keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290272/heat-stability-of-foodborne-viruses-findings-methodological-challenges-and-current-developments
#21
REVIEW
Reimar Johne, Johannes Scholz, Alexander Falkenhagen
Heat treatment of food represents an important measure to prevent pathogen transmission. Thus far, evaluation of heat treatment processes is mainly based on data from bacteria. However, foodborne viruses have gained increasing attention during the last decades. Here, the published literature on heat stability and inactivation of human norovirus (NoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was reviewed. Data for surrogate viruses were not included. As stability assessment for foodborne viruses is often hampered by missing infectivity assays, an overview of applied methods is also presented...
January 25, 2024: International Journal of Food Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278704/in-house-rt-pcr-detection-of-hepatitis-a-virus-in-human-plasma-pools-used-for-the-manufacture-of-medicinal-products
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luciana Sampieri, Gonzalo Rodríguez-Lombardi, María Eugenia Bernardi
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most frequent cause of viral hepatitis worldwide and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. However, HAV can also be transmitted by blood-derived products. This is due to the fact that viremia occurs during the asymptomatic phase of HAV infection, enabling infected blood or plasma donations to occur. Viral inactivation/removal steps are included during manufacturing of plasmaderived products. However, HAV is a small non-enveloped virus very difficult to remove with traditional viral inactivation procedures...
January 12, 2024: Transfusion and Apheresis Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38262124/meta-analysis-of-the-prevalence-of-norovirus-and-hepatitis-a-virus-in-berries
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camila Miotti, Marcelo Lisandro Signorini, Juan Martín Oteiza, Verónica Emilse Prez, Patricia Angélica Barril
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) stand as the predominant agents associated with viral foodborne infections. Outbreaks have been documented to be caused by various types of food items, including fresh and/or frozen berries. Comprehensive data concerning crucial viral pathogens in berries remain limited and are not currently available in aggregate form. Consequently, the present study aimed to compile the existing information regarding the prevalence of NoV and HAV in this matrix. Records of foodborne viruses were systematically extracted from database repositories up to December 2022, adhering to PRISMA standards and were subjected to a multilevel random effect meta-analysis model to determine the mean occurrence rate of NoV and HAV...
January 17, 2024: International Journal of Food Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38258394/crispr-activation-as-a-platform-to-identify-interferon-stimulated-genes-with-anti-viral-function
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily N Kirby, Xavier B Montin, Timothy P Allen, Jaslan Densumite, Brooke N Trowbridge, Michael R Beard
Interferon Stimulated Gene (ISG) expression plays a key role in the control of viral replication and development of a robust adaptive response. Understanding this dynamic relationship between the pathogen and host is critical to our understanding of viral life-cycles and development of potential novel anti-viral strategies. Traditionally, plasmid based exogenous prompter driven expression of ISGs has been used to investigate anti-viral ISG function, however there are deficiencies in this approach. To overcome this, we investigated the utility of CRISPR activation (CRISPRa), which allows for targeted transcriptional activation of a gene from its endogenous promoter...
January 23, 2024: Innate Immunity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38257740/use-of-capsid-integrity-qpcr-for-detecting-viral-capsid-integrity-in-wastewater
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica L Kevill, Kata Farkas, Nicola Ridding, Nicholas Woodhall, Shelagh K Malham, Davey L Jones
Quantifying viruses in wastewater via RT-qPCR provides total genomic data but does not indicate the virus capsid integrity or the potential risk for human infection. Assessing virus capsid integrity in sewage is important for wastewater-based surveillance, since discharged effluent may pose a public health hazard. While integrity assays using cell cultures can provide this information, they require specialised laboratories and expertise. One solution to overcome this limitation is the use of photo-reactive monoazide dyes (e...
December 26, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38226743/centrifugal-microfluidic-system-for-colorimetric-sample-to-answer-detection-of-viral-pathogens
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthias Geissler, Daniel Brassard, Nadine Adam, Neda Nasheri, Ana Victoria C Pilar, Kyle Tapp, Liviu Clime, Caroline Miville-Godin, Maxence Mounier, Christina Nassif, Ljuboje Lukic, Lidija Malic, Nathalie Corneau, Teodor Veres
We describe a microfluidic system for conducting thermal lysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, hybridization, and colorimetric detection of foodborne viral organisms in a sample-to-answer format. The on-chip protocol entails 24 steps which are conducted by a centrifugal platform that allows for actuating liquids pneumatically during rotation and so facilitates automation of the workflow. The microfluidic cartridge is fabricated from transparent thermoplastic polymers and accommodates assay components along with an embedded micropillar array for detection and read-out...
January 16, 2024: Lab on a Chip
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38225087/v-atpase-e-mediates-cry2ab-binding-and-toxicity-in-helicoverpa-armigera
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuge Zhao, Pin Li, Xue Yao, Yuepu Li, Yu Tian, Guiying Xie, Zhongyuan Deng, Shuxia Xu, Jizhen Wei, Xianchun Li, Shiheng An
Cry2Ab is one of the important alternative Bt proteins that can be used to manage insect pests resistant to Cry1A toxins and to expand the insecticidal spectrum of pyramided Bt crops. Previous studies have showed that vacuolar H+ -ATPase subunits A and B (V-ATPase A and B) may be involved in Bt insecticidal activities. The present study investigated the role of V-ATPases subunit E in the toxicity of Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa amigera. RT-PCR analysis revealed that oral exposure of H. amigera larvae to Cry2Ab led to a significant reduction in the expression of H...
January 2024: Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38224033/prevalence-of-viral-hepatitis-a-b-c-and-e-infection-and-co-infection-among-hospitalized-children-in-cairo-egypt
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enas Mostafa, Reem El-Shenawy, Ashraf Tabll, Sahar Shoman
Viral hepatitis is considered a public health issue facing the entire world. The World Health Organization encouraged all countries to work together to eliminate this fatal infection and achieve the 2030 agenda. The present study aimed to investigate the silent infection of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, and E) among hospitalized children in Cairo, Egypt, to control and avoid chronic infection early on. This cross-sectional study included 184 randomly selected hospitalized children from three different hospitals in Cairo, Egypt...
January 2024: Egyptian Journal of Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38220389/the-genomic-landscape-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-insights-from-nutrigenomics
#29
REVIEW
Yashar Vaziri
Chronic obstructivе pulmonary disеasе (COPD), a rеspiratory disеasе, is influenced by a combination of gеnеtic and еnvironmеntal factors. Thе fiеld of nutrigеnomics, which studiеs thе intеrplay bеtwееn diеt and gеnеs, provides valuable insights into thе gеnomic landscapе of COPD and its implications for production and managеmеnt. This rеviеw providеs a comprеhеnsivе ovеrviеw of thе gеnеtic aspеcts of COPD and thе rolе of nutrigеnomics in advancing our undеrstanding of thе undеrlying mеchanisms...
February 2024: Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38203503/crispr-cas9-as-a-new-antiviral-strategy-for-treating-hepatitis-viral-infections
#30
REVIEW
Ulyana I Bartosh, Anton S Dome, Natalya V Zhukova, Polina E Karitskaya, Grigory A Stepanov
Hepatitis is an inflammatory liver disease primarily caused by hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV), D (HDV), and E (HEV) viruses. The chronic forms of hepatitis resulting from HBV and HCV infections can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while acute hepatitis can lead to acute liver failure, sometimes resulting in fatality. Viral hepatitis was responsible for over 1 million reported deaths annually. The treatment of hepatitis caused by viral infections currently involves the use of interferon-α (IFN-α), nucleoside inhibitors, and reverse transcriptase inhibitors (for HBV)...
December 26, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38198031/foodborne-viruses-and-somatic-coliphages-occurrence-in-fresh-produce-at-retail-from-northern-mexico
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Axel Ossio, Fernanda Flores-Rodríguez, Norma Heredia, Santos García, Jose Angel Merino-Mascorro
Foodborne disease outbreaks linked to consumption of vegetables have been often attributed to human enteric viruses, such as Norovirus (NoV), Hepatitis A virus (HAV), and Rotavirus (RoV). Information about the occurrence of these viruses is scarce in many fresh-producing countries. Viral contamination detection of indicators, such as somatic coliphages, could indirectly reflect the presence of viral pathogens, being a valuable tool for better viral risk assessment in food industry. This study aimed to establish the occurrence and correlation of foodborne viruses and somatic coliphages in leafy greens in northern Mexico...
January 10, 2024: Food and Environmental Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38192618/delays-in-hepatitis-a-vaccination-in-people-with-hiv-in-houston-texas-between-2010-and-2018
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily T Ciocca, Kristen A Staggers, Jennifer Carey, Antone R Opekun, F Blaine Hollinger, Wendy A Keitel, Robert L Atmar, Hana M El Sahly, Jennifer A Whitaker
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated low hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination rates among persons with HIV (PWH). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of persons entering HIV care at two clinics in Houston, Texas between 2010 and 2018. We defined those eligible for HAV vaccination as those who had no history of HAV vaccination and had a negative anti-HAV IgG at entry to care. Kaplan-Meier curves summarized time to receipt of HAV vaccines. The proportions of patients who received 1 and 2 HAV vaccines at 6, 12, and 24 months were estimated...
January 2024: Vaccine: X
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38162057/-effect-of-sleep-deprivation-on-the-metabolism-of-hippocampal-amino-acids-and-monoamine-neurotransmitters-in-mice-and-their-behaviors
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Liang, Ziwei Hou, Lei Chen, Yuhan Wang, Kexiu Hua, Yiming Sun
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on the metabolism of the hippocampal region in mice. METHODS: The mice were randomly assigned to three groups, a control group, a 24-h sleep deprivation (SD) group, and a 48-h SD group. Each group had 10 mice. The sleep deprivation model was induced by the modified multiple platform method. The mice's anxiety-like behaviors were assessed with the open field test (OFT) and their depression-like behaviors were assessed with the sucrose preference test (SPT), the forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST)...
November 20, 2023: Sichuan da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban, Journal of Sichuan University. Medical Science Edition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38161852/unusual-causes-of-jaundice-a-diagnostic-challenge
#34
Amiya Ranjan, Manish Kumar, Ashok Sunder, Zaid Nafe
This case report discusses a complex medical scenario involving a 25-year-old female patient initially diagnosed with acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) who later developed symptoms indicative of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The transition from uncomplicated HAV to impending subacute hepatic failure and autoimmune overlap syndrome highlights the importance of vigilant monitoring and a comprehensive diagnostic approach. The patient's medical evaluation revealed autoantibodies, elevated IgG levels, and liver biopsy findings consistent with steatohepatitis...
November 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38143000/detection-of-human-enteric-viruses-in-fresh-produce-of-markets-farms-and-surface-water-used-for-irrigation-in-the-tehran-iran
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maedeh Rafieepoor, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Mohammad Tanhaei, Mahsa Saeedi Niasar, Shabnam Kazemian, Matthew D Moore, Mohammad Reza Zali
Considering the major role of vegetables in the transmission of gastrointestinal diseases, investigation of the presence of gastrointestinal viruses is particularly important for public health. Additionally, monitoring and investigating potential points of contamination at various stages of cultivation, harvesting, and distribution can be important in identifying the sources of transmission. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying norovirus, adenovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, and astroviruses in vegetable samples from the fields and fruit and vegetable centers of Tehran City, and to investigate their presence in irrigation water by RT-qPCR...
December 22, 2023: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38140158/first-investigation-of-the-optimal-timing-of-vaccination-of-nile-tilapia-oreochromis-niloticus-larvae-against-streptococcus-agalactiae
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Benchawan Kumwan, Anurak Bunnoy, Satid Chatchaiphan, Pattanapon Kayansamruaj, Ha Thanh Dong, Saengchan Senapin, Prapansak Srisapoome
To investigate early immune responses and explore the optimal vaccination periods, Nile tilapia at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after yolk sac collapse (DAYC) were immersed in formalin-killed Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine (FKV-SA). A specific IgM was first detected via ELISA in the 21 DAYC larvae (0.108 g) at 336 h after vaccination (hav), whereas in the 28-42 DAYC larvae (0.330-0.580 g), the specific IgM could be initially detected at 24 hav. qRT-PCR analysis of the TCRβ , CD4 , MHCIIα , IgHM , IgHT , and IgHD genes in 21-42 DAYC larvae immunized with the FKV-SA immersion route for 24, 168, and 336 hav revealed that the levels of most immune-related genes were significantly higher in the vaccinated larvae at all DAYCs than in the control larvae ( p < 0...
November 24, 2023: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38138042/high-incidence-of-acute-liver-failure-among-patients-in-egypt-coinfected-with-hepatitis-a-and-hepatitis-e-viruses
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Amal A Elkhawaga, Mona Sedky Hussein Ahmed, Ehsan M W El-Sabaa, Aliaa A Mosa, Ahmed Shawkat Abdelmohsen, Abdelmajeed M Moussa, Eman H Salama, Sahar Aboulfotuh, Ahmed M Ashmawy, Ahmed Ismail Seddik, Ibrahim M Sayed, Haidi Karam-Allah Ramadan
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are transmitted through the fecal-oral route. HAV outbreaks and one HEV outbreak have been reported in Egypt. However, the impact of HAV-HEV co-infection is not known. In this study, we assessed HEV markers in acute HAV-infected patients ( n = 57) enrolled in Assiut University hospitals. We found that 36.8% of HAV-infected patients were also positive for HEV markers (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA), while 63.2% of the patients were HAV mono-infected. Demographic and clinical criteria were comparable in both HAV mono-infected patients and HAV-HEV co-infected patients...
November 30, 2023: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38137872/point-of-care-testing-for-hepatitis-viruses-a-growing-need
#38
REVIEW
Matthew D Pauly, Lilia Ganova-Raeva
Viral hepatitis, caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), or hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a major global public health problem. These viruses cause millions of infections each year, and chronic infections with HBV, HCV, or HDV can lead to severe liver complications; however, they are underdiagnosed. Achieving the World Health Organization's viral hepatitis elimination goals by 2030 will require access to simpler, faster, and less expensive diagnostics...
November 28, 2023: Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38133289/dynamic-and-seasonal-distribution-of-enteric-viruses-in-surface-and-well-water-in-riyadh-saudi-arabia
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Islem Abid, Albert Blanco, Nawal Al-Otaibi, Susana Guix, Maria I Costafreda, Rosa M Pintó, Albert Bosch
Enteric viruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis and enteric hepatitis worldwide, but in some areas like Saudi Arabia, little is known about their presence in water sources. The available information from clinical samples is not enough to figure out their actual prevalence. The aim of this study was to gather information for the first time in Saudi Arabia on the presence of the Norovirus (NoV) genogroup GI and GII, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in water. For this purpose, thirteen monthly samples were collected from Lake Wadi Hanifa and surrounding wells from December 2014 to November 2015...
November 29, 2023: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38129061/disinfection-efficiency-of-chlorine-dioxide-and-peracetic-acid-against-mnv-1-and-hav-in-simulated-soil-rich-wash-water
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhaoqi Wang, Daseul Yeo, Hyojin Kwon, Yuan Zhang, Danbi Yoon, Soontag Jung, Md Iqbal Hossain, Myeong-In Jeong, Changsun Choi
Wash water from fresh vegetables and root vegetables is an important vehicle for foodborne virus transmission. However, there is lack of assessing rapid viral inactivation strategies in wash water characterized by a high soil content at the post-harvest stage. Considering the significance of food safety during the washing stage for fresh and root vegetable produce prior to marketing, we assessed the inactivation efficacy by using chlorine dioxide (ClO2 ) and peracetic acid (PAA) against a surrogate of human norovirus (murine norovirus 1, MNV-1) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), in wash water containing black soil and clay loam...
January 2024: Food Research International
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