Social. Pain. Rat

BACKGROUND: Acute mesenteric ishemia(AMI) is a rare but very serious disease with high rate of mortality and morbidity. About 1-2% of all gastrointestinal disease is AMI. Mortality is about 60-80% and depends of time between starting of symptoms and establishing of diagnosis, type AMI, comorbidities. AMI is often in older population with coronary syndrom and atrial fibrilation. AMI may be occlusive(embolisatio arteriae mesentericae superior(AMS), or thrombosis of AMS, mesenterial vein thrombosis) and nonoclusive form(NOMI)...

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rat housing conditions-standard conditions, social isolation, environmental enrichment-and the subsequent reversal of these conditions on the vulnerability of the gastric mucosa to ulcerogenic stimuli, somatic pain sensitivity, and treadmill work capacity. Rats, aged 30 days, were placed in standard conditions (SC), social isolation (Is), and environmental enrichment (EE) for 4 weeks. Then half of each group underwent a reversal of housing conditions: SC rats were moved to Is, Is rats were placed in EE, EE rats were moved to Is, for 2 weeks...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in incidence over the past several decades, and is associated with a range of co-morbidities including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions including gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and/or diarrhea. Several animal models have been used that replicate several aspects of ASD but no single model has been able to replicate the entire disease pathophysiology. In humans, prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been identified as a significant risk factor and rodent models have shown that in utero VPA exposure leads to behavioral deficits in offspring...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin, a natural compound found in seaweed, on various aspects of autism using a rat model induced by valproic acid (VPA). Pregnant rats were administered VPA (600 mg/kg) on gestational day 12.5, and male pups were orally administered fucoxanthin at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg beginning on post-natal day (PND) 23-43. Behavioral assessments were conducted on PND 45-53, and on PND 54, the animals were sacrificed for further biochemical analyses (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO)) via UV spectroscopy...

Affective empathy, the ability to share the emotions of others, is an important contributor to the richness of our emotional experiences. Here, we review evidence that rodents show signs of fear and pain when they witness the fear and pain of others. This emotional contagion creates a vicarious emotion in the witness that mirrors some level of detail of the emotion of the demonstrator, including its valence and the vicinity of threats, and depends on brain regions such as the cingulate, amygdala, and insula that are also at the core of human empathy...

Drug exposure during adolescence, when the "reward" circuitry of the brain is developing, can permanently impact reward-related behavior into adulthood. Epidemiological studies show that opioid treatment during adolescence, such as pain management for a dental procedure or surgery, increases the incidence of psychiatric illness including substance use disorders. Moreover, the opioid epidemic currently in the United States is affecting younger individuals raising the impetus to understand the pathogenesis of the negative effects of opioids...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are highly sensitive irritated points within a tense belt of skeletal muscle, and are the main cause of muscle pain and dysfunction. MTrPs can also cause paraesthesia and autonomic nervous dysfunction. Furthermore, long-term and chronic MTrPs can cause muscle atrophy and even disability, seriously affecting the quality of life and mental health of patients, and increasing the social and economic burden. However, to date, there have been few studies on fibrogenesis and changes in MTrPs...

Previous studies have shown the relevance of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) in nerve or tissue injury-induced nociception. However, the role of these proteins in chronic stress and social transfer of stress (STS)-induced dysfunctional pain is not entirely known. The aim of this study was to determine the participation of the spinal HMGB1-TNFα signaling pathway and TNFα receptor 1 (TNFR1) in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRS) and STS...

Social isolation is a reliable method used for the induction of depression and psychiatric disorders in rodents. It has been suggested that social isolation can lead to hyperlocomotion, as a schizophrenic-like symptom in rodents. On the other hand, crocin (the major constituent of Crocus sativus) induces a wide-range of neuroprotective and mood enhancer effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of acute crocin on social isolation-induced behavioral changes and BDNF expression in the hippocampus...

BACKGROUND: In the short term, parental presence while a human infant is in pain buffers the immediate pain responses, although emerging evidence suggests repeated social buffering of pain may have untoward long-term effects. METHODS/FINDING: To explore the short- and long-term impacts of social buffering of pain, we first measured the infant rat pup's [postnatal day (PN) 8, or 12] response to mild tail shock with the mother present compared to shock alone or no shock...

INTRODUCTION: We have previously shown that Environmental Enrichment (EE), a multi-modal psychosocial intervention consisting of increased social interaction, novelty, and open spaces, improved disease presentation, anxiety, and immune-related disturbances in the rat model of endometriosis. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effects of EE interventions in patients with this painful, inflammatory chronic disease. AIM: To adapt and test the efficacy of an EE intervention on pelvic pain, mental health, perceived stress, quality of life, and systemic inflammation in endometriosis patients through a randomized clinical trial (RCT)...

Paradoxically, while acute pain leads to transiently elevated corticosterone, chronic pain does not result in persistently elevated corticosterone. In the sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of chronic pain, we have shown that the same nerve injury produces a range of behavioural outcomes, each associated with distinctive adaptations to the HPA-axis to achieve stable plasma corticosterone levels. We also demonstrated that CRF and GR expression in the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) was increased in rats that showed persistent changes to their social behaviours during Resident-Intruder testing ('Persistent Effect' rats) when compared to rats that showed no behavioural changes ('No Effect' rats)...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Shrub kava has long been grown and utilized, primarily in the South Pacific region, for ceremonial, religious, and social occasions. It has been used as a pain reliever and muscle relaxant in medicinal practices from eighteenth century. Interestingly, relatively low incidence of lung cancer may attribute to the high consumption of kava products in this region. AIM OF THE STUDY: Kava extracts were used to produce the kava chalcones Flavokawain A, B and C, which have a variety of bioactivities...

It is well established that rats exposed to inflammation during pregnancy or the perinatal period have an increased chance of developing schizophrenia-like symptoms and behaviors, and people with schizophrenia also have raised levels of inflammatory markers. Therefore, there is evidence supporting the idea that anti-inflammatory drugs may have therapeutic benefits. Aceclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has anti-inflammatory properties and is used clinically to treat inflammatory and painful processes such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, making it a potential candidate for preventive or adjunctive therapy in schizophrenia...

BACKGROUND: High morbidity of nonspecific low back pain (NLBP) and large consumption of medical resources caused by it have become a heavy social burden. There are many factors inducing NLBP, among which the damage and atrophy of multifidus (MF) are most closely related to NLBP. Scraping therapy can have significant treatment effects on NLBP with fewer adverse reactions and less medical fund input than other modalities or medications. However, the mechanism of scraping therapy treating NLBP remains unclarified...

The ongoing opioid addiction crisis necessitates the identification of novel risk factors to improve prevention and treatment of opioid use disorder. Parental opioid exposure has recently emerged as a potential regulator of offspring vulnerability to opioid misuse, in addition to heritable genetic liability. An understudied aspect of this "missing heritability" is the developmental presentation of these cross-generational phenotypes. This is an especially relevant question in the context of inherited addiction-related phenotypes, given the prominent role of developmental processes in the etiology of psychiatric disorders...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by restrictive and repetitive behavior followed by impairment in social, verbal, and non-verbal interaction and communication. Valproic acid (VPA) is a well-known anti-epileptic drug, but its prenatal exposure to animals causes social impairment, neurotransmitters imbalance, and neuroinflammation with ASD-like phenotypes. Syringic acid (SA) is a polyphenolic compound with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and neuromodulator activity...

UNLABELLED: The retromandibular anterior trans-parotid (RAT) approach and a triangular-positioned double mini-plate osteosynthesis (TDO) technique have been reported from Innsbruck Medical University. This minimally invasive technique involves direct visualization of the condyle and is associated with lower incidence of facial palsy. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on the RAT approach and TDO technique conducted by a surgeon and team at two hospitals in Tokyo during a period of 3 years and 10 months...

Over the past two decades, the escalating prescription of opioid medications for pain management has culminated in a widespread opioid epidemic, significantly impacting public health, social dynamics, and economic stability. The urgent need for improved treatments for opioid addiction necessitates a deeper understanding of its biological underpinnings, with genetic variations playing a crucial role in individual susceptibility to opioid use disorder (OUD) and influencing clinical practices. In this study, we leverage the genetic diversity of four rat strains (ACI/N, BN/NHsd, WKY/N, and F344/N) to examine the contribution of genetic factors to oxycodone metabolism and addiction-like behaviors...

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder, presenting with a variety of aetiological and phenotypical features. Ibudilast is known to produce beneficial effects in several neurological disorders including neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, etc. by displaying its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, in our study, the pharmacological outcome of ibudilast administration was investigated in the prenatal valproic acid (VPA)-model of ASD in Wistar rats...