urinary cell excretion

Acid Sphingomyelinase has been reported to increase tissue ceramide and thereby mediate hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inflammation, and sclerosis. In the present study, we tested whether somatic podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene attenuates hHcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated exosome release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. In vivo , somatic podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing almost blocked hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Podocre mice compared to control littermates...

Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid consumption is increasing worldwide. Cannabis contains numerous phytocannabinoids that act on the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) expressed throughout the body, including the kidney. Essentially every organ, including the kidney, produces endocannabinoids (ECs), endogenous ligands to these receptors. Cannabinoids acutely increase urine output in rodents and humans, thus potentially influencing total-body water and electrolyte homeostasis...

Evidence indicates that Baicalein can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis and inhibit the RLS3-induced ferroptosis in melanocytes. However, the relationship between renal interstitial fibrosis and anti-ferroptosis affected by Baicalein remains unclear. In our study, the anti-fibrosis and anti-ferroptosis effects of Baicalein were assessed in a rat model induced by the UUO method in vivo , and the effects of Baicalein on Erastin-induced ferroptosis of renal MPC-5 cells were examined by Western blot of fibrosis-related and ferroptosis-related proteins in vitro ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a complex pathological condition that lacks a cure. Certain Chinese medicines, such as melittin, a major component in bee venom, have shown efficacy in treating CRF patients. On the other hand, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of melittin are unclear. MATERIALS/METHODS: A 5/6 nephrectomy model (5/6 Nx) of renal failure was established on rats for in vivo assays, and mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC5) mouse podocyte cells were treated with angiotensin II (AngII) to establish an in vitro podocyte damage model...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as a prominent factor contributing to end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial inflammation and lipid accumulation have been identified as key factors in the development of DKD. Earlier research indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, controls lipid accumulation, and provides protection to the kidneys. Nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for its protective effects against DKD have not yet been completely elucidated...

Dysregulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and autophagy plays a pivotal role in diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we assessed urinary excretion of molecular regulators of these processes that mediate their effects via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in subjects with long-term type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We included 140 patients with T2D and 20 non-diabetic individuals in a cross-sectional study. Urinary PTEN, Beclin-1, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Klotho, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were assessed using ELISA...

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is most frequently caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which ascends from the bladder to the kidneys during a urinary tract infection. Patients with APN have been reported to have reduced renal concentration capacity under challenged conditions, polyuria and increased aquaporin-2 (AQP2) excretion in the urine. We have recently shown increased AQP2 accumulation in the plasma membrane in cell cultures exposed to E. coli lysates and in the apical plasma membrane of inner medullary collecting ducts in a 5-day APN mouse model...

Two field cases of reddish-black pigmenturia occurred where cattle grazed on an established Cenchrus ciliaris (blue buffalo grass) pasture in South Africa. The pasture was noticeably invaded by Indigofera cryptantha, which was heavily grazed. Apart from the discolored urine, no other clinical abnormalities were detected. Urinalysis revealed hemoglobinuria, proteinuria and an alkaline pH. When the animals were immediately removed from the infested pasture, they made an uneventful recovery. However, a bull died when one of the herds could not be removed from the I...

PURPOSE: Intermittent fasting (IF) has been shown to induce a well-organized adaptive defense against stress inside the cells, which increases the production of anti-oxidant defenses, repair of DNA, biogenesis of mitochondria, and genes that combat inflammation. So, the goal of the current investigation was to identify the effects of IF on rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and any potential underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Four groups of 40 mature Sprague-Dawley male rats were allocated as follow; control, fasting, ADR, and ADR plus fasting...

The reabsorption of uric acid (UA) is mainly mediated by urate transporter 1 (URAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) in the kidneys. Dotinurad inhibits URAT1 but does not inhibit other UA transporters, such as GLUT9, ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2), and organic anion transporter 1/3 (OAT1/3). We found that dotinurad ameliorated the metabolic parameters and renal function in hyperuricemic patients. We consider the significance of the highly selective inhibition of URAT1 by dotinurad for metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) poses a substantial challenge in the management of lymphoma patients and is frequently associated with diverse causative factors. Herein, we report an illustrative case involving a 47-year-old male with influenza A infection who developed severe AKI, which was incongruent with his medical history. Laboratory investigations disclosed aberrant immunoglobulin levels and urinary protein excretion, prompting further evaluation. A renal biopsy revealed the presence of infiltrating lymphoid cells and cast nephropathy, raising suspicion of an underlying hematological disorder...

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for chronic kidney diseases, leading to hypertensive nephrosclerosis, including excessive albuminuria. Azilsartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, has been widely used for the treatment of hypertension. However, the effects of Azilsartan on urinary albumin excretion in hypertension haven't been reported before. In this study, we investigated whether Azilsartan possesses a beneficial property against albuminuria in mice treated with angiotensin II and a high-salt diet (ANG/HS)...

A problem for patients with diabetes is the rise of complications, such as peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. Among them, peripheral neuropathy, characterized by numbness and/or hypersensitivity to pain in the extremities, is likely to develop in the early stages of diabetes. Empagliflozin (EMPA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, exerts hypoglycemic effects by preventing glucose reabsorption in proximal tubular cells. EMPA can improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in diabetic patients, but its suppressive effect on the development of diabetic neuropathy remains unclear...

Efferent sympathetic nerve fibers regulate several renal functions activating norepinephrine receptors on tubular epithelial cells. Of the beta-adrenoceptors (β-ARs), we previously demonstrated the renal expression of β3-AR in the thick ascending limb (TAL), the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and the collecting duct (CD), where it participates in salt and water reabsorption. Here, for the first time, we reported β3-AR expression in the CD intercalated cells (ICCs), where it regulates acid-base homeostasis...

The excretory mechanisms of stenohaline marine osmoconforming crabs are often compared to those of the more extensively characterized euryhaline osmoregulating crabs. These comparisons may have limitations, given that unlike euryhaline brachyurans the gills of stenohaline marine osmoconformers possess ion-leaky paracellular pathways and lack the capacity to undergo ultrastructural changes that can promote ion-transport processes in dilute media. Furthermore, the antennal glands of stenohaline marine osmoconformers are poorly characterized making it difficult to determine what role urinary processes play in excretion...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to study the role of nanobacteria in the formation of renal calculi and the underlying mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 90 clean Wistar male rats were randomly divided into a negative control group, an experimental group, and an interference group. From the end of the first week of modelling, 10 consecutive times once a week, 3 rats in each group were randomly selected to measure the biochemical blood markers and urine metabolism...

Ca2+-activated BK channels in renal intercalated cells (ICs) mediate luminal flow-induced K+ secretion (FIKS), but how ICs sense increased flow remains uncertain. We examined whether PIEZO1, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel expressed in the basolateral membranes of ICs, is required for FIKS. In isolated cortical collecting ducts (CCDs), the mechanosensitive cation-selective channel inhibitor GsMTx4 dampened flow-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), whereas the PIEZO1 activator Yoda1 increased [Ca2+]i and BK channel activity...

Sickle cell nephropathy (SCN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD). Early intervention is crucial for mitigating its effects. However, current diagnostic methods rely on generic tests and may not detect SCN until irreversible renal damage occurs. Therefore, specific biomarkers for early diagnosis of SCN are needed. Urinary exosomes, membrane-bound vesicles secreted by renal podocytes and epithelial cells, contain both common and cell type-specific membrane and cytosolic proteins, reflecting the physiologic and pathophysiologic states of the kidney...

BACKGROUND: Wilson's disease (WD) is not an uncommon genetic disease in clinical practice. However, the current WD therapies have limitations. The effectiveness of stem cell therapy in treating WD has yet to be verified, although a few animal studies have shown that stem cell transplantation could partially correct the abnormal metabolic phenotype of WD. In this case report, we present the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid containing stem cells in one WD patient. CASE PRESENTATION: A 22-year-old Chinese woman was diagnosed with WD 1 year ago in 2019...

CONTEXT: Low magnesium levels, which are common in people with type 2 diabetes, are associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory molecules. It is unknown whether magnesium supplementation decreases this low-grade inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We performed a multidimensional immunophenotyping to better understand the effect of magnesium supplementation on the immune system of people with type 2 diabetes and low magnesium levels. METHODS: Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, cross-over study, we compared the effect of magnesium supplementation (15 mmol/day) to placebo on the immunophenotype including whole blood immune cell counts, T-cell and CD14+ monocyte function after ex vivo stimulation, and the circulating inflammatory proteome...