keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521838/hypercalcemia-as-a-rare-manifestation-of-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-iris-in-a-person-living-with-human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-with-disseminated%C3%A2-nontuberculous-mycobacteriosis
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Webendoerfer, Margarethe Konik, Markus Zettler, Johannes Wienker, Josefine Rawitzer, Stefan Esser, Jan Kehrmann, Ken Herrmann, Hans Christian Reinhardt, Oliver Witzke, Sebastian Dolff
INTRODUCTION: Granulomatosis due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (M. avium) infection may trigger hypercalcemia. Here, we report a rare case of hypercalcemia and acute kidney damage related to IRIS in a person living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old male person living with HIV presented with muscle weakness and unwanted weight loss of 8 kg within the last 2 weeks...
March 23, 2024: Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514025/fatal-outcome-of-bk-virus-encephalitis-in-an-allogeneic-stem-cell-transplantation-recipient
#2
Kyosuke Yamaguchi, Hisashi Yamamoto, Koji Izutsu, Mitsuhiro Yuasa, Daisuke Kaji, Aya Nishida, Kazuya Ishiwata, Shinsuke Takagi, Go Yamamoto, Yuki Asano-Mori, Naoyuki Uchida, Shuichi Taniguchi
BK virus (BKV) encephalitis is a rare complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). A 43-year-old woman with recurrent follicular lymphoma after autologous HSCT received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a human leukocyte antigen-matched related donor. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved on post-transplant day 13. Memory loss and noncooperative attitude toward the medical staff were observed on day 16, and her mental status worsened progressively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed nonspecific findings on day 19; however, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis including real-time polymerase chain reaction on day 20 revealed elevated levels of BKV 4...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy: Official Journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499260/chishao-fuzi-herbal-pair-restore-the-macrophage-m1-m2-balance-in-acute-on-chronic-liver-failure
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nianhua Tan, Gonghui Jian, Jie Peng, Xuefei Tian, Bin Chen
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional herbal pair Paeoniae Radix Rubra (roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Chishao in Chinese) and Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux, Fuzi in Chinese) are widely used for the treatment of liver diseases, demonstrating clinical efficacy against acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). As the core drug pair representing the "clearing method" and "warming method" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), they align with the TCM syndromic characteristics of ACLF, characterized by a mixture of deficiencies and realities...
March 16, 2024: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494667/clinical-outcomes-and-risk-factors-for-immune-recovery-and-all-cause-mortality-in-latin-americans-living-with-hiv-with-virological-success-a-retrospective-cohort-study
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriel Castillo-Rozas, Shengxin Tu, Paula Mendes Luz, Fernando Mejia, Juan Sierra-Madero, Vanessa Rouzier, Bryan E Shepherd, Claudia P Cortes
INTRODUCTION: Immune reconstitution following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is crucial to prevent AIDS and non-AIDS-related comorbidities. Patients with suppressed viraemia who fail to restore cellular immunity are exposed to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality during long-term follow-up, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aim to describe clinical outcomes and factors associated with the worse immune recovery and all-cause mortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) from Latin America following ART initiation...
March 2024: Journal of the International AIDS Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490295/long-term-follow-up-of-abatacept-post-transplantation-cyclophosphamide-and-sirolimus-abacys-based-haploidentical-transplantation-in-younger-patients-with-nonmalignant-diseases
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarita Rani Jaiswal, Mahak Agarwal, Gitali Bhagawati, Bhudev Chandra Das, Prakash Baligar, Manoj Garg, Subhrajit Biswas, Suparno Chakrabarti
BACKGROUND: Haploidentical (Haplo) HCT for nonmalignant diseases (NMD) faces inherent challenges of both alloreactivity and graft failure. Building upon promising results from pilot studies, where abatacept was combined with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and sirolimus (AbaCyS) in younger NMD patients undergoing haplo-HCT, we present the long-term outcomes of this protocol. STUDY DESIGN: On the back of uniform disease-specific conditioning regimens containing ATG (4...
March 13, 2024: Transplantation and cellular therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486816/incidence-and-predictors-of-tuberculosis-associated-iris-in-people-with-hiv-treated-for-tuberculosis-findings-from-reflate-tb2-randomized-trial
#6
Lara E Coelho, Corine Chazallon, Didier Laureillard, Rodrigo Escada, Jean-Baptiste N'takpe, Isabelle Timana, Eugène Messou, Serge Eholie, Celso Khosa, Giang D Chau, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Valdiléa G Veloso, Constance Delaugerre, Jean-Michel Molina, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Olivier Marcy, Nathalie De Castro
BACKGROUND: After antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, people with HIV (PWH) treated for tuberculosis (TB) may develop TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS). Integrase inhibitors, by providing a faster HIV-RNA decline than efavirenz, might increase the risk for this complication. We sought to assess incidence and determinants of TB-IRIS in PWH with TB on raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the Reflate TB 2 trial, which randomized ART-naive PWH on standard TB treatment, to receive raltegravir- or efavirenz-based ART...
March 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469015/multi-drug-resistant-tuberculosis-peritonitis-a-case-report
#7
Rhea Verma, Clinton Sonier, Nida Rizvi, Rahul Kashyap
The increasing incidence of tuberculosis raises concerns globally, impacting both developing and developed nations. Abdominal tuberculosis stands out as the most prevalent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This case report details the diagnostic journey of a young male with abdominal TB complicated by concurrent HIV infection. The patient presented with night sweats and substantial weight loss, concurrently receiving a naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnosis with an undetectable CD4 count...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435199/overlap-syndrome-of-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-secondary-to-disseminated-mycobacterial-infection-and-hemophagocytic-lymphohistiocytosis-in-a-patient-with-newly-diagnosed-hiv-aids
#8
Nishant Patel, Cody Chastain
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) following initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has variable incidence but is not uncommon and has the potential to cause long-term consequences and fatal outcomes in patients with HIV. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a separate syndrome of excess immune activation, but may coexist with IRIS and necessitate a unique treatment approach. In this report, the case of a patient with newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS who was found to have both mycobacterial IRIS and HLH is presented...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429707/correction-paradoxical-tuberculosis-associated-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-in-initiating-art-among-hiv-infected-patients-in-china-risk-factors-and-management
#9
Honghong Yang, Qian Liu, Yushan Wu, Kun He, Qin Zeng, Min Liu
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426349/skin-and-mucosal-manifestations-of-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-in-people-living-with-hiv-a-review
#10
REVIEW
Aleksandra Górecka, Sławomir Majewski, Elżbieta Szymańska, Irena Walecka
Opportunistic infections have significantly decreased in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus and receiving antiretroviral therapy. However, in approximately 10%-25% of patients, severe skin reactions during immune reconstruction are constantly increasing. This may manifest as either an exacerbation of a chronic disease or the development of a new disorder, referred to as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the dermatological symptoms of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome observed in recent years...
March 1, 2024: International Journal of Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406522/immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome-associated-lymphoma-a-retrospective-brazilian-cohort
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juliano Cordova Vargas, Karin Zattar Cecyn, Mariana de Oliveira Marques, Juliana Pereira, Walter M Tobias Braga, Nelson Hamerschlak, Jacques Tabacof, Caina D de Liz, André Abdo, Paulo Roberto Abrão Ferreira, Gisele W Braga Colleoni, Otavio C G Baiocchi
After initiating combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may develop Hodgkin/non-Hodgkin lymphoma due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This retrospective cohort study evaluated the incidence, clinical features and prognosis of IRIS-associated lymphomas in Brazilian patients. Incidence in 2000-2019 was 9.8% (27/276 patients with HIV and lymphoma; viral load drop >1 log). Time between HIV diagnosis and cART initiation was <1 year in 70...
February 2024: EJHaem
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406047/paradoxical-and-unmasking-hiv-immune-reconstitution-inflammation-syndrome-in-antiretroviral-na%C3%A3-ve-pregnant-women-a-prospective-cohort-study
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John K Muthuka, Everlyn M Nyamai, Kelly Oluoch, Charles Maibvise, Rosemary Nabaweesi
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), indicated by an array of opportunistic infections, may occur, presenting as either paradoxical, a worsening of a previously treated infection, or unmasking, a flare-up of an underlying, previously undiagnosed infection. The impact of ART as the backbone of HIV treatment and prevention has prolonged the survival of people living with HIV. In pregnancy, benefits have been shown by slowing HIV progression and preventing perinatal transmission; however, there have been risks of adverse reactions with ART, including immune responses to both the fetus and mother...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38400871/complex-decisions-in-hiv-related-cryptococcosis-addressing-second-episodes-of-cryptococcal-meningitis
#13
REVIEW
Abdu Musubire, Enock Kagimu, Timothy Mugabi, David B Meya, David R Boulware, Nathan C Bahr
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review highlights the difficulties in diagnosing and treating persons with a prior history of cryptococcal meningitis who improve but suffer from a recurrence of symptoms. This scenario is well known to those who frequently care for patients with cryptococcal meningitis but is not well understood. We highlight major gaps in knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS: We recently summarized our experience with 28 persons with paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and 81 persons with microbiological relapse...
February 24, 2024: Current HIV/AIDS Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38397417/-dclre1c-mutation-induced-immunocompromised-mice-are-a-novel-model-for-human-xenograft-research
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yixiao Bin, Sanhua Wei, Ruo Chen, Haowei Zhang, Jing Ren, Peijuan Liu, Zhiqian Xin, Tianjiao Zhang, Haijiao Yang, Ke Wang, Zhuan Feng, Xiuxuan Sun, Zhinan Chen, Hai Zhang
Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice serve as a critical model for human xenotransplantation studies, yet they often suffer from low engraftment rates and susceptibility to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Moreover, certain SCID strains demonstrate 'immune leakage', underscoring the need for novel model development. Here, we introduce an SCID mouse model with a targeted disruption of the dclre1c gene, encoding Artemis, which is essential for V(D)J recombination and DNA repair during T cell receptor (TCR) and B cell receptor (BCR) assembly...
February 2, 2024: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38384461/myeloid-and-dendritic-cells-enhance-therapeutics-induced-cytokine-release-syndrome-features-in-humanized-brgsf-his-preclinical-model
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gaëlle H Martin, Alexis Gonon, Perrine Martin-Jeantet, Florence Renart-Depontieu, Zuzana Biesova, Anokhi Cifuentes, Arnab Mukherjee, Thomas Thisted, Astrid Doerner, Dean O Campbell, Ludovic Bourré, Edward H van der Horst, Amélie Rezza, Kader Thiam
OBJECTIVES: Despite their efficacy, some immunotherapies have been shown to induce immune-related adverse events, including the potentially life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (CRS), calling for reliable and translational preclinical models to predict potential safety issues and investigate their rescue. Here, we tested the reliability of humanized BRGSF mice for the assessment of therapeutics-induced CRS features in preclinical settings. METHODS: BRGSF mice reconstituted with human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells (BRGSF-CBC) were injected with anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3), anti-CD3/CD19 bispecific T-cell engager Blinatumomab, or VISTA-targeting antibody...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381160/immune-recovery-uveitis-a-focus-review
#16
REVIEW
Nuno Rodrigues Alves, Catarina Barão, Catarina Mota, Lívio Costa, Rita Pinto Proença
Immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an intraocular inflammation that typically occurs as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the eye. Typically, it affects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with recognized or unrecognized cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). IRU is a common cause of new vision loss in these patients, and it manifests with a wide range of symptoms and an increased risk of inflammatory complications, such as macular edema...
February 21, 2024: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378229/nailbed-hpv-related-bowen-s-disease-in-a-man-living-with-hiv
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manik Kohli, Georgios Kravvas, Arthur Wong, David Zargaran, Peter Ellery, Christopher B Bunker
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection with wide-ranging clinical manifestations. High-risk anogenital HPV genotypes have also been reported to cause extragenital disease. We describe the case of a 69-year-old male patient living with HIV who was diagnosed with HPV-16 associated Bowen's Disease (BD) of the right middle finger nailbed, despite good virologic control and immune reconstitution. The lesion was managed surgically with adjunctive post-exposure HPV vaccination. This case adds to the growing body of evidence of extra-genital HPV disease attributable to anogenital genotypes in people living with HIV...
February 20, 2024: International Journal of STD & AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350653/cytomegalovirus-infection-among-people-living-with-hiv-in-sweden-case-profiles-treatment-strategies-and-patient-outcomes-at-karolinska-university-hospital-2010-2020
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinling Xu, Emmi Andersson, Afsar Rahbar, Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér, Piotr Nowak
OBJECTIVES: In countries with access to early antiretroviral treatment (ART), opportunistic infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are becoming increasingly rare. As potential complications are severe, it is critical to remain aware of this important diagnosis. However, clinical characteristics and prognosis of CMV infection in PLWH in the era of modern ART have not been well described. METHODS: Here, we compiled the clinical presentation, management and outcome of CMV infection in PLWH treated at the infectious diseases clinic of Karolinska University Hospital during 2010-2020...
February 13, 2024: HIV Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347376/immune-recovery-uveitis-in-whipple-s-disease-an-unusual-ocular-presentation
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hippolyte Lequain, Stéphane Abramowicz, Julien Seiller, Amro Abukhashbah, Carole Burillon, Emmanuelle Vignot, Olivier Brunet, Pascal Sève
PURPOSE: To describe an unusual case of Whipple's disease (WD) complicated by uveitis, and subsequent paradoxical worsening after effective antibiotic treatment targeting Tropheryma whipplei (TW). METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 53-year-old male presented with bilateral knee arthritis, weight loss, chronic low-grade fever, and cognitive disorders. He was under treatment with tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFi) for seronegative spondyloarthritis...
February 13, 2024: Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38333228/isolated-cryptococcal-osteomyelitis-in-the-setting-of-immune-reconstitution-inflammatory-syndrome
#20
Pamela Horton Embrey, Alexandra Long, Rasha Alfattal, Suimin Qiu, Joseph Patrik Hornak
Cryptococcal infections, though rare, must be considered in all immunocompromised patients. Patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretrovirals may have a treatment course complicated by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Here we present a case of a 38-year-old woman with HIV/AIDS with knee pain who only began to experience severe pain after induction of antiretroviral therapy. She was found to have cryptococcal osteomyelitis without dissemination to the central nervous system, an unusual presentation for immunocompromised patients...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease
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