"dynamic energy budget"

Animals show a vast array of phenotypic traits in time and space. Such variation patterns have traditionally been described as ecogeographical rules; for example, the tendency of size and clutch size to increase with latitude (Bergmann's and Lack's rules, respectively). Despite considerable research into these variation patterns and their consequences for biodiversity and conservation, the processes behind trait variation remain controversial. Here, we show how food variability, largely set by climate and weather, can drive interspecific trait variation by determining individual energy input and allocation trade-offs...

Parasitism is an energetically costly event for host species. Dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory describes the metabolic dynamics of an individual organism through its lifetime. Models derived from DEB theory specify how an organism converts food to reserves (maintenance-free energy available for metabolism) and allocates mobilized reserves to maintenance, growth (increase of structural body mass) and maturation or reproduction. DEB models thus provide a useful approach to describe the consequences of parasitism for host species...

Recent research has revealed various lethal and sublethal effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram hydrobromide on the harpacticoid copepod Nitocra spinipes. In this study an individual-based model (IBM) grounded in the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory was developed to extrapolate said effects to the population level. Using a generic DEB-IBM as a template, the model was designed to be as simple as possible, keeping model components that are outside the scope of the core DEB theory to a minimum...

The Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB) enables ecotoxicologists to model the effects of chemical stressors on organism life cycles through the coupling of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TK-TD) models. While good progress has been made in the application of DEB-TKTD models for aquatic organisms, applications for soil fauna are scarce, due to the lack of dedicated experimental designs suitable for collecting the required time series effect data. Enchytraeids (Annelida: Clitellata) are model organisms in soil ecology and ecotoxicology...

Body size dependent physiological effects of temperature influence individual growth, reproduction and survival, which govern animal population responses to global warming. There is much knowledge of how such effects can affect population growth and size structure, but less of their potential role in temperature-driven adaptation in life history traits. In this study, we therefore ask how warming affects the optimal allocation of energy between growth and reproduction, and disentangle the underlying fitness trade-offs...

Birds build up their reproductive system and undergo major tissue remodeling for each reproductive season. Energetic specifics of this process are still not completely clear, despite the increasing interest. We focused on the bobwhite quail - one of the most intensely studied species due to commercial and conservation interest - to elucidate the energy fluxes associated with reproduction, including the fate of the extra assimilates ingested prior to and during reproduction. We used the standard Dynamic Energy Budget model, which is a mechanistic process-based model capable of fully specifying and predicting the life cycle of the bobwhite quail: its growth, maturation and reproduction...

Climate change is having dramatic effects on the diversity and distribution of species. Many of these effects are mediated by how an organism's physiological patterns of resource allocation translate into fitness through effects on growth, survival and reproduction. Empirically, resource allocation is challenging to measure directly and so has often been approached using mathematical models, such as Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) models. The fact that all plants require a very similar set of exogenous resources, namely light, water and nutrients, integrates well with the DEB framework in which a small number of variables and processes linked through pathways represent an organism's state as it changes through time...

Environmental nanoplastics (NPs) can accumulate in soils, posing a potential risk to soil ecosystems. However, the ecotoxicity of NPs for soil organisms has received little research attention. This study investigated whether NP exposure in soil leads to reproductive decline in the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and sought to determine the mechanisms by which it may occur. Wild-type N2 C. elegans L1 larvae were exposed to various concentrations of nano-sized polystyrene (100 nm) in soil (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg dry weight) for 96 h...

A minimum stoichiometric carbon and nitrogen model of an entire ecosystem based on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory is presented. The ecosystem contains nutrients, producers, consumers, decomposers and detritus. All three living groups consist of somatic structure and either one (consumers and decomposers) or two (producers) reserve compartments, hence the living matter is described by seven state variables. Four types of detritus are distinguished. As the system is closed for matter, the dynamics of the nutrients carbon dioxide and ammonium follow automatically from the dynamics of the other 11 state variables...

Patterns in eco-physiological traits of pangolins and carnivorans are studied, which are functions of underlying Dynamic Energy Budget parameters. The data, parameter values and traits are accessible in the open access Add-my-Pet collection, which currently contains 7 out of 8 species of pangolins and 131 of the extant 276 species of carnivorans and 653 of the extant 6400 species of mammals. Paucity of data and species not included reflect the actual state of knowledge: many species are endangered and/or little measured data is readily available...

Individual growth models can form the basis of population dynamics assessment and ecosystem model construction. In order to provide a basic module for an ecosystem model of an integrated marine aquaculture pond, an individual growth model was constructed for kuruma shrimp ( Penaeus japonicus ) based on dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory. The model was first parameterized based on a covariation method using the Add-my-Pet (AmP) procedure. The parametric estimation model underestimated the ultimate abdominal length for female shrimp, and the predicted values of other zero-variate parameters were generally consistent with observed values...

A mechanistic model based on Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory was developed to predict the combined effects of ocean warming, acidification and decreased food availability on growth and reproduction of three commercially important marine fish species: white seabream ( Diplodus sargus ), zebra seabream ( Diplodus cervinus ) and Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ). Model simulations used a parameter set for each species, estimated by the Add-my-Pet method using data from laboratory experiments complemented with bibliographic sources...

The hairtail Trichiurus lepturus supports the largest fisheries in the East China Sea. The stock has fluctuated in the past few decades and this variation has been attributed to human pressures and climate change. To investigate energetics of individuals and population dynamics of the species in responses to environmental variations and fishing efforts, we have developed a DEB-IBM by coupling a dynamic energy budget (DEB) model to an individual-based model (IBM). The parameter estimation of DEB model shows an acceptable goodness of fit...

To predict the response of the European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis ) and Pacific cupped oyster ( Crassostrea gigas/Magallana gigas ) populations to environmental changes, it is key to understand their life history traits. The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory is a mechanistic framework that enables the quantification of the bioenergetics of development, growth and reproduction from fertilization to death across different life stages. This study estimates the DEB parameters for the European flat oyster, based on a comprehensive dataset, while DEB parameters for the Pacific cupped oyster were extracted from the literature...

To address challenges in management and conservation of fishes and fisheries it is essential to understand their life histories and energetics. The Add-my-Pet (AmP) collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) parameters currently contains 1150 of the 40000 extant species of fish. It gives 250-280 traits per species, depending on the model type that was applied, such as maximum reserve capacity, lifespan, specific respiration and precociality index, based on which the ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) was compared with the four other fish classes (Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes, Actinistia, Dipnoi) and the Tetrapoda...

The Add-my-Pet collection of data on energetics and Dynamic Energy Budget parameters currently contains 92 species of turtles and 23 species of crocodiles. We discuss patterns of eco-physiological traits of turtles and crocodiles, as functions of parameter values, and compare them with other taxa. Turtles and crocodiles accurately match the general rule that the life-time cumulated neonate mass production equals ultimate weight. The weight at birth for reptiles scales with ultimate weight to the power 0.6...

Earthworms are considered ecosystem engineers and, as such, they are an integral part of the soil ecosystem. The movement of earthworms is significantly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and soil properties. As movement may directly be linked to food ingestion, especially of endogeic species like Aporrectodea caliginosa , changes in those environmental factors also affect life history traits such as growth and reproduction. In our laboratory studies, earthworms showed a decrease in burrowing activity with decreasing moisture levels and, to some extent, the organic matter content...

Most regulatory ecological risk assessment frameworks largely disregard discrepancies between the laboratory, where effects of single substances are assessed on individual organisms, and the real environment, where organisms live together in populations and are often exposed to multiple simultaneously occurring substances. We assessed the capability of individual-based models with a foundation in the dynamic energy budget theory (DEB-IBM) to predict combined effects of chemical mixtures on populations when they are calibrated on toxicity data of single substances at the individual level only...

Arenicola marina , a marine benthic polychaete, is widespread on sandy beaches in Europe and considered as an ecosystem engineer despite commonly used as bait by fishermen. Data regarding the bioenergetics of the lugworm larval stages are still incomplete. Trochophore is initially lecithotroph and then becomes planktotroph while growing as metatrochophore on subtidal area, a quite stable daily temperature environment compared with the foreshore, where juveniles and adult live, with daily temperature fluctuating up to 15°C...

Crayfish are keystone species important for maintaining healthy freshwater ecosystems. Crayfish species native to Europe, such as Astacus astacus and Austropotamobius torrentium , are facing decline and are increasingly endangered by changing climate and invasions of non-native crayfish, such as Pacifastacus leniusculus and Procambarus virginalis . The success of these invasions largely depends on differences in ontogeny between the native species and the invaders and how changes in the environment will affect the ontogeny...