Prostate cancer biomarker

BACKGROUND: In prostate cancer (PCa), well-established biomarkers such as MSI status, TMB high, and PDL1 expression serve as reliable indicators for favorable responses to immunotherapy. Recent studies have suggested a potential association between CDK12 mutations and immunotherapy response; however, the precise mechanisms through which CDK12 mutation may influence immune response remain unclear. A plausible explanation for immune evasion in this subset of CDK12-mutated PCa may be reduced MHC expression...

BACKGROUND: Being implicated during tumor migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and proliferation, the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) / -phosphate (NADP)-dependent dehydrogenase / reductase member 2 (DHRS2) has been considered to be induced upon inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACi). In this brief report, we evaluated the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of the (epi)genetic regulation of DHRS2, as well as its function during tumor progression. METHODS: DHRS2 was evaluated on mRNA- and protein-level upon treatment with HDACi by means of qRT-PCR and western blot analyses, respectively...

Meningiomas are the most common intracranial neoplasms in adults. While most meningiomas are cured by resection, further treatment by radiotherapy may be needed, particularly in WHO grade 2 and 3 tumors which have an increased risk of recurrence, even after conventional therapies. Still, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies after exhaustion of local treatment approaches. Radionuclide therapies combine the specificity of tumor-specific antibodies or ligands with the cytotoxic activity of radioactive emitters...

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging treatment alternative for patients with localized low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients. As already explored by some authors in the context of conventional moderate hypofractionated radiotherapy, focal boost of the index lesion defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with an improved biochemical outcome. The objective of this phase II trial is to determine the effectiveness (in terms of biochemical, morphological and functional control), the safety and impact on quality of life, of prostate SABR with MRI guided focal dose intensification in males with intermediate and high-risk localized prostate cancer...

In recent years, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has profoundly impacted the lives of many men, and early diagnosis of medication and illness is crucial. Therefore, a highly efficient detection method for CRPC biomarkers and curing drugs is required. However, the complex and diverse structures of CRPC drugs pose significant challenges for their detection and differentiation. Lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) show great potential for sensing applications due to their intense and characteristic luminescence...

BACKGROUND: Plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently garnered attention for their potential as stable biomarkers in the context of Prostate Cancer (PCa), demonstrating established associations with tumor grade, biochemical recurrence (BCR), and metastasis. This study seeks to assess the utility of plasma miRNAs as prognostic indicators for distinguishing between high-grade and low-grade PCa, and to explore their involvement in PCa pathogenesis. METHODOLOGY: We conducted miRNA profiling in both plasma and tissue specimens from patients with varying PCa grades...

INTRODUCTION: Within tumor microenvironment, the presence of preexisting antitumor CD8+ T Q7 cells have been shown to be associated with a favorable prognosis in most solid cancers. However, in the case of prostate cancer (PCa), they have been linked to a negative impact on prognosis. METHODS: To gain a deeper understanding of the contribution of infiltrating CD8+ T cells to poor prognosis in PCa, the infiltration levelsof CD8+ T cells were estimated using the TCGA PRAD (The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma dataset) and MSKCC (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) cohorts...

OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to revaluate the significant data from meta-analyses on genetic variations in immune mediators and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by Bayesian approaches. METHODS: We performed a search on the literature before September 5th, 2023, for meta-analytic studies on polymorphisms in immune mediator genes and the risk of PCa. Two Bayesian approaches were used to assess the level of noteworthiness in the meta-analytic data: the False-Positive Rate Probability (FPRP) and the Bayesian False Discovery Probability (BFDP) with a statistical power of 1...

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts that contain more than 200 nucleotides. Despite their inability to code proteins, multiple studies have identified their important role in human cancer through different mechanisms. LncRNA lysyl oxidase like 1 antisense RNA 1 (LOXL1-AS1), a newly discovered lncRNA located on human chromosome 15q24.1, has recently been shown to be involved in the occurrence and progression of various malignancies, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, breast cancer, glioma, thymic carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma...

BACKGROUND: Early prostatic cancer (PCa) diagnosis significantly improves the chances of successful treatment and enhances patient survival rates. Traditional enzyme cascade-based early cancer detection methods offer efficiency and signal amplification but are limited by cost, complexity, and enzyme dependency, affecting stability and practicality. Meanwhile, sarcosine (Sar) is commonly considered a biomarker for PCa development. It is essential to develop a Sar detection method based on cascade reactions, which should be efficient, low skill requirement, and suitable for on-site testing...

The primary benefit of prostate MRI in the modern diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer is that many men with elevated serum PSA can safely avoid an immediate biopsy if the MRI is nonsuspicious. It is less clear, though, how these patients should be followed thereafter. Are they to be followed the same as the general population, or do they warrant more attention because of the risk of a cancer missed on MRI? In this issue, Pylväläinen and colleagues report on incidence of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) and clinically insignificant PCa (ciPCa) among patients who were referred for prostate MRI for clinical suspicion of csPCa in Helsinki but had a nonsuspicious MRI (nMRI)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Automated measurement of immunostained samples can enable more convenient and objective prediction of treatment outcome from radiotherapy. We aimed to validate the performance of the QuPath image analysis software in immune cell markers detection by comparing QuPath cell counting results with those of physician manual cell counting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD8- and FoxP3-stained cervical, CD8-stained oropharyngeal, and Ku70-stained prostate cancer tumor sections were analyzed in 104 cervical, 92 oropharyngeal, and 58 prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy at our Institution...

OBJECTIVE: To provide an updated view on the role of cell-free DNA as a predictor of pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted from September 2023 to October 2023. Selected studies from the MEDLINE and clinical trial databases were critically analyzed regarding the clinical efficacy of cell-free DNA as a predictive instrument after neoadjuvant therapy in bladder cancer...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) develops slowly and lacks obvious symptoms in the early stage, which makes early screening and diagnosis difficult. Urine collection is simple and is an ideal source of biomarkers. In this study, we performed urinary proteomic studies in PCa patients to screen proteins and apply them to the non-invasive early diagnosis of PCa. METHOD: Urine samples from PCa patients, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and normal control group were collected...

The adoption of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System has significantly changed prostate cancer diagnosis and management. These advancements, alongside novel biomarkers and updated International Society of Uropathology grade groups, have improved cancer detection and prognostication. Despite this progress, varying levels of expertise in mpMRI among radiologists have resulted in inconsistent assessments, potentially leading to unnecessary procedures and diminished confidence in the modality...

Cancer stands as a prominent global cause of mortality, necessitating early detection to augment survival rates and alleviate economic burdens on healthcare systems. In particular, prostate cancer (PCa), impacting 1.41 million men globally in 2020, accentuates the demand for sensitive and cost-effective detection methods beyond traditional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. While clinical techniques exhibit limitations, biosensors emerge as compact, user-friendly alternatives to traditional laboratory approaches...

INTRODUCTION: The 2023 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, themed "Disrupting Prostate Cancer Research: Challenge Accepted," was convened at the University of California, Los Angeles, Luskin Conference Center, in Los Angeles, CA, from June 22 to 25, 2023. METHODS: The 2023 marked the 10th Annual CHPCA Meeting, a discussion-oriented scientific think-tank conference convened annually by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, which centers on innovative and emerging research topics deemed pivotal for advancing critical unmet needs in prostate cancer research and clinical care...

BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a biomarker and therapeutic target of high relevance in prostate cancer. Although upregulated PSMA expression is a well-documented feature of prostatic neoplasia in both humans and canids, to date humans are the only species known to express PSMA basally in the prostate. Thus, traditional laboratory animal species have limited utility for studying PSMA biology in the prostate or for predicting efficacy or toxicity of PSMA-targeted agents...

PURPOSE: To perform an extensive exploratory analysis to build a deeper insight into clinically relevant molecular biomarkers in Papillary, Follicular, and Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (PTC, FTC, ATC). METHODS: Thirteen Thyroid Cancer (THCA) datasets incorporating PTC, FTC, and ATC were derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Genes differentially expressed (DEGs) between THCA and normal were identified and subjected to GO and KEGG analyses. Multiple topological properties were harnessed and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify the hub genes followed by survival analysis and validation...

Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins essential for the regulation of gene expression, and they regulate the genes involved in different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Although their expression is essential in normal physiological conditions, abnormal regulation of TFs plays critical role in several diseases, including cancer. In prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, TFs are known to play crucial roles in the initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy of the disease...