keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529503/recurrent-activity-within-microcircuits-of-macaque-dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex-tracks-cognitive-flexibility
#1
Suzanne O Nolan, Patrick R Melugin, Kirsty R Erickson, Wilson R Adams, Zahra Z Farahbakhsh, Colleen E Mcgonigle, Michelle H Kwon, Vincent D Costa, Christopher C Lapish, Troy A Hackett, Verginia C Cuzon Carlson, Christos Constantinidis, Kathleen A Grant, Cody A Siciliano
Human and non-human primate data clearly implicate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as critical for advanced cognitive functions 1,2 . It is thought that intracortical synaptic architectures within dlPFC are the integral neurobiological substrate that gives rise to these processes, including working memory, inferential reasoning, and decision-making 3-7 . In the prevailing model, each cortical column makes up one fundamental processing unit composed of dense intrinsic connectivity, conceptualized as the 'canonical' cortical microcircuit 3,8 ...
September 24, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492227/protocol-for-quantifying-pyramidal-neuron-hyperexcitability-in-a-mouse-model-of-neurodevelopmental-encephalopathy
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Altair Brito Dos Santos, Silas Dalum Larsen, Carlos Daniel Gomez, Jakob Balslev Sørensen, Jean-François Perrier
Here, we present a protocol for quantifying pyramidal neuron hyperexcitability in a mouse model of STXBP1 neurodevelopmental encephalopathy (Stxbp1hap ). We describe steps for preparing brain slices, positioning electrodes, and performing an excitability test to investigate microcircuit failures. This protocol is based on recording layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons in response to stimulation of two independent sets of excitatory axons that recruit feedforward inhibition microcircuits. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Dos Santos et al...
March 15, 2024: STAR protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483564/taking-time-to-compose-thoughts-with-prefrontal-schemata
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kwang Il Ryom, Anindita Basu, Debora Stendardi, Elisa Ciaramelli, Alessandro Treves
Under what conditions can prefrontal cortex direct the composition of brain states, to generate coherent streams of thoughts? Using a simplified Potts model of cortical dynamics, crudely differentiated into two halves, we show that once activity levels are regulated, so as to disambiguate a single temporal sequence, whether the contents of the sequence are mainly determined by the frontal or by the posterior half, or by neither, depends on statistical parameters that describe its microcircuits. The frontal cortex tends to lead if it has more local attractors, longer lasting and stronger ones, in order of increasing importance...
March 14, 2024: Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation Cérébrale
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396202/in-silico-testing-of-new-pharmacology-for-restoring-inhibition-and-human-cortical-function-in-depression
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandre Guet-McCreight, Homeira Moradi Chameh, Frank Mazza, Thomas D Prevot, Taufik A Valiante, Etienne Sibille, Etay Hay
Reduced inhibition by somatostatin-expressing interneurons is associated with depression. Administration of positive allosteric modulators of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptor (α5-PAM) that selectively target this lost inhibition exhibit antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in rodent models of chronic stress. However, the functional effects of α5-PAM on the human brain in vivo are unknown, and currently cannot be assessed experimentally. We modeled the effects of α5-PAM on tonic inhibition as measured in human neurons, and tested in silico α5-PAM effects on detailed models of human cortical microcircuits in health and depression...
February 23, 2024: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384333/dynamic-network-connectivity-from-monkeys-to-humans
#5
REVIEW
Amy F T Arnsten, Min Wang, Mark D'Esposito
Human brain imaging research using functional MRI (fMRI) has uncovered flexible variations in the functional connectivity between brain regions. While some of this variability likely arises from the pattern of information flow through circuits, it may also be influenced by rapid changes in effective synaptic strength at the molecular level, a phenomenon called Dynamic Network Connectivity (DNC) discovered in non-human primate circuits. These neuromodulatory molecular mechanisms are found in layer III of the macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), the site of the microcircuits shown by Goldman-Rakic to be critical for working memory...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38379020/the-gephyrin-scaffold-modulates-cortical-layer-2-3-pyramidal-neuron-responsiveness-to-single-whisker-stimulation
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuan-Chen Tsai, Mohammad Hleihil, Kanako Otomo, Andrin Abegg, Anna Cavaccini, Patrizia Panzanelli, Teresa Cramer, Kim David Ferrari, Matthew J P Barrett, Giovanna Bosshard, Theofanis Karayannis, Bruno Weber, Shiva K Tyagarajan, Jillian L Stobart
Gephyrin is the main scaffolding protein at inhibitory postsynaptic sites, and its clusters are the signaling hubs where several molecular pathways converge. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of gephyrin alter GABAA receptor clustering at the synapse, but it is unclear how this affects neuronal activity at the circuit level. We assessed the contribution of gephyrin PTMs to microcircuit activity in the mouse barrel cortex by slice electrophysiology and in vivo two-photon calcium imaging of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal cells during single-whisker stimulation...
February 20, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362542/a-combinatory-genetic-strategy-for-targeting-neurogliaform-neurons-in-the-mouse-basolateral-amygdala
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Attila Ozsvár, Meike Claudia Sieburg, Monica Dahlstrup Sietam, Wen-Hsien Hou, Marco Capogna
The mouse basolateral amygdala (BLA) contains various GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, which have distinctive roles in the neuronal microcircuit controlling numerous behavioral functions. In mice, roughly 15% of the BLA GABAergic interneurons express neuropeptide Y (NPY), a reasonably characteristic marker for neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) in cortical-like brain structures. However, genetically labeled putative NPY-expressing interneurons in the BLA yield a mixture of interneuron subtypes besides NGFCs. Thus, selective molecular markers are lacking for genetically accessing NGFCs in the BLA...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38320453/data-driven-multiscale-computational-models-of-cortical-and-subcortical-regions
#8
REVIEW
Srikanth Ramaswamy
Data-driven computational models of neurons, synapses, microcircuits, and mesocircuits have become essential tools in modern brain research. The goal of these multiscale models is to integrate and synthesize information from different levels of brain organization, from cellular properties, dendritic excitability, and synaptic dynamics to microcircuits, mesocircuits, and ultimately behavior. This article surveys recent advances in the genesis of data-driven computational models of mammalian neural networks in cortical and subcortical areas...
February 5, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38314772/long-term-imaging-of-identified-neural-populations-using-microprisms-in-freely-moving-and-head-fixed-animals
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rhys Burrows, Chi-Hsuan Ma, Yujiao Jennifer Sun
With the advancement of multi-photon microscopy and molecular technologies, fluorescence imaging is rapidly growing to become a powerful approach for studying the structure, function, and plasticity of living brain tissues. In comparison to conventional electrophysiology, fluorescence microscopy can capture the neural activity as well as the morphology of the cells, enabling long-term recordings of the identified neuron populations at single-cell or subcellular resolution. However, high-resolution imaging typically requires a stable, head-fixed setup that restricts the movement of the animal, and the preparation of a flat surface of transparent glass allows visualization of neurons at one or more horizontal planes but is limited in studying the vertical processes running across different depths...
January 19, 2024: Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38307834/cortical-depth-profiles-in-primary-visual-cortex-for-illusory-and-imaginary-experiences
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johanna Bergmann, Lucy S Petro, Clement Abbatecola, Min S Li, A Tyler Morgan, Lars Muckli
Visual illusions and mental imagery are non-physical sensory experiences that involve cortical feedback processing in the primary visual cortex. Using laminar functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two studies, we investigate if information about these internal experiences is visible in the activation patterns of different layers of primary visual cortex (V1). We find that imagery content is decodable mainly from deep layers of V1, whereas seemingly 'real' illusory content is decodable mainly from superficial layers...
February 2, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38260652/the-lateral-habenula-integrates-age-and-experience-to-promote-social-transitions-in-developing-rats
#11
Dana Cobb-Lewis, Anne George, Shannon Hu, Katherine Packard, Mingyuan Song, Oliver Nguyen-Lopez, Emily Tesone, Jhanay Rowden, Julie Wang, Maya Opendak
Social behavior deficits are an early-emerging marker of psychopathology and are linked with early caregiving quality. However, the infant neural substrates linking early care to social development are poorly understood. Here, we focused on the infant lateral habenula (LHb), a highly-conserved brain region at the nexus between forebrain and monoaminergic circuits. Despite its consistent links to adult psychopathology, this brain region has been understudied in development when the brain is most vulnerable to environmental impacts...
January 14, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38164611/cell-type-specific-connectivity-of-whisker-related-sensory-and-motor-cortical-input-to-dorsal-striatum
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Branden D Sanabria, Sindhuja S Baskar, Alex J Yonk, Iván Linares-Garcia, Victoria E Abraira, Christian R Lee, David J Margolis
The anterior dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is heavily innervated by convergent excitatory projections from the primary motor (M1) and sensory cortex (S1) and considered an important site of sensorimotor integration. M1 and S1 corticostriatal synapses have functional differences in their connection strength with striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) in the DLS, and as a result exert distinct influences on sensory-guided behaviors. In the present study, we tested whether M1 and S1 inputs exhibit differences in the subcellular anatomical distribution onto striatal neurons...
December 27, 2023: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38086378/microcircuit-failure-in-stxbp1-encephalopathy-leads-to-hyperexcitability
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Altair Brito Dos Santos, Silas Dalum Larsen, Liangchen Guo, Paola Barbagallo, Alexia Montalant, Matthijs Verhage, Jakob Balslev Sørensen, Jean-François Perrier
De novo mutations in STXBP1 are among the most prevalent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders and lead to haploinsufficiency, cortical hyperexcitability, epilepsy, and other symptoms in people with mutations. Given that Munc18-1, the protein encoded by STXBP1, is essential for excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission, it is currently not understood why mutations cause hyperexcitability. We find that overall inhibition in canonical feedforward microcircuits is defective in a P15-22 mouse model for Stxbp1 haploinsufficiency...
December 7, 2023: Cell reports medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37919424/age-related-dysregulation-of-homeostatic-control-in-neuronal-microcircuits
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carola I Radulescu, Nazanin Doostdar, Nawal Zabouri, Leire Melgosa-Ecenarro, Xingjian Wang, Sadra Sadeh, Pavlina Pavlidi, Joe Airey, Maksym Kopanitsa, Claudia Clopath, Samuel J Barnes
Neuronal homeostasis prevents hyperactivity and hypoactivity. Age-related hyperactivity suggests homeostasis may be dysregulated in later life. However, plasticity mechanisms preventing age-related hyperactivity and their efficacy in later life are unclear. We identify the adult cortical plasticity response to elevated activity driven by sensory overstimulation, then test how plasticity changes with age. We use in vivo two-photon imaging of calcium-mediated cellular/synaptic activity, electrophysiology and c-Fos-activity tagging to show control of neuronal activity is dysregulated in the visual cortex in late adulthood...
November 2, 2023: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37891398/how-deep-is-the-brain-the-shallow-brain-hypothesis
#15
REVIEW
Mototaka Suzuki, Cyriel M A Pennartz, Jaan Aru
Deep learning and predictive coding architectures commonly assume that inference in neural networks is hierarchical. However, largely neglected in deep learning and predictive coding architectures is the neurobiological evidence that all hierarchical cortical areas, higher or lower, project to and receive signals directly from subcortical areas. Given these neuroanatomical facts, today's dominance of cortico-centric, hierarchical architectures in deep learning and predictive coding networks is highly questionable; such architectures are likely to be missing essential computational principles the brain uses...
December 2023: Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37696188/corticostriatal-pathways-for-bilateral-sensorimotor-functions
#16
REVIEW
Ruy Gómez-Ocádiz, Gilad Silberberg
Corticostriatal pathways are essential for a multitude of motor, sensory, cognitive, and affective functions. They are mediated by cortical pyramidal neurons, roughly divided into two projection classes: the pyramidal tract (PT) and the intratelencephalic tract (IT). These pathways have been the focus of numerous studies in recent years, revealing their distinct structural and functional properties. Notably, their synaptic connectivity within ipsi- and contralateral cortical and striatal microcircuits is characterized by a high degree of target selectivity, providing a means to regulate the local neuromodulatory landscape in the striatum...
September 9, 2023: Current Opinion in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37683810/laminar-neural-dynamics-of-auditory-evoked-responses-computational-modeling-of-local-field-potentials-in-auditory-cortex-of-non-human-primates
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent S C Chien, Peng Wang, Burkhard Maess, Yonatan Fishman, Thomas R Knösche
Evoked neural responses to sensory stimuli have been extensively investigated in humans and animal models both to enhance our understanding of brain function and to aid in clinical diagnosis of neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions. Recording and imaging techniques such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), local field potentials (LFPs), and calcium imaging provide complementary information about different aspects of brain activity at different spatial and temporal scales. Modeling and simulations provide a way to integrate these different types of information to clarify underlying neural mechanisms...
September 6, 2023: NeuroImage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37656758/a-multi-layer-mean-field-model-of-the-cerebellum-embedding-microstructure-and-population-specific-dynamics
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberta Maria Lorenzi, Alice Geminiani, Yann Zerlaut, Marialaura De Grazia, Alain Destexhe, Claudia A M Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Fulvia Palesi, Claudia Casellato, Egidio D'Angelo
Mean-field (MF) models are computational formalism used to summarize in a few statistical parameters the salient biophysical properties of an inter-wired neuronal network. Their formalism normally incorporates different types of neurons and synapses along with their topological organization. MFs are crucial to efficiently implement the computational modules of large-scale models of brain function, maintaining the specificity of local cortical microcircuits. While MFs have been generated for the isocortex, they are still missing for other parts of the brain...
September 1, 2023: PLoS Computational Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37645978/familiarity-modulated-synapses-model-visual-cortical-circuit-novelty-responses
#19
Kyle Aitken, Luke Campagnola, Marina Garrett, Shawn Olsen, Stefan Mihalas
Since environments are constantly in flux, the brain's ability to identify novel stimuli that fall outside its own internal representation of the world is crucial for an organism's survival. Within the mammalian neocortex, inhibitory microcircuits are proposed to regulate activity in an experience-dependent manner and different inhibitory neuron subtypes exhibit distinct novelty responses. Discerning the function of diverse neural circuits and their modulation by experience can be daunting unless one has a biologically plausible mechanism to detect and learn from novel experiences that is both understandable and flexible...
August 18, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37645826/geometry-of-anisotropic-contextual-interactions-in-the-visual-cortex-places-fundamental-limits-on-spatial-vision
#20
Mitchell P Morton, Sachira Denagamage, Nyomi V Hudson, Anirvan S Nandy
Crowding, the impaired ability to accurately recognize a target stimulus among distractors, is a major bottleneck in visual perception. The spatial configuration of distractors in relation to the target profoundly influences perceptual fidelity. Notably, when a distractor is placed at a more eccentric point on the radial axis (termed 'radial-out crowding'), it exerts the strongest impairment. Despite the pronounced perceptual anisotropy, the prevalent assumption underlying our understanding of contextual interactions in the visual cortex assumes isotropy...
August 17, 2023: bioRxiv
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