plant lateral root

Trichoderma spp. have evolved the capacity to communicate with plants by producing various secondary metabolites (SMs). Nonhormonal SMs play important roles in plant root development, while specific SMs from rhizosphere microbes and their underlying mechanisms to control plant root branching are still largely unknown. In this study, a compound, anthranilic acid (2-AA), is identified from T. guizhouense NJAU4742 to promote lateral root development. Further studies demonstrate that 2-AA positively regulates auxin signaling and transport in the canonical auxin pathway...

BACKGROUND: The growth-regulating factor-interacting factor (GIF) gene family plays a vital role in regulating plant growth and development, particularly in controlling leaf, seed, and root meristem homeostasis. However, the regulatory mechanism of heteromorphic leaves by GIF genes in Populus euphratica as an important adaptative trait of heteromorphic leaves in response to desert environment remains unknown. RESULTS: This study aimed to identify and characterize the GIF genes in P...

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer ( Ginseng ) is one of the most used traditional Chinese herbal medicines, with its roots being used as the main common medicinal parts; its therapeutic potential has garnered significant attention. AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID ( Aux/IAA ) is a family of early auxin-responsive genes capable of regulating root development in plants through the auxin signaling pathway. In the present study, 84 Aux/IAA genes were identified from the ginseng genome and their complexity and diversity were determined through their protein domains, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and cis-acting element predictions...

Grapevines encounter many different pathogens throughout their lifespans, including the bacterial pathogen Xylella fastidiosa , which causes Pierce's disease that results in vascular occlusion and eventual plant host death, the fungal pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum , which causes stem cankers that kill individual vines and reduce fruit yields, and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita , which destroys root tissues that impacts host vigour. To date, little research has been conducted to examine how one infection could impact subsequent infections by the same or different pathogens despite this is important to ensure healthy vineyards...

The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is a signalling compound involved in the regulation of cellular defence and development in plants. In this study, we investigated the roles of a JA-responsive MYB transcription factor, JMTF1, in the JA-regulated defence response against rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). JMTF1 did not interact with any JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing JMTF1 showed a JA-hypersensitive phenotype and enhanced resistance against Xoo...

Lily ( Lilium brownii var. Viridulum Baker ) is a well-known edible plant with large, white and sweet bulb scales that has important medicinal value (Zhou et al. 2021) and is grown mainly in the Hebei, Shanxi and Henan provinces of China. In May 2021, a case of bulb rot was discovered in a 3.33 hm2 plantation in Huaihua, Hunan Province, affecting 20% of the area (27°59'30″N, 110°32'20″E). The disease is most severe during the rainy season in May and June. In the early stage, irregular brown spots appeared on the lily scales, the necrosis was depressed and gradually enlarges, and in the later stage, the scales were scattered from the base of the disc and slough off...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional herbal pair Paeoniae Radix Rubra (roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Chishao in Chinese) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, Fuzi in Chinese) are widely used for the treatment of liver diseases, demonstrating clinical efficacy against acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). As the core drug pair representing the "clearing method" and "warming method" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), they align with the TCM syndromic characteristics of ACLF, characterized by a mixture of deficiencies and realities...

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth and salt tolerance of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. This study was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Guangdong Ocean University, where 'Huanghuazhan' was selected as the test material, and 40 mg/L 5-ALA and 30 mg/L DTA-6 were applied as foliar sprays at the three-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, followed by treatment with 0.3% NaCl (W/W) 24 h later...

The replacement of agrochemicals by biomolecules is imperative to mitigate soil contamination and inactivation of its core microbiota. Within this context, this study aimed at the interaction between a biological control agent such as Trichoderma harzianum CCT 2160 (BF-Th) and the biosurfactants (BSs) derived from the native Brazilian yeast Starmerella bombicola UFMG-CM-Y6419. Thereafter, their potential in germination of Oryza sativa L. seeds was tested. Both bioproducts were produced on site and characterized according to their chemical composition by HPLC-MS and GC-MS for BSs and SDS-PAGE gel for BF-Th...

In a nature reserve in southern Maine, we removed invasive Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii de Candolle) along sections of forested recreational trails that ran through dense barberry infestations. Barberry thickets provide questing substrate and a protective microclimate for blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say), and trail users could brush up against encroaching barberry and acquire ticks. Trailside barberry removal will reduce or eliminate encroaching tick questing substrate and could reduce trailside questing tick abundance by creating a microclimate more hostile to ticks...

Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3...

Pugionium cornutum is an annual or biennial xerophyte distributed in arid regions, with drought resistance properties. While previous studies have predominantly focused on the physiological changes of P. cornutum, the understanding of its metabolite variations remains limited. In this study, untargeted metabolomic technology was performed to analyse the change of metabolites in the roots of P. cornutum seedlings under drought stress. Our findings revealed that compared to the R1, the root water potential and the number of lateral roots increased, while the length of the tap root and fresh weight increased first and then decreased...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding small-molecule RNAs that usually regulate the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. miR156 is one of a class of evolutionarily highly conserved miRNA families. SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factor is one of the target genes that is regulated by miR156. SPL transcription factors are involved in regulating plant growth and development, hormone response, stress response, and photosynthesis. In the present study, transgenic potato plants with overexpressed miR156 were obtained via the Agrobacterium -mediated transformation method...

Long-term plant residue retention can effectively replenish soil quality and fertility. In this study, we collected rhizosphere soil from the residual roots of annual Cenchrus fungigraminus in the Ulan Buh Desert over the past 10 years. The area, depth, and length of these roots decreased over time. The cellulose content of the residual roots was significantly higher in the later 5 years (2018-2022) than the former 5 years (2013-2017), reaching its highest value in 2021. The lignin content of the residual roots did not differ across samples except in 2015 and reached its highest level in 2021...

This research aimed to clarify the mitigative effect of exogenously applied rare earth element cerium （Ce） on the growth， zinc （Zn） accumulation， and physiological characteristics of wheat （ Triticum aestivum L.） seedlings under Zn stress. The wheat variety studied was Bainong307 （BN307）， and Zn stress was achieved by growing seedlings in a hydroponic culture experiment with 500 μmol·L-1 Zn2 + added to the culture solution...

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Bletilla striata Rchb.f., is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant known as the Chinese ground or hyacinth orchid classified in the Orchidaceae. It is native to southeast Asia and mainly distributed in China, Japan and northern Myanmar (He et al. 2017). It has the functions of astringent hemostasis and analgesia, and can also be used to treat traumatic bleeding, ulcers, swelling and chapped skin. Therefore, it occupies an important position in traditional Chinese medicine (Xu et al. 2019). In June 2023, three farmers in Mengzi (103...

The production of glutamine (Gln) from NO3- and NH4+ requires ATP, reducing power, and carbon skeletons. Plants may redirect these resources to other physiological processes using Gln directly. However, feeding Gln as the sole nitrogen (N) source has complex effects on plants. Under optimal concentrations, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings grown on Gln have similar primary root lengths, more lateral roots, smaller leaves, and higher amounts of amino acids and proteins compared to those grown on NH4NO3...

Legumes can establish a mutual association with soil-derived nitrogen-fixing bacteria called 'rhizobia' forming lateral root organs called root nodules. Rhizobia inside the root nodules get transformed into 'bacteroids' that can fix atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia for host plants in return for nutrients and shelter. A substantial 200 million tons of nitrogen is fixed annually through biological nitrogen fixation. Consequently, the symbiotic mechanism of nitrogen fixation is utilized worldwide for sustainable agriculture and plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The proper application of toxic medicines is one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, and the use of traditional Chinese medicines follows the principle of dialectical treatment. It is necessary to combine different "syndrome" or "disease" states with the toxicity of traditional Chinese medicines to form a reliable toxicity evaluation system. Fuzi, the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx, is recognized as a panacea for kidney yang deficiency syndrome, however, its toxic effects significantly limit its clinical application...