Desulfurization

Often, trace impurities in a feed stream will cause failures in industrial applications. The efficient removal of such a trace impurity from industrial steams, however, is a daunting challenge due to the extremely small driving force for mass transfer. The issue lies in an activity-stability dilemma, that is, an ultrafine adsorbent that offers a high exposure of active sites is favorable for capturing species of a low concentration, but free-standing adsorptive species are susceptible to rapidly aggregating in working conditions, thus losing their intrinsic high activity...

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, 2-methoxybenzyl 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate ( C1 ) 2-methoxybenzyl 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate ( C2 ), and methoxybenzyl 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylate ( C3 ) obtained through desulfurative cyclization reaction. The compound C2 was crystallized, and its crystal structure was elucidated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out to analyze, visualize and globally appreciate the weak interactions involved in crystal packing...

Additional organics are generally supplemented in the sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification system to accelerate the denitrification rate and reduce sulfate production. In this study, different concentrations of sodium acetate (NaAc) were added to the sulfide-driven autotrophic denitrification reactor, and the S0 accumulation increased from 7.8% to 100% over a 120-day operation period. Batch experiments revealed a threefold increase in total nitrogen (TN) removal rate at an Ac- -C/N ratio of 2.8 compared to a ratio of 0...

Semi-dry desulfurization is an efficient means of SO2 removal from the effluent gases from electrolysis cells in aluminum smelters. These gases are at low temperature and contain low concentrations of SO2 , as opposed to thermal power plants. The removal is carried out by injecting powdered alkaline sorbent, hydrated lime (solid particles), into the SO2 -containing gas (gas phase) in the presence of humidity. The reaction is controlled by the adsorption of SO2 onto the surface of lime. This study involves the mathematical modelling of a lab-scale scrubber using a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach in order to analyze the desulfurization efficiency...

The paper introduced hydrophilic functional groups on the surface of the MgO desulfurizer to improve its dispersion and hydrophilicity on the basis of reducing the particle size of the MgO desulfurizer to the nanometer level. Mechanical grinding technology was used to improve the traditional two-step method to lay the foundation for its large-scale production. The stability test showed that the ζ potential of the 5 wt % modified MgO desulfurizer was greater than 50 mV with 30 days of storage, and the sedimentation rate was not more than 7%...

In this Letter, we report a direct and robust desulfurization method employing water-soluble phosphine, specifically tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), and tetrahydroxydiboron (B2 (OH)4 ), which serves as a radical initiator. This innovative reaction exhibits compatibility with a diverse array of substrates, including cysteine residues in chemically synthesized oligopeptides and cyclic peptides, alkyl thiols in bioactive molecules, disulfides in commercial proteins, and selenocysteine. We optimized the reaction conditions to minimize the formation of undesired oxidized and borylated byproducts...

A regiodivergent allylation of 1 H -indoles highly selectively at the C3 and N1 positions with β-acyl allylic sulfides through desulfurative C-C/C-N bond-forming reactions has been developed under mild conditions. Notably, the remarkable site-selective switch can be achieved by a delicate choice of solvents and bases. This cost-efficient method displays a broad substrate scope, good functional compatibility, and excellent site-selectivity, thus offering a divergent synthesis of indole substituted α-branched enones, which possess diverse potential opportunities for further applications and derivatization...

The wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) system of coal-fired power plants shows a good removal effect on condensable particulate matter (CPM), reducing the dust removal pressure for the downstream flue gas purification devices. In this work, the removal effect of a WFGD system on CPM and its organic pollutants from a coal-fired power plant was studied. By analyzing the organic components of the by-products emitted from the desulfurization tower, the migration characteristics of organic pollutants in gas, liquid, and solid phases, as well as the impact of desulfurization towers on organic pollutants in CPM, were discussed...

Unlike terrestrial angiosperm plants, the freshwater aquatic angiosperm duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) grows directly in water and has distinct responses to heavy-metal stress. Plantlets accumulate metabolites, including lipids and carbohydrates, under heavy-metal stress, but how they balance metabolite levels is unclear, and the gene networks that mediate heavy-metal stress responses remain unknown. Here, we show that heavy-metal stress induced by flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater reduces chlorophyll contents, inhibits growth, reduces membrane lipid biosynthesis, and stimulates membrane lipid degradation in S...

Large amount of sulphur is released by the combustion of fossil fuels in the form of SoX which affects human health and leads to acid rain. To overcome this issue, it is essential to eliminate sulphur moieties from heterocyclic organo-sulphur compounds like Dibenzothiophene (DBT) present in the petrol. In this study Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is used to analyze the desulfurizing activity of Tsukamurella paurometabola bacterial strain. The most prominent SERS peaks observed at 791, 837, 944 and 1032 cm-1 , associated to C-S stretching, are solely observed in dibenzothiophene and its metabolite-I (DBTS) but absent in 2-Hydroxybiphenyl (metabolite-II) and extraction sample of supernatant as a result of biodesulfurization...

In order to improve the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance of MOF materials, an effective way is to convert a microporous MOF into a hierarchical porous MOF (HP-MOF) by utilizing the linker selective retention strategy. Herein, UiO-66 with the introduction of an unstable linker ligand (dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-dicarboxylate, dhtz) can selectively remove dhtz ligands to form HP-MOF (HP-UiO-66-dhtz) through heat treatment at high temperature. While maintaining the original structure of UiO-66, HP-UiO-66-dhtz features mesopores and abundant Lewis acid sites, showing excellent ODS performance for diphenylthiophene (DBT)...

Porous Ionic Liquids (PILs) have gained attention but facing challenges in catalysis, especially in liquid-liquid two-phase reactions due to limited catalytic sites and hydrophilicity control. This work engineered a Type III PILs (PILS-M) using zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) confined phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) as the microporous framework and N-butyl pyridine bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide ionic liquid ([Bpy][NTf2 ]) as the solvent. The PILS-M not only combines the advantages of traditional ionic liquids and microporous frameworks, including excellent extraction, high dispersion of catalytically active species, remarkable stability, etc...

Host-guest catalyst provides new opportunities for targeted applications and the development of new strategies for preparing host-guest catalysts is highly desired. Herein, an in situ solvent-free approach is developed for implanting ZrW2 O7 (OH)2 (H2 O)2 nanorods (ZrW-NR) in nitro-functionalized UiO-66(Zr) (UiO-66(Zr)-NO2 ) with hierarchical porosity, and the encapsulation of ZrW-NR enables the as-prepared host-guest catalyst remarkably enhanced catalytic performance for both for oxidative desulfurization (ODS) and acetalization reactions...

The development of stable and effective catalysts to convert toxic H2 S into high value-added sulfur is essential for production safety and environmental protection. However, the inherent defects of traditional iron- and zirconium-based catalysts, such as poor activity, high oxygen consumption, and low sulfur selectivity, limit their further developments and applications. Herein, the Fe-Zr bimetallic organic framework FeUIO-66( x ) with different cubic morphologies was synthesized via a facile solvothermal method...

Limited research has been conducted on ammonia (NH3 ) volatilization and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in saline-alkali paddy fields, along with complex interaction involving various genes (16sRNA, amoA, narG, nirK, nosZ, and nifH). This study employed mesocosm-scale experiment to investigate NH3 volatilization and GHGs emissions, focusing on bacterial communities and genic abundance, in saline-alkali paddy fields with desulfurized gypsum (DG) and organic fertilizer (OF) amendments. Compared to the control (CK) treatment, DG and OF treatments reduced methane (CH4 ) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions by 78...

Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is of great significance in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, desulfurization of fuels, and detoxification of sulfur mustard chemical warfare agents. Designing selective catalysts to achieve the efficient transformation of sulfides to sulfoxides is thus highly desired. Herein, we report three transition metal-complex-functionalized polyoxovanadates, [Zn2 (BPB)2 ][V4 O12 ]·0.5BPB·H2 O ( 1 ), [Ni(BPB)(H2 O)][V2 O6 ]·2H2 O ( 2 ), and [Co(HBPB)2 ][V4 O12 ] ( 3 ) (BPB = 1,4-bis(pyrid-4-yl)benzene)), and explore their applications for selective oxidation of sulfides using H2 O2 as an oxidant...

Considering the synergistic carbon/pollution reduction and resource utilization, this study proposes recycling of manganese desulfurization slag to prepare low-temperature NH3 -SCR catalyst based on solid-state ion-exchange. The desulfurization slag was hydrothermally treated to be support under mild conditions, with the parent manganese oxide ore serving as active component. Hydrothermal treatment with a desulfurization slag to NaOH mass ratio of 1.0, at 100 °C for 10 h were actually cost-effective conditions for DS recycling...

The mix proportion of multi-source coal-based solid waste (CSW) for underground backfilling affects transportation and support performance of backfill materials, and even the backfilling cost. In this study, the optimal mix proportion of desulfurization gypsum (DG), furnace bottom slag (FBS) and gasification fine slag (GFS) is determined by the Response Surface Methodology-Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD). Then the fluidity, bleeding rate, 3-day strength, 7-day strength and preparation cost are evaluation indicators, the optimal mix proportion of backfill materials is determined by the multi-objective decision-making method (MDM)...

Separation and reaction processes are key components employed in the modern chemical industry, and the former accounts for the majority of the energy consumption therein. In particular, hydrocarbon separation and purification processes, such as aromatics extraction, desulfurization, and denitrification, are challenging in petroleum refinement, an industrial cornerstone that provides raw materials for products used in human activities. The major technical shortcomings in solvent extraction are volatile solvent loss, product entrainment leading to secondary pollution, low separation efficiency, and high regeneration energy consumption due to the use of traditional organic solvents with high boiling points as extraction agents...

Since 2020, hybrid exhaust gas cleaning systems have been installed on container ships to be in line with the International Maritime Organisation regulations. This technology allows the removal of gaseous sulphur oxide compound before atmospheric rejection of exhaust gas with a concentration lower than 0.1% sulphur equivalent. To be also compliant with water discharge criteria, membrane processes used as a water treatment system have been complementary installed onboard maritime vessels. Objectives of our research are to demonstrate the membrane efficiency and performances for this field of application and their reliability for reaching future regulations...