Andrzej Myśliwiec, Adam Posłuszny, Edward Saulicz, Iwona Doroniewicz, Paweł Linek, Tomasz Wolny, Andrzej Knapik, Jerzy Rottermund, Piotr Żmijewski, Paweł Cieszczyk
Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) is a developmental anomaly often occurring in persons with Down's syndrome (DS). According to various reports, AAI affects from 6.8 to 27% of the population with DS. The aim of this review was to illustrate the issue of AAI with regard to the progressively changing state of scientific knowledge. The extended distance between the rear surface of the frontal arcus of the C1 cervical vertebra and the anterior surface of C2 cervical vertebra dens (anterior atlanto-odontoid distance, AAOD) indicates the occurrence of AAI and is detectable through X-ray examination...
November 22, 2015: Journal of Human Kinetics