influenza virus and muscle

Invasive aspergillosis is a critical complication in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies or with viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus or SARS‑CoV‑2. Although early and accurate diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis can maximize clinical outcomes, current diagnostic methods are time-consuming and poorly sensitive. Here, we assess the ability of 2-deoxy-2-18 F-fluorosorbitol (18 F-FDS) positron emission tomography (PET) to specifically and noninvasively detect Aspergillus infections...

Limb muscle dysfunction is a hallmark of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which is further worsened following a viral-induced acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). An amplified airway inflammation underlies the aggravated respiratory symptoms seen during AECOPD, however, its contributory role to limb muscle dysfunction is unclear. The present study examined the impact of influenza A virus (IAV)-induced exacerbation on hind limb muscle parameters. Airway inflammation was established in male BALB/c mice by exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 8 weeks...

Overt and subclinical maternal infections in pregnancy can have multiple and significant pathological consequences for the developing fetus, leading to acute perinatal complications and/or chronic disease throughout postnatal life. In this context, the current concept of pregnancy as a state of systemic immunosuppression seems oversimplified and outdated. Undoubtedly, in pregnancy the maternal immune system undergoes complex changes to establish and maintain tolerance to the fetus while still protecting from pathogens...

People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are susceptible to respiratory infections which exacerbate pulmonary and/or cardiovascular complications, increasing their likelihood of death. The mechanisms driving these complications remain unknown but increased oxidative stress has been implicated. Here we investigated whether influenza A virus (IAV) infection, following chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, worsens vascular function and if so, whether the antioxidant ebselen alleviates this vascular dysfunction...

In the summers of 2018 and 2019, a disease outbreak stroke 25 broiler chicken farms and 3 broiler breeder farms in different Governorates in Egypt. The disease caused a mortality rate ranging from 3.2 to 9%. Postmortem examination showed petechial hemorrhage in the breast and thigh muscles, thymus gland, and peritoneal cavity and extensive hemorrhages in the kidneys. A total of 140 liver, kidney, lung, skeletal muscles, thymus, and spleen samples were collected. Twenty-eight pooled samples were created and examined by PCR and histopathological examination to identify the causative pathogens...

The productive replication of human influenza viruses is almost exclusively restricted to cells in the respiratory tract. However, a key aspect of the host response to viral infection is the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are not similarly tissue restricted. As such, circulating inflammatory mediators, as well as the resulting activated immune cells, can induce damage throughout the body, particularly in individuals with underlying conditions. As a result, more holistic experimental approaches are required to fully understand the pathogenesis and scope of influenza virus-induced disease...

Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare complication seen in 1-2% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Viral infections may cause TM in these patients by causing a dysregulation of their immune system. We report a 30-year-old woman with SLE who had influenza A and a few days later developed urinary retention, bilateral lower extremity paralysis, upper extremity weakness, and optic nerve and macular edema. Magnetic resonance imaging showed C4-T12 hyperintense lesions consistent with TM. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 3 days and then 6 cycles of monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) plays a crucial role in infectious diseases. Targeting S1PR1 provides protection against pathogens, such as influenza viruses. This study is aimed at investigating S1PR1 in response to bacterial infection by assessing S1PR1 expression in S. aureus -infected mice. A rodent local muscle bacterial infection model was developed by injecting S. aureus to the lower hind limb of Balb/c mice. The changes of S1PR1 expression in response to bacterial infection and blocking treatment were assessed using ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) after intravenous injection of an S1PR1-specific radiotracer [18 F]TZ4877...

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many have seriously worried that the plus burden of seasonal influenza that might create a destructive scenario, resulting in overwhelmed healthcare capacities and onwards loss of life. Many efforts to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine to prevent infection by coronavirus and influenza, highlight the importance of vaccination to combat infectious pathogens. While vaccines are traditionally given as injections into the muscle, microneedle (MN) patches designed to precisely deliver cargos into the cutaneous microenvironment, rich in immune cells, provide a noninvasive and self-applicable vaccination approach, reducing overall costs and improving access to vaccines in places with limited supply...

Highly-differentiated pulmonary epithelial cells are essential for maintaining lung homeostasis by exerting various physiological functions, which are regulated by circadian clock consisted of an autoregulatory feedback loop of clock genes, including Brain-Muscle Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator-Like 1 (BMAL1) and Nuclear Heme Receptor Reverse Erythroblastosis Virus α (REV-ERB-α). The circadian clock dysfunction of epithelial cells has been increasingly associated with the pulmonary diseases: BMAL1 and REV-ERB-α regulates inflammatory response of club cells induced by lipopolysaccharide and cigarette smoke (CS) respectively; the clock disfunction in alveolar epithelial type2 cells (AEC-II) has been implicated in CS-induced airway inflammation and early-life hyperoxia-related susceptibility to influenza infection; the ciliary beat frequency of ciliated cells also shows circadian rhythms...

INTRODUCTION: Influenza is an acute infectious disease caused by an RNA virus. In Poland, influenza occurs seasonally during the epidemic period lasting from October to April. The peak of influenza incidence in Poland falls in the first quarter of the year, with a comparable number of cases in January, February and March. Influenza can be severe in some patients, requiring hospitalization, or even fatal, especially in high-risk patients. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the frequency and course of influenza in primary care patients compared to other respiratory tract infections...

The prevalence and contribution of cardiotropic viruses to various expressions of heart failure are increasing, yet primarily underappreciated and underreported due to variable clinical syndromes, a lack of consensus diagnostic standards and insufficient clinical laboratory tools. In this study, we developed an advanced methodology for identifying viruses across a spectrum of heart failure patients. We designed a custom tissue microarray from 78 patients with conditions commonly associated with virus-related heart failure, conditions where viral contribution is typically uncertain, or conditions for which the etiological agent remains suspect but elusive...

BACKGROUND: Influenza often leads to acute lung injury (ALI). Few therapeutics options such as vaccines and other antiviral drugs are available. Paeoniflorin is a monoterpene glucoside isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. that has showed good anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. However, it is not known whether paeoniflorin has an effect on influenza virus-induced ALI. PURPOSE: To investigative the protective effect and potential mechanism of paeoniflorin on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV)...

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INTRODUCTION: Older adults are at elevated risk for morbidity and mortality caused by influenza. Vaccination is the primary means of prophylaxis, but protection is often compromised in older adults. As resistance exercise mobilizes immune cells into muscle, it may enhance vaccination response. PURPOSE: Compare antibody and cell mediated immune responses to influenza vaccination in older adults who performed eccentric resistance exercise immediately prior to vaccination to those who did not exercise...

We describe a unique case of severe influenza A-induced rhabdomyolysis in a previously healthy 39-year-old man, who developed symptoms immediately following a 2-hour deep-tissue massage and improved with oseltamivir and intravenous fluids. This case describes a possible temporal association between tissue damage secondary to deep tissue massage and the subsequent exacerbation of rhabdomyolysis in the setting of an influenza A infection. Biological evidence of muscle cell viral invasion with massage supports the possibility of elevated influenza A pathogenicity...

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease that affects the skin, lungs, and muscle. Although the pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, several environmental triggers have been linked to DM onset or flare. This article specifically examines the effects of herbal supplements, drugs, infections, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and environmental pollutants on the onset or exacerbation of DM. Herbal supplements such as Spirulina platensis , Aphanizomenon flos-aquae , Chlorella , Echinacea , and Alfalfa have been implicated and are frequently used in health foods...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is a leading cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Respiratory microbes that were simultaneously detected in the respiratory tracts of hospitalized adult ARI patients were investigated. Associations between influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (H1N1pdm) detection and intensive care unit (ICU) admission or fatal outcome were determined. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted between September 2015 and June 2017 at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam...

Post-influenza myositis is considered a distinct clinical entity and is associated with muscle pain and elevated muscle enzymes during convalescence. Although the exact mechanism of muscle injury in acute viral myositis is unknown, there are possible mechanisms proposed in the literature. The progression of viral myositis to rhabdomyolysis, although uncommon, can be life-threatening and has been reported with many viruses, most commonly influenza. At our institution, a case of severe influenza-induced myositis prompted us to conduct a literature search focusing on the incidence, pathophysiology, typical presentation, and proper diagnosis of this rare condition...

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are consciously used to control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae. Several studies documented the beneficial and hazardous effects of CuO-NPs on human cells and different experimental animals but there are not many studies that report the effect of CuO-NPs in poultry. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on the growth performance, immune status, oxidant/antioxidant capacity, DNA status, and histological structures of most edible parts of broiler chickens (muscle, heart, liver, spleen, and kidneys)...