medical reports

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is associated with many autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and thyroid diseases. Graves' disease (GD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by diffuse goitre and thyrotoxicosis. Management of psoriasis patients with GD is challenging. This current report presents the case of a 34-year-old female patient with refractory psoriasis with GD who was hospitalized for drug eruption and then experienced new-onset erythema and scaling following treatment with adalimumab and secukinumab...

Objective: Coprolalia is defined as the involuntary use of obscene, socially unacceptable, and derogatory words. Ictal coprolalia is a rare presentation of epilepsy. This study aimed to determine the localizing and lateralizing value and frequency of ictal coprolalia in epilepsy patients. Methods: Medical files, discharge summaries, and electroencephalography (EEG) reports of 2238 patients were reviewed retrospectively. We identified patients who suffered from ictal coprolalia. Electroencephalography reports, neuroimaging [brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)] records, F-18 FDG fused on MRI images, and ictal SPECT fused on MRI images were evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by low bone mass, damaged bone microstructure, increased bone fragility, and susceptibility to fractures. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, a series of studies have reported deep learning applications in the screening and diagnosis of osteoporosis. The aim of this review was to summary the application of deep learning methods in the radiologic diagnosis of osteoporosis. METHODS: We conducted a two-step literature search using the PubMed and Web of Science databases...

First-year medical students are often challenged by the rapid pace and large volume of content that must be learned. Peer teaching has emerged as a supportive educational strategy. However, the most effective strategies for training peer tutors (PTs) for their role are not known. This paper examines the use of an Objective Structured Teaching Exercise (OSTE) to augment PT training sessions. Applying deliberate practice as a conceptual framework, an OSTE was used to provide tutors with an opportunity to practice their skills and receive feedback about their performance when meeting with a student presenting with a challenge...

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate preoperative differences in racial and socioeconomic factors in patients undergoing laminoplasty (LP) versus laminectomy and fusion (LF) for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: DCM is prevalent in the United States, requiring surgical intervention to prevent neurological degeneration...

Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) in medical research is increasingly being supplemented by estimation statistics, focusing on effect sizes (ESs) and confidence intervals (CIs). This study evaluates the expression of ESs and CIs for binary outcomes. A utilitarian framework is proposed, emphasizing the number of beneficiaries and the impact level. To evaluate clinical significance, minimal clinically important risk difference (MCIRD) is proposed based on event magnitude (EM). Within this framework, risk difference (RD) is introduced as the primary measure...

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate low-dose oral misoprostol induction, and compare different methods used in second-line induction in patients with a Bishop score less than 6. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed the medical history and courses of pregnancy of all patients induced with first-line of low-dose oral misoprostol (50 μg every 4 h with a total of 200 μg/24 h) from April 2021 to June 2022 in a university hospital center, and reported outcomes according to the second-line method of induction...

Biallelic pathogenic variations in the zinc finger protein 142 (ZNF142) gene are associated with neurodevelopmental disorder with impaired speech and hyperkinetic movements (NEDISHM). This disorder is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech delay, and movement disorders such as dystonia, tremor, ataxia, and chorea. Here, we report a patient who exhibited common neurological features and rarely reported brain MRI findings. Exome sequencing identified a novel biallelic variant in ZNF142 (c...

Social media offers a readily available, cost-effective way for medical experts to disseminate knowledge and shape public health outcomes but also allows for the spread of misinformation. This study aims to analyze burn-related material on social media by creator, content type, and engagement. Facebook, TikTok, and X (formerly Twitter) were queried with the following search terms: "burn," "burn injury," "burn recovery," and "burn treatment." Identified accounts were then manually screened for relevance. Year of creation and engagement metrics were collected...

The phenotypes associated with MED12 pathogenic variants are diverse. Male patients usually have missense variants, but the effects of base substitutions on mRNA splicing have not been investigated. Here, we report a Japanese brother with intellectual disability, characteristic facial appearance with blepharophimosis, cleft palate, Fallot tetralogy, vesicoureteral reflux, and deafness. A known missense pathogenic variant was detected in MED12, NM_005120.3:c.887G>A p.(Arg296Gln), and X-linked Ohdo syndrome was diagnosed in combination with their phenotype...

While coaching has been employed as a success strategy in many areas such as athletics and business for decades, its use is relatively new in the medical field despite evidence of its benefits. Implementation and engagement regarding coaching in graduate medical education (GME) for residents and fellows is particularly scarce. We report our three-year experience of a GME success coaching program that aims to help trainees reach their full potential by addressing various areas of medical knowledge, clinical skills, efficiency, interpersonal skills and communication, professionalism, and mental health and well-being...

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a disease among women of reproductive age, which causes several health problems, such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and subfertility. In addition, it increases psychological stress and often results in marital disharmony. Similarly, migraine is more frequent among this group of women. Several studies have shown an association between endometriosis and migraine among groups of populations completely different from Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the association between endometriosis and migraine among the Bangladeshi population...

BACKGROUND: Evidence of COVID-19 vaccine safety relied upon the global vaccine monitoring infrastructure due to shortened clinical development timelines and emergency use licensure. Differences in AVSS capacity between high-income countries (HICs) versus low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were known prior to the pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To assess the global landscape of COVID-19 vaccine AVSS activities to identify gaps in safety evidence generation across vaccine products and populations with a focus on LMICs...

BACKGROUND: As total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) expands to younger patients, it is crucial to weigh the benefits of early intervention against potential complications and implant longevity in patients under 60 years of age. This study examines mid-term outcomes in this patient subset. METHODS: Between 2009 and 2019, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 patients (25 male, 25 female) who underwent anatomic TSA (TSA) under the age of 60 with minimum 5 years follow-up...

Social determinants of health affect clinical and translational research processes and outcomes but remain underreported in empirical studies. This scoping review examined the rate and types of social determinants of health (SDoH) variables included in the JCTS translational research studies published between 2017 and 2023 and included 129 studies. Most papers (91.7%) reported at least one SDoH variable with age, race and ethnicity, and sex included most often. Future studies to inform the role of SDoH data in translational research and science are recommended, and a draft SDoH data checklist is provided...

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services have mandated that hospitals implement measures to screen social determinants of health (SDoH). We sought to report on available SDoH screening tools. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, as well as the grey literature were searched (1980 to November 2023). The included studies were US-based, written in English, and examined a screening tool to assess SDoH. Thirty studies were included in the analytic cohort. The number of questions in any given SDoH assessment tool varied considerably and ranged from 5 to 50 (mean: 16...

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis will review randomized control trials for localized bladder cancer, evaluating surgical and pathologic outcomes of ORC versus RARC. METHODS: Randomized studies evaluating adults with non-metastatic bladder cancer who underwent a radical cystectomy. Randomized trials were selected for final review. Data was extracted and analyzed with Revman 5 software. The primary outcome was complication rates within 90 days...

PURPOSE: Through three neurocritical care unit (NCCU) surveys in China, we tried to understand the development status of neurocritical care and clarify its future development. METHODS: Using a cross-sectional survey method and self-report questionnaires, the number and quality of NCCUs were investigated through three steps: administering the questionnaire, sorting the survey data, and analyzing the survey data. RESULTS: At the second and third surveys, the number of NCCUs (76/112/206) increased by 47% and 84%, respectively...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) vary according to region and country, and patient prognosis differs accordingly. In Japan, physicians may provide prehospital care. However, the effect of physician-present prehospital care on achieving return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiac arrest is not clear. Here, we aimed to examine the effect of physician-present prehospital care on the prognosis of patients with OHCA at our hospital compared with physician-absent care...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a global public health emergency which has seen an uptick in low- to middle-income countries in recent times due to a plethora of aggravating factors and has led to a whole host of setting-specific pathogens registering high rates of resistance, causing outbreaks with graver mortality and morbidity. This review analyzes available literature to determine the causes and effects of ABR and recommend solutions to the problem in a Pakistani setting...