organ AND protection

The efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumor sites is a promising cancer treatment modality. Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) have been successfully used for the protective encapsulation of proteins; however, easy precipitation and lack of controlled release of existing HOFs limit their further application for protein delivery in vivo. In this study, a hypoxia-responsive HOF, self-assembled from azobenzenedicarboxylate/polyethylene glycol-conjugated azobenzenedicarboxylate and tetrakis(4-amidiniumphenyl)methane through charge-assisted hydrogen-bonding, is developed for systemic protein delivery to tumor cells...

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 772 million confirmed cases, including nearly 7 million deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Leveraging rapid development, accelerated vaccine approval processes, and large-scale production of various COVID-19 vaccines using different technical platforms, the WHO declared an end to the global health emergency of COVID-19 on May 5, 2023. Current COVID-19 vaccines encompass inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines...

The triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) ratio and the rate coefficient (kTT ) of TTA are key factors in estimating the contribution of triplet excitons to radiative singlet excitons in fluorescent TTA organic light-emitting diodes. In this study, we implemented deep learning models to predict key factors from transient electroluminescence (trEL) data using new numerical equations. A new TTA model was developed that considers both polaron and exciton dynamics, enabling the distinction between prompt and delayed singlet decays with a fundamental understanding of the mechanism...

Typhoid fever has the highest disease burden in countries in low- and middle-income countries, primarily located in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Previous typhoid vaccines such as the live attenuated typhoid (Ty21a) vaccine and Vi (virulence) capsular polysaccharide vaccine had the limitation that they could not be administered with other standard childhood immunizations and were ineffective in children under two years of age. To address these shortcomings of the previous vaccines, typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) were developed and prequalified by the World Health Organization...

Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a phenolic compound belonging to flavonoid family, showcasing important in vitro pharmacological activities such as antitumor, anti-inflammation, and organ protection. ISO is predominantly extracted from Hippophae rhamnoides L . This plant is well-known in China and abroad because of its "medicinal and food homologous" characteristics. As a noteworthy natural drug candidate, ISO has received considerable attention in recent years owing to its low cost, wide availability, high efficacy, low toxicity, and minimal side effects...

Cooperative breeding occurs when individuals contribute parental care to offspring that are not their own. Numerous intra- and inter-specific studies have aimed to explain the evolution of this behaviour. Recent comparative work suggests that family living (i.e., when offspring remain with their parents beyond independence) is a critical steppingstone in the evolution of cooperative breeding. Thus, it is key to understand the factors that facilitate the evolution of family living. Within-species studies suggest that protection from predators is a critical function of group living, through both passive benefits such as dilution effects, and active benefits such as prosocial antipredator behaviours in family groups...

Urbanisation has contributed to a severe decline in biodiversity worldwide. However, urban ecosystems can also play an important role in the conservation of threatened species, including ground-nesting birds such as the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus). While the coastal populations of this shorebird have declined sharply, there is growing evidence that pairs nesting on urban flat roofs have high reproductive success. However, the reasons for rooftop nesting and the species' habitat use in urban areas remain poorly understood...

The Onychostoma macrolepis have a unique survival strategy, overwintering in caves and returning to the river for reproduction in summer. The current knowledge on the developmental status of its testes during winter and summer is still undiscovered. We performed RNA-seq analysis on O. macrolepis testes between January and June, using the published genome (NCBI, ASM1243209v1). Through KEGG and GO enrichment analysis, we were able to identify 2111 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and demonstrate their functions in signaling networks associated with the development of organism...

Alkaline polymer membrane electrochemical energy conversion devices offer the prospect of using non-platinum group catalysts. However, their cationic functionalities are currently not sufficiently stable for vapor-phase applications, such as fuel cells. Herein, we report 1,6-diazabicyclo[4.4.4]tetradecan-1,6-ium (in-DBD), a cationic proton cage, that is orders of magnitude more resistant to hydroxide-promoted degradation than state-of-the-art organic cations under ultra-dry conditions and elevated temperature, and the first organic cation-hydroxide to persist at critically low hydration levels ( < 10% RH at 80 °C)...

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of man-made contaminants of human health concern due to their resistance to degradation, widespread environmental occurrence, bioaccumulation in living organisms, and potential negative health impacts. Private drinking water supplies may be uniquely vulnerable to PFAS contamination in impacted areas, as these systems are not protected under federal regulations and often include limited treatment or remediation, if contaminated, prior to use. The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of PFAS contamination in private drinking water supplies in two counties in Southwest Virginia, USA (Floyd and Roanoke) that share similar bedrock geologies, are representative of different state Department of Health risk categories, and to examine the potential for reliance on citizen-science based strategies for sample collection in subsequent efforts...

Over the past few years, venereal or sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been on the rise worldwide requiring additional specialized monographic consultations to specifically treat STIs. Therefore, the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) Research Working Group on STIs and HIV has drafted this document with the necessary requirements in terms of infrastructure, personnel, technology, specific materials for sample collection, and needs for current therapeutic options. Strict emphasis is placed on the protection of patient privacy...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM, recorded in https://www.worldfloraonline.org, 2023-08-03) is a kind of medicine food homology plant with a long medicinal history in China. Astragaloside III (AS-III) has immunomodulatory effects and is one of the most active components in AM. However, its underlying mechanism of action is still not fully explained. AIM OF THE STUDY: The research was designed to discuss the protective effects of AS-III on immunosuppression and to elucidate its prospective mechanism...

Herein, we disclose a facile synthetic strategy to access an important class of drug molecules that contain chiral 1,2-amino alcohol functionality utilizing highly effective ruthenium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of unprotected α-ketoamines. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis of shortage of many important drugs, especially norepinephrine and epinephrine, for the treatment of anaphylaxis and hypotension because of the increased demand. Unfortunately, the existing technologies are not fulfilling the worldwide requirement due to the existing lengthy synthetic protocols that require additional protection and deprotection steps...

Excess ammonium halides as composition additives have been widely employed in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), aiming to achieve high performance by controlling crystallinity and passivating defects. However, an in-depth understanding whether excess organoammonium components affect the film physical/electrical properties and the resultant device instability is still lacking. Here, we point the trade-off between the performance and stability in high-efficiency formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3 )-based PeLEDs with excess ammonium halides, and explore the underlying mechanism...

The rapid evolution of healthcare and technology has given rise to advancements in the fields of bioprinting, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting has emerged as an alternative to traditional practices by offering the potential to create functional tissues. Traditional tissue engineering has faced challenges due to irregular cell distribution on scaffolds, limited cell density, and the difficulty of manufacturing patient-specific tissues, which 3D bioprinting overcomes through layer-by-layer fabrication...

Conductive π-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted wide concerns in electrocatalysis due to their intrinsic high conductivity. However, the poor electrocatalytic stability is still a major problem that hinders the practical application of MOFs. Herein, we report a novel approach to enhancing the stability of MOF-based electrocatalyst, namely, the introduction of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Impressively, the π-d conjugated MOF FeCo3 (DDA)2 exhibits ultra-high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) stability (up to 2000 h)...

In the bloodstream of mammalian hosts, African trypanosomes face the challenge of protecting their invariant surface receptors from immune detection. This crucial role is fulfilled by a dense, glycosylated protein layer composed of variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs), which undergo antigenic variation and provide a physical barrier that shields the underlying invariant surface glycoproteins (ISGs). The protective shield's limited permeability comes at the cost of restricted access to the extracellular host environment, raising questions regarding the specific function of the ISG repertoire...

Seasonally astatic aquatic habitats are important ecologically, municipally, and agriculturally. Regulatory agencies and conservation organizations have developed various plans for protecting or constructing temporary wetlands, resulting in habitat monitoring requirements, particularly as relates to restoration and constructed habitats. Unfortunately, there has been no effort to develop a unified, consistent method for wetland biological monitoring. In Part I, we presented a quantifiable, replicable method for assessing seasonally astatic wetlands, which would allow for direct comparison between individual wetlands, wetland sites, and wetland types...

Aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen)-functionalized organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles (OINPs) are an emerging category of multifunctional nanomaterials with vast potential applications. The spatial arrangement and positioning of AIEgens and inorganic compounds in AIEgen-functionalized OINPs determine the structures, properties, and functionalities of the self-assembled nanomaterials. In this work, we proposed a facile and general emulsion self-assembly tactic for synthesizing well-defined AIEgen-functionalized OINPs by coassembling alkane chain-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles with hydrophobic organic AIEgens...

Owing to the increasing need for green synthesis and environmental protection, the utilization of biological organism-derived carbons as supports for noble-metal electrocatalysts has garnered public interest. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which microorganisms generate nanometals has not been fully understood yet. In the present study, we used genetically engineered bacteria of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (∆SO4317, ∆SO4320, ∆SO0618 and ∆SO3745) to explore the effect of surface substances including biofilm-associated protein (bpfA), protein secreted by type I secretion systems (TISS) and type II secretion systems (T2SS), and lipopolysaccharide in microbial synthesis of metal nanoparticles...