Intravenous drug

Lecanemab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against human soluble amyloid-β aggregates. It was developed for the treatment of early Alzheimer's disease (mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia stage of Alzheimer's disease). Among the amyloid-β (Aβ) involved in Alzheimer's disease, Lecanemab selectively binds to the highly neurotoxic Aβ protofibrils, and is thought to reduce Aβ protofibrils and amyloid plaques (Aβ plaques) in the brain. The efficacy and safety of Lecanemab in early Alzheimer's disease were investigated in an international Phase II placebo-controlled study (Study 201) and an international Phase III placebo-controlled study (Study 301)...

BACKGROUND: Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) results from severe hereditary deficiency of ADAMTS13. The efficacy and safety of recombinant ADAMTS13 and standard therapy (plasma-derived products) administered as routine prophylaxis or on-demand treatment in patients with congenital TTP is not known. METHODS: In this phase 3, open-label, crossover trial, we randomly assigned patients in a 1:1 ratio to two 6-month periods of prophylaxis with recombinant ADAMTS13 (40 IU per kilogram of body weight, administered intravenously) or standard therapy, followed by the alternate treatment; thereafter, all the patients received recombinant ADAMTS13 for an additional 6 months...

BACKGROUND: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by loss of motor neurons due to degeneration of nerve cells within the brain and spinal cord. Early symptoms include limb weakness, twitching or muscle cramping, and slurred speech. As the disease progresses, difficulty breathing, swallowing, and paralysis can lead to death. Currently, there are no medications that cure ALS, and guidelines recommend treatments focused on symptom management. Intravenous (IV) edaravone was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2017 as a treatment to slow the progression of ALS...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

It is critical to understand the impact of significant physiological changes during pregnancy on the extent of maternal and fetal drug exposure. Fostemsavir (FTR) is a prodrug of temsavir (TMR) and is approved in combination with other antiretrovirals for multi-drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. This physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) study was used to estimate TMR PK in pregnant populations during each trimester of pregnancy to inform FTR dosing. A PBPK model was developed and validated for TMR using PK data collected following intravenous TMR and oral FTR dosing (immediate-release and extended-release tablets) in healthy volunteers...

Aim: The present study investigated renal elimination after intravenous administration of four different formulations of lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) containing dyes adapted to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET-LNCs). Materials & methods: FRET-LNCs of 85 or 50 nm with or without a pegylated surface were injected and collected in the blood or urine of rats at different time points. Quantitative analysis was performed to measure intact FRET-LNCs. Results & conclusion: No intact LNCs were found in urine (0 particles/ml) for all formulations...

BACKGROUND: Intravenous administration of azithromycin has been linked to severe hypotension in some case reports in the past. We report a further case of profound shock requiring excessive use of vasopressors and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). CASE SUMMARY: An 18-year-old Caucasian male was admitted due to fulminant myocarditis and signs of cardiogenic shock. He had to be put on venoarterial ECMO only hours after admission. Due to the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, haemodynamic support was discontinued on Day 8...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate patient acceptance and preference for computed tomographic colonography (CTC) over colonoscopy. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a nationwide multicenter trial in Japan to assess the accuracy of CTC detection. They were scheduled to undergo colonoscopy after CTC with common bowel preparation on the same day. Some were administered sedative drugs during colonoscopy, depending on the referring clinician and participant's preferences...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Pharmacovigilance data and clinical studies have indicated a risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with concomitant administration of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam. However, no pharmacovigilance studies have evaluated time-to-onset and outcomes of AKI related to this combination. Therefore, this study used a pharmacovigilance database to investigate the incidence, time-to-onset, and outcomes of AKI in patients treated with intravenous vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam or other antipseudomonal antibiotics...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the cost and effectiveness of three strategies for screening and/or treating bacterial vaginosis (BV) during pregnancy prior to delivery: (1) the current standard of care, neither test nor treat for BV (Treat None); (2) test all patients for BV at 36 weeks gestation; treat if positive (Test Treat); and (3) treat all patients undergoing cesarean delivery with intravenous metronidazole at time of surgery (Treat All Cesarean). Effectiveness was defined as avoidance of postpartum surgical site infection...

Sulfide-releasing compounds reduce reperfusion injury by decreasing mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species production. We previously characterised ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a clinically used copper chelator, as a sulfide donor in rodents. Here we assessed translation to large mammals prior to clinical testing. In healthy pigs an intravenous ATTM dose escalation revealed a reproducible pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship with minimal adverse clinical or biochemical events. In a myocardial infarction (1-h occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery)-reperfusion model, intravenous ATTM or saline was commenced just prior to reperfusion...

Influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) is extremely acute in onset, with high lethality and morbidity within a few days, while the direct pathogenesis by influenza virus in this acute phase in the brain is largely unknown. Here we show that influenza virus enters into the cerebral endothelium and thereby induces IAE. Three-weeks-old young mice were inoculated with influenza A virus (IAV). Physical and neurological scores were recorded and temporal-spatial analyses of histopathology and viral studies were performed up to 72 h post inoculation...

Illicit drug supply adulteration can heighten the risk for adverse health outcomes. Sulfonylurea medications are widely used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Unintentional or intentional overdose of sulfonylureas can cause refractory hypoglycemia. This case report describes a 62-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department (ED) after being found on the ground with signs of mild trauma. He was noted to be persistently hypoglycemic despite boluses of intravenous dextrose, a dextrose infusion, and oral nutrition...

A 69-year-old right-handed man with a history of substance use disorder, hypertension, and diabetes presented to the emergency department in an unresponsive state. Upon examination, apart from tachycardia (heart rate, 108 beats per minute), vital signs were within normal ranges (blood pressure, 134/102 mm Hg; temperature, 97.9 ºF (36.6 ºC); respiratory rate, 16 per minute; oxygen saturation, 96%). The patient had a Glasgow coma scale score of 8. Otherwise, the physical examination revealed no abnormalities...

Butorphanol is commonly administered, both by the intravenous and intramuscular routes, to racehorses to facilitate handling for diagnostic procedures. As the administration of butorphanol for therapeutic purposes is considered appropriate, in order to avoid inadvertent positive drug tests, a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of this drug is necessary. In the current study, 12, exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered a single intramuscular dose of 0.1 mg/kg butorphanol, and serum and urine samples were collected at various times post drug administration for determination of butorphanol concentrations using a highly sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method...

Changes in physiological factors may result in large pharmacokinetic variability of vancomycin in pediatric patients, thereby leading to either supratherapeutic or subtherapeutic exposure and potentially affecting clinical outcomes. This study set out to characterize the disposition of vancomycin, quantify the exposure target and establish an optimal dosage regimen among the Southern Chinese pediatric population. Routine therapeutic drug monitoring data of 453 patients were available. We performed a retrospective population pharmacokinetic analysis of hospitalized children prescribed intravenous vancomycin using NONMEM® software...

Breast cancer (BC) is a predominant malignancy in women that constitutes approximately 30% of all cancer cases and has a mortality rate of 14% in recent years. The prevailing therapies include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, each with its own limitations and challenges. Despite oral or intravenous administration, there are numerous barriers to accessing anti-BC agents before they reach the tumor site, including physical, physiological, and biophysical barriers. The complexity of BC pathogenesis, attributed to a combination of endogenous, chronic, intrinsic, extrinsic and genetic factors, further complicates its management...

Anesthesiologists often use benzodiazepines (BZDs) due to their remarkable amnestic and anxiolytic capabilities. Because of this, they are perfect for use during the perioperative phase, when patients' anxiety levels are already high. Remimazolam has replaced certain commonly used intravenous (IV) anesthetics due to its excellent safety profile, rapid onset of action, and short half-life. The four classes of BZDs, 2-keto-benzodiazepines, 3-hydroxy-benzodiazepines, triazolobenzodiazepines, and 7-nitro-benzodiazepines based on chemical structure, provide various levels of drowsiness, forgetfulness, and anxiolysis...

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the treatment of early triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), patients with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant therapy have a high risk of disease recurrence and worse survival outcomes than those who have pathological complete response (pCR). Improving outcomes in early TNBC remains an unmet need requiring new adjuvant treatment approaches. Datopotamab deruxtecan (Dato-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate comprising a humanized anti-trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody attached via a plasma-stable, cleavable linker to a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor payload, with activity observed in advanced TNBC...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive compounds used for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes which are most often administered intravenously. Adverse events that may induce both adverse reactions and drug-to-drug interactions with changes in expected biodistribution, potentially affecting patient safety and diagnostic accuracy. Adverse reactions are relatively rare due to the small doses and under-reporting is the norm. The aim of this study is to increase awareness of the need to report in order to create protocols for the management of such adverse events among professionals in a Nuclear Medicine Department...