Methyl Cellulose Bone Regeneration

This study investigates the improvement in the compressive strength of cellulose/cement-based composites. Methyl cellulose (MC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPMC) are separately used as the cellulose phase with different wt%. Graphene oxide (GO) and zoledronic acid (ZOL) are used as additives for bone regeneration for various formulations. Utilizing Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) modeling, this research demonstrates the roles of the choice of the cellulose phase, wt% of cement phase, % gelatin, % citric acid, degradation time, and concentration of GO and ZOL in influencing compressive strength...

The development of new biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration with high bioactivity abilities and antibacterial properties is being intensively investigated. We have synthesized nanocomposites formed by mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) in the ternary SiO2 , CaO and P2 O5 system doped with metallic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that were homogenously embedded in the MBG matrices. Ag/MBG nanocomposites have been directly synthesized and silver species were spontaneously reduced to metallic AgNPs by high temperatures (700°C) obtained of last MBG synthesis step...

The utility of plant tissues as scaffolding materials has been gaining significant interest in recent years owing to their unique material characteristics that are ideal for tissue regeneration. In this study, the degradation and biocompatibility of natural cellulosic scaffolds derived from Borassus flabellifer (Linn.) (BF) immature endosperm was improved by chemical oxidation and surface functionalization processes. Briefly, thus obtained cellulosic scaffolds were sequentially processed via a detergent exchange decellularization process followed by sodium periodate mediated oxidation and organosilane-based surface modification using amino (NH2 )-terminated 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and methyl (CH3 )-terminated octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)...

Failure to regenerate the gradient tendon-bone interface of the enthesis results in poor clinical outcomes for surgical repair. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of composite cell sheets for engineering of the tendon-bone interface to improve regeneration of the functionally graded tissue. We hypothesize that stacking cell sheets at early stages of differentiation into tenogenic and osteogenic progenitors will create a composite structure with integrated layers. Cell sheets were fabricated on methyl cellulose and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) thermally reversible polymers with human adipose-derived stem cells and differentiated into progenitors of tendon and bone with chemical induction media...

Bone allograft is widely used to treat large bone defects or complex fractures. However, processing methods can significantly compromise allograft osteogenic activity. Adjuvants that can restore the osteogenic activity of processed allograft should improve clinical outcomes. In this study, zinc was tested as an adjuvant to increase the osteogenic activity of human allograft in a Rag2 null rat femoral defect model. Femoral defects were treated with human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) mixed with carboxy methyl cellulose containing ZnCl2 (0, 75, 150, 300 µg) or Zn stearate (347 µg)...

3D bioprinting is one of the latest trends in regenerative medicine due to its capacity for constructing highly organized tissues with living cells. In this work, silk fibroin (SF) together with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used to print bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-laden double network (DN) hydrogel for cartilage tissue repair. The β-sheet structure formed among SF molecules was set as the rigid and brittle first network, while the cross-linking of HPMC-MA was set as the soft and ductile second network...

This study intended to design novel nanofibrillated cellulose/cyclodextrin-based 3D scaffolds loaded with raloxifene hydrochloride for bone regeneration. The scaffolds were prepared using two different types of cyclodextrins namely; beta-cyclodextrin and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The prepared scaffolds were evaluated by characterizing their porosity, compressive strength, in-vitro drug release, FT-IR and XRD as well as their morphological properties using SEM. Results presented that the prepared scaffolds were highly porous, additionally, the scaffold containing drug/beta-cyclodextrin kneaded complex (SC5) showed the most controlled drug release pattern with the least burst effect and reached almost complete release at 480 h...

Current trends in regenerative medicine treatments for bone repair applications focus on cell-based therapies. These aim to deliver the treatment via a minimally invasive injection to reduce patient trauma and to improve efficacy. This paper describes the injectability of porous calcium phosphate glass microspheres to be used for bone repair based on their formulation, rheology and flow behavior. The use of excipients (xanthan gum, methyl cellulose and carboxyl methyl cellulose) were investigated to improve flow performance...

Cellulose-based hydrogels are immensely important for tissue engineering. In this review, we attempt to document the source, nature, and application of cellulose-based hydrogels as an extracellular matrix for tissue growth and regeneration. Hydrogels can be prepared either from native cellulose, including both bacterial and plant sources or from cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or even metal ions such as silver. Cellulose-polymer composite (polymers that include natural sources including chitosan, starch, alginates, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and chitin) are an attractive, inexpensive, and advantageous structural material that is easy to use...

Insufficient angiogenesis remains a major hurdle in current bone tissue engineering strategies. An extensive body of work has focused on the use of angiogenic factors or endothelial progenitor cells. However, these approaches are inherently complex, in terms of regulatory and methodologic implementation, and present a high cost. We have recently demonstrate the potential of electrospun poly(lactic acid) (PLA) fiber-based membranes, containing calcium phosphate (CaP) ormoglass particles, to elicit angiogenesis in vivo, in a subcutaneous model in mice...

Three different heterologous substitutes for bone regeneration, manufactured with equine-derived cortical powder (CP), cancellous chips (CC) and demineralized bone matrix granules (DBM), were compared in in vitro and in vivo settings. We tested: a commercially available bone paste (Osteoplant-Activagen™, consisting of aqueous collagenous carrier, CP, DBM; named A); a second-generation injectable paste (20 kDa polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose-based hydrogel, CP, DBM; B); a pre-formed bone filler (400 kDa polyethylene oxide/hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose-based hydrogel, CP, CC, DBM; C)...

In this work, we fabricated injectable bone substitutes modified with the addition of bioactive glass powders synthesized via ultrasonic energy-assisted hydrothermal method to the calcium phosphate-based bone cement to improve its biocompatibility. The injectable bone substitutes was initially composed of a powder component (tetracalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium sulfate dehydrate) and a liquid component (citric acid, chitosan and hydroxyl-propyl-methyl-cellulose) upon which various concentrations of bioactive glass were added: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%...

An injectable composite silanized hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/biphasic calcium phosphate (Si-HPMC/BCP) has been investigated in humans with promising results. The aim of this study was to evaluate his efficacy for treating periodontal defects (canine fenestration and premolar furcation) in dog models. At 3 months, we observed that bone formation around BCP particles in furcation model is more discernible but not statistically significant in defects filled with Si-HPMC/BCP compared to healing in control...

Calcium phosphate bioceramic granules associated with hydrosoluble polymers were developed as bone substitutes for various maxillofacial and orthopaedic applications. These injectable bone substitutes, support and regenerate bone tissue and resorb after implantation. The efficiency of these multiphasic materials is due to the osteogenic and osteoconductive properties of the microporous biphasic calcium phosphate. The associated hydrosoluble polymers are considered as carriers in order to achieve the rheological properties of injectable bone substitutes (IBS)...

Hierarchically 2D/3D mesoporous-macroporous bioactive glasses (MMBG) with good molding capabilities and compressive modulus were synthesized by sol-gel method and evaporation-induced self-assembly process in the presence of both nonionic triblock copolymers, EO(70)PO(20)EO(70) (P123) or EO(100)PO(65)EO(100) (F127), templates and methyl cellulose template. P123 or F127 acts as both a template, inducing the formation of mesopore, and an effective dispersant of MC, which produces macropores. In vitro bioactivity studies were carried out in simulated body fluid and showed superior bone-forming bioactivities of hierarchical MMBG...

Chinese practitioners have employed the use of traditional Chinese medicine as an anti-cancer agent since the ancient period. Different combinations have been formulated for various purposes. Some have been claimed for post-chemotherapy use but their direct actions on cancer cells may not be significantly reported. In the present study, we have tested the possible anti-leukemia potential of a combination regimen including crocodile egg extract, wild radix ginseng and natural Ganoderma lucidum (CGG extract) on acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in vitro...

The effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X, the first generation) was claimed to possess strong anti-oxidation property. On the other hand, we have shown that the second generation of the effective microorganism fermentation extract (EM-X2) possessed growth inhibition on human cancer cells involving MDA-MB231 breast cancer and K-562 chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells. Elevation of super oxide dismutase activity from EM-X2 treated cancer cell extract was observed. However, the possible anti-cancer activity of the first generation of the EM-X was not reported...

AIM: To evaluate whether bone formation under Teflon capsules may be enhanced by concomitant implantation of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB/insulin-like growth factor-I (rhPDGF-BB/IGF-I) incorporated into a methyl cellulose gel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five male 6-month-old albino rats of the Wistar strain were used in the study. The lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus was exposed on both sides of the jaw. In 70 sites, the periosteum was removed from the ramus, leaving the bone denuded, while in 35 sites, it was preserved...

Benzyl acetate is used as a flavoring agent in foods, as a fragrance in soaps and perfumes, as a solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate, and as a component of printing inks and varnish removers. The NTP previously studied the toxicology and carcinogenicity of this chemical in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice using the gavage route of administration and corn oil as a vehicle. Benzyl acetate increased the incidences of pancreatic acinar cell adenomas in male rats and the incidences of hepatocellular adenomas and forestomach neoplasms in male and female mice...

BACKGROUND: Many different bone substitutes, such as autografts, allografts or synthetic biomaterials have been proposed to restore alveolar bone loss and support efficient placement of dental implants. This experimental study evaluated the osteoconductive properties of an injectable bone substitute (IBS) composed of a polymeric carrier and a calcium phosphate mineral phase, used to fill mandibular and maxillary canine extraction sockets. METHODS: The polymer was a cellulose derivative (methyl-hydroxy-propyl-cellulose, MHPC), and the mineral phase consisted of granules of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics 200 to 500 microm in diameter...