Road trauma

INTRODUCTION: Decompressive craniectomy and craniotomy are among the most common procedures in Neurosurgery. In recent years, increased attention has focused on the relationships between incision type, extent of decompression, vascular supply to the scalp, cosmetic outcomes, and complications. Here, we review the current literature on scalp incisions for large unilateral front-temporo-parietal craniotomies and craniectomies. METHODS: Publications in the past 50 years on scalp incisions used for front-temporo-parietal craniectomies/craniotomies were reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: To report and analyze the pattern of maxillofacial injuries in trauma victims and to define the role of a maxillofacial surgeon in an emergency trauma care team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Trauma patients reported and reporting to the casualty of a tertiaryhospital with facial injuries and other suspected concomitant injuries in the body were included in this study. The complete medical and radiographic records of each patient were reviewed and data was collected in a standard proforma in this 5-year clinical study (3 year of retrospective and 2 year of prospective study)...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic injury is one of the top public health challenges globally. Injury survivors often experience poor health and functioning and restricted participation in employment. In Ethiopia, there is a paucity of evidence about the long-term consequences of injuries, particularly about their employment outcomes and disability status. This study characterizes injury survivors by their preinjury status, injury characteristics, postinjury employment outcomes and disability status 1 year post injury...

PURPOSE: Road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries are the leading causes of maxillofacial trauma. Due to quite different geographical environment and fast urbanization, the use of various protective equipment is restricted in India. Thus, compared to other countries, there might be a significant difference in the pattern and frequency of associated injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. The present study was conducted to identify the causes and pattern of various maxillofacial fractures and the frequency of other related injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma...

BACKGROUND: The transportation system plays a crucial role in the context of socioeconomic development, whereas the highway infrastructure acts as a base for the transportation system. In recent years, a rich impetus has been given to the development of road infrastructure by Indian governance. There is a need to introspect how well the prevailing highway infrastructure is equipped with emergency rescue management during road accidents. Lack of ambulance service and trauma facilities along the highways results in a steady loss of lives and injuries and increases people's exposure to risks...

BACKGROUND: Management of trauma patients includes prevention, prehospital care, appropriate resuscitation at a hospital, definitive treatment, and rehabilitation. Timely and adequate care for a trauma patient is paramount, which can dramatically impact survival. This study was planned to assess the proportion of patients who failed to receive adequate prehospital care before reaching our institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the trauma and emergency department of a level-1 trauma center in eastern India from February to April 2022...

PURPOSE: Aiming to evaluate and study the epidemiological profile of frontal sinus fractures treated in the region of Ribeirão Preto-Brazil. METHODS: Sixteen years of activity in the Oral and Maxillofacial service of the Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto/SP (FORP/USP), totaling 9,736 consultations, 4,524 with facial fractures, those diagnosed with frontal sinus fracture (113) were evaluated and selected for the study. RESULTS: Frontal sinus fractures accounted for 2...

INTRODUCTION: Though the disease burden addressable by prehospital and out-of-hospital emergency care(OHEC) spans communicable diseases, maternal conditions, chronic conditions and injury, the single largest disability-adjusted life year burden contributor is injury, primarily driven by road traffic injuries(RTIs). Establishing OHEC for RTIs and other common emergencies in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) where the injury burden is disproportionately greatest is a logical first step toward more comprehensive emergency medical services(EMS)...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric facial fractures are fairly uncommon injuries and comprise less than 15% of all facial fractures in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the pattern of pediatric facial fractures and compare the results with similar studies performed in India and the rest of the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 patients were admitted for the treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Data on etiology, anatomical location, mode of treatment, duration of stay, and X-ray advice were recorded...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 314 patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock at Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People's Hospital from December 2012 to August 2021, including 152 male patients and 162 female patients, with a median age of 63.00 (49.75-82.00) years. The demographic data, past medical history, injury assessment, vital signs, laboratory examination and other indicators of these patients during hospitalization were recorded...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This study aimed to examine the characteristics of upper limb and shoulder injuries combined with chest trauma in road accident victims and evaluate the effectiveness of telemedical monitoring and a newly developed telerehabilitation model in patient recovery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Our study incorporated 136 medical records of inpatients who had sustained upper extremity and chest injuries, constituting a retrospective group...

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a game changer in the field of orthopaedic diagnostics, notably in the detection and management of infections associated with prosthetic joints and implants. This paper conducts an exhaustive examination of the pivotal role, outcomes, and prospective future uses of NGS in diagnosing orthopaedic infections. In comparison to conventional culture-based methods, NGS offers a marked improvement in sensitivity thereby facilitating prompt and comprehensive identification of pathogens...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Bipolar fractures involving segmental fractures of the lateral and proximal clavicles are exceptionally rare, with only isolated cases documented in the literature. Such fractures may easily be overlooked during the initial presentation. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 35-year-old male with deformation in the middle segment of the clavicle following a road traffic accident (RTA). On radiography, the injury was initially thought to be a lateral clavicle fracture combined with sternoclavicular joint dislocation but was later changed to a bipolar clavicle fracture intraoperatively...

Penetrating brain trauma is rare. We present a unique case involving a sugarcane injury that penetrated the brain via the orbit following a road traffic accident. A 32-year-old male arrived at our emergency department with a penetrating injury to his left eye. A non-contrast computerized tomography (NCCT) scan of the head showed a foreign body in the left orbit, extending to the frontal lobe. Left frontotemporal craniotomy, anterior cranial fossa exploration, retrieval of the foreign body (a sugarcane piece), and dural repair of the anterior cranial fossa were performed...

Compartment syndrome (CS) is a well-known surgical emergency with high morbidity including potential long-term disability and limb loss. The most important factor determining the degree of morbidity with CS is time to treatment; therefore, early diagnosis and surgery are vital. We present a patient who fell off his bicycle and sustained cervical spine fractures causing near complete quadriplegia. He was found by the road over 12 hours later, so his creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was trended and serial examinations were performed...

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), one of the key ligaments in the knee, serves to prevent backward movement of the tibia relative to the femur. A simultaneous occurrence of a PCL avulsion fracture and a femur shaft fracture in a pediatric patient suggests a complex orthopedic injury resulting from significant trauma to the knee and thigh area. This study describes the rehabilitation process of a 12-year-old female involved in a road traffic accident, who suffered both a midshaft femur fracture and a PCL avulsion fracture...

PURPOSE: Orbital fractures are common injuries and represent an interesting chapter in maxillofacial surgery. This retrospective study analyses data collected from 528 patients surgically treated at the University Hospital "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy, from 1st January 2007 to 31st January 2021. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of orbital bone fracture, complete clinical and radiological records, and a minimum follow-up of 12 months. We analyzed gender, age, etiology, fracture type, treatment, timing of repair, and associated complications...

The mandible occupies the lowest point on the face. When the lower face is struck by high blows with upward or obliquely directed force, the prominent bone of the face sustains severe damage. When combined with zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, mandibular fractures, which frequently occur in parasymphysis, present a challenging clinical scenario. This combination often requires a collaborative strategy to ensure a proper diagnosis and all-encompassing care. In this case study, we discussed the alleged trauma case of a 30-year-old male who met with a road traffic accident due to a bike slip at around 8:30 p...

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in polytrauma patients, especially beyond the first week, and its management is vital for reducing multiorgan failure and improving survival rates. This is particularly critical in geriatric polytrauma patients due to factors such as age-related physiological alterations and weakened immune systems. This study aimed to investigate various clinical and laboratory parameters associated with sepsis in polytrauma patients aged < 65 years and ≥65 years, with the secondary objective of comparing sources of infection in these patient groups...

INTRODUCTION: In 2019, the World Health Assembly declared emergency care essential to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Few sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have developed robust approaches to sustainably deliver emergency medical services (EMS) at scale, as high-income country models are financially impractical. Innovative reassessment of EMS delivery in resource-limited settings is necessary as timely emergency care access can substantially reduce mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed the Lay First Responder (LFR) program by training 1,291 pre-existing motorcycle taxi drivers, a predominant form of short-distance transport in sub-Saharan Africa, to provide trauma care and transport for road traffic injuries...