particular, tissue folding is a crucial process that relies on a combination of local and tissue-wide mechanical forces. Here, we investigate the contribution of cell proliferation to epithelial morphogenesis using the Drosophila leg tarsal folds as a model. We reveal that tissue-wide compression forces generated by cell proliferation, in coordination with Notch signaling pathway, are essential for the formation of epithelial folds in precise locations along the proximo-distal axis of the leg...

In regard to the complex anatomical relationship of peripheral nerves and muscles, tendons, fasciae as well as their long course within those anatomical structures and additional close contact to bony structures, they are prone to suffer from local compression syndromes. Hence creating a vast majority of entrapment syndromes - well described in literature for almost every single nerve. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of symptoms, signs, diagnostic studies and treatment options, addressing especially the less known syndromes...

BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of diagnosing tarsal tunnel syndrome with an electrodiagnostic study is just over 50%. Given this low reliability, many surgeons prefer to make a diagnosis solely from a physical examination, despite reported electrodiagnostic findings. Thus, to understand the clinical ramifications between these 2 methods of diagnosis, this investigation compared the postoperative outcomes following a tarsal tunnel release between patients with positive and negative preoperative electrodiagnosis (EDx)...

BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of os supranaviculare (OSSN) is generally low, symptomatic OSSN affects athletes. The aim of this study was to assess the variations of OSSN and the results of osteosynthesis between the OSSN and the navicular bone. METHODS: Eleven feet of 10 elite athletes with symptomatic OSSN were treated. There were 3 male and 7 female patients with an average age of 19 years. Eight feet exhibited navicular stress fracture (NSF). Operative treatment was performed in 9 feet of 8 patients and 2 conservatively...

BACKGROUND: The invasion patterns and long-term outcomes of diffuse tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TSGCT) of the ankle joint remain unclear. METHODS: Seven patients who visited our department between 2011 and 2023 and were diagnosed with D-TSGCT of the ankle joint by contrast-enhanced MRI and a pathological diagnosis were included. The invasion patterns of ankle D-TSGCT on MRI were investigated. The recurrence rate and clinical symptoms were examined in five patients followed up for more than seven years after total resection...

The shape of the talus, its internal structure, and its mechanical properties are important in determining talar behavior during loading, which may be significant for the design of surgical tools and implants. Although recent studies using statistical shape modeling have described quantitative talar external shape variation, no similar quantitative study exists to describe the density distribution of internal talar structure. The goal of this study is to quantify statistical variation in talar shape and density to benefit the design of talar implants...

Cubanthonomus Anderson, new genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae: Anthonomini) is here described to accommodate the Cuban species Cleogonus grossulus Suffrian, which was previously placed as incertae sedis within Cleogonini. The genus is characterized by head constricted behind the eyes, globose form, compact antennal funicle of seven antennomeres, base of pronotum strongly produced posteriorly at middle, elytra with rows of punctures (striae effaced), tarsal claws with small basal tooth, profemora with two teeth, meso- and metafemora with single small tooth...

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is a nerve entrapment of the posterior tibial nerve. This uncommon condition frequently goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed even though it interferes with the daily activities of workers. Here we discuss the return to work status of a 37-year-old male patient who manages a manufacturing plant. He was identified as having Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome as a result of a foot abnormality and improper shoe wear. He had moderate pes planus and underwent tarsal tunnel release on his right foot. What are the determinant factors in defining a patient's status for returning to work after a tarsal tunnel release? We conducted a literature review using PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane...