Drag Delivery

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have demonstrated their ability to facilitate skin penetrability of rigid nanoparticles (NPs). Here, we reported a feasible and simple transdermal delivery strategy using mesoporous silica nanoparticles impregnated in DES hydrogels for topical management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To achieve this goal, nanoceria was immobilized within a silica nanoparticle matrix (MSN) and encapsulated with methotrexate (MTX). The functionalized nanoparticles were first engineered in an Arginine (Arg)-citric acid (CA) DES and then transferred to the carbomer hydrogel matrix...

Despite advances in neurology, drug delivery to the central nervous system is considered a challenge due to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB). In this study, the role of magnetic hyperthermia induced by exposure of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) in synergy with an external magnetic field (EMF) was investigated to transiently increase the permeability of the MNPs across the BBB. A dual magnetic targeting approach was employed by first dragging the MNPs by an EMF for an intended enhanced cellular association with the brain endothelial cells and then activating the MNPs by an AMF for the temporary disruption of the tight junctions of BBB...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Due to the low toxicity, unique physiochemical properties, and appropriate surface modifications, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are used as target carriers in drug delivery systems. In the present problem, we have considered both single-walled and multi-walled CNTs to study the impact of irreversibility on the micropolar nanofluid flow through a squeezing channel with the base fluid blood. The blood is considered a micropolar fluid in the presence of different blood cells and their rotational nature...

Drag reduction is a key problem in marine vehicles and fluid transportation industries. Reducing drag strategies and mechanisms need to be further investigated. To explore a bionic approach for reducing flow resistance, experimental and numerical simulation research was conducted to study the drag reduction characteristics of the Paramisgurnus dabryanus surface microstructure. In this study, the large-area flexible surface of the bionic loach scale was prepared by the template method of one-step demoulding...

During the past few years, advances in drag delivery have provided many opportunities in the treatment of various diseases and cancer. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) and Erlotinib (Erlo) are two drugs, approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) to treat cancer, but their use is limited in terms of the toxicity of ATO and the low solubility of Erlo. This study aimed to prepare RGD-decorated nanoliposomes (NLPs) containing Erlo and ATO (NLPs-ATO-Erlo-RGD) to increase the solubility and reduce the toxicity of Erlo and ATO for cancer treatment...

Chemotherapy drugs are mainly administered via intravenous injection or oral administration in a very a high dosage. If there is a targeted drug vehicle which can be deployed on the tumor, the medical treatment is specific and precise. Binary mixing of biocompatible Pluronic® F127 and Pluronic® L121 was used in this study for a drug carrier of pluronic biomedical hydrogels (PBHs). Based on the same PBH ingredients, the addition of fluorouracil (5-FU) was separated in three ways when it was incorporated with pluronics: F127-L121-(5-FU), F127-(5-FU), and L121-(5-FU)...

Micromotors have spread widely in order to meet the needs of new applications, including cell operation, drug delivery, biosensing, precise surgery and environmental decontamination, due to their small size, low energy consumption and large propelling power, especially the newly designed multifunctional micromotors that combine many extra shape features in one device. Features such as rod-like receptors, dendritic biosensors and ball-like catalyzing enzymes are added to the outer surface of the tubular micromotor during fabrication to perform their special mission...

Parametric and non-parametric frontier applications are typical for measuring the efficiency and productivity of many healthcare units. Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, hospital efficiency is the center of academic discussions and the most desired target for many public authorities under limited resources. Investigating the state of the art of such applications and methodologies in the healthcare sector, besides uncovering strategical managerial prospects, can expand the scientific knowledge on the fundamental differences among efficiency models, variables and applications, drag research attention to the most attractive and recurrent concepts, and broaden a discussion on the specific theoretical and empirical gaps still to be addressed in future research agendas...

Background: Although high efficacy of laser balloon (LB) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has been shown, the conventional point-by-point technique requires a long procedure time. We investigated the clinical effectiveness of the manual dragging laser technique. Methods: We enrolled 51 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF who underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using first-generation LB (LB1) at our institution. The first 25 patients underwent PVI using a point-by-point laser irradiation maneuver (point-by-point group)...

Background: The lesion formation properties of a motorized rotational delivery (RAPID) mode, third-generation laser balloon (LB3) ablation compared to point-by-point laser ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation remain unclear. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess lesion characteristics and thermodynamics in LB3 ablation with a RAPID mode in vitro model. Methods: Chicken muscles were cauterized using LB3 in RAPID mode with 13 W and 15 W and 50% overlapped point-by-point fashion with 7 W/30 seconds, 8...

Gene vectors to treat cystic fibrosis lung disease should be targeted to the conducting airways, as peripheral lung transduction does not offer therapeutic benefit. Viral transduction efficiency is directly related to the vector residence time. However, delivered fluids such as gene vectors naturally spread to the alveoli during inspiration, and therapeutic particles of any form are rapidly cleared via mucociliary transit. Extending gene vector residence time within the conducting airways is important, but hard to achieve...

We present a case report of a helicopter pilot who fell into a crevasse during a fuel delivery in Antarctica. He was trapped alone in the crevasse for 3 h while waiting for a rescue team to arrive, and a further 1 h during the extrication process. His condition deteriorated during the extrication and he lost consciousness and signs of life minutes after being dragged over the lip of the crevasse. He was then loaded into the rescue helicopter and treated with intermittent cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the 39-min return flight...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a promising method to improve the therapy efficiency for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and cancers. In MDT, therapeutic agents are bonded to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) cores and then are guided toward the damaged tissue through a magnetic field. Fundamentally, it's vital to steer the SPIONs to the desired location to increase the capture efficiency at the target lesion. Hence, the present study aims to enhance the drug delivery to the desired branch in a carotid bifurcation...

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) had been widely used in lung diseases on account of direct pulmonary delivery, good drug stability and satisfactory patient compliance. However, an indistinct understanding of pulmonary delivery processes (PDPs) hindered the development of DPIs. Most current evaluation methods explored the PDPs with over-simplified models, leading to uncompleted investigations of the whole or partial PDPs. In the present research, an innovative modular process analysis platform (MPAP) was applied to investigate the detailed mechanisms of each PDP of DPIs with different carrier particle sizes (CPS)...

Transdermal delivery of solid nanoparticles remains a big problem. Microneedle administration and subcutaneous injection are the only two feasible approaches. Here, we developed a noninvasive strategy for the transdermal delivery of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) using deep eutectic solvent (DES) from amino acid (AA) and citric acid (CA), which showed a substantial enhancement in skin penetration ability. MSNs were surface modified by CA and then reacted with Lysine (Lys) to form the DES-MSNs system...

Over the past few years, nanotechnology-based approaches have emerged to override drug resistance owing to their superiority over other formulations because of their diverse therapeutic advantages such as target-specific drug delivery, enhanced bioavailability, biodegradability, and minimal off-target effects. Hybrid nanomaterials as a formulation of anticancer drugs with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have adequately proven efficacious in controlled release as well as disintegration into ultrasmall nanoparticles dragging the drug to penetrate deep into tumor tissues and consequently getting cleared from the body...

The addition of reagents for assays in digital microfluidic (DMF) systems is traditionally done by merging of droplets containing different analytes or reagents in solution. However, this process significantly increases droplet volume after each step, resulting in dilution of the analyte and reagents. Here, we report a new technique for performing reagent additions to aqueous droplets without significantly increasing the droplet's volume: volume-less reagent delivery (VRD). VRD is enabled by a physical phenomenon we call "exclusive liquid repellency" (ELR), which describes an aqueous/oil/solid 3-phase system where the aqueous phase can be fully repelled from a solid phase (contact angle ∼180°)...

The bacterial thiopeptide thiostrepton (TS) is used as a veterinary medicine to treat bacterial infections. TS is a protein translation inhibitor, essentially active against Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative bacteria. In procaryotes, TS abrogates binding of GTPase elongation factors to the 70S ribosome, by altering the structure of rRNA-L11 protein complexes. TS exerts also antimalarial effects by disrupting protein synthesis in the apicoplast genome of Plasmodium falciparum. Interestingly, the drug targets both the infectious pathogen (bacteria or parasite) and host cell, by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy which contributes to enhance the host cell defense...

Survey of literature unveils that nanofluids are more efficient for heat transport in comparison to the traditional fluids. However, the enlightenment of developed techniques for the augmentation of heat transport in nanomaterials has considerable gaps and, consequently, an extensive investigation for aforementioned models is vital. The ongoing investigation aims to study the 2-D, incompressible Jeffrey nanofluid heat transference flow due to a stretchable surface. Furthermore, the effect of dispersion of graphene nanoparticles in base liquid ethylene glycol (EG) on the performance of flow and heat transport using the Tawari-Das model in the existence of Ohmic heating (electroconductive heating) and viscous heat dissipation is contemplated...

The crucial role of the hemorheological characteristics of blood in a range of diagnoses, treatments and drug delivery mechanisms is widely accepted. Nonetheless, the literature on blood rheology remains inconclusive and sometimes even contradictory. This is in part due to natural variance of blood samples from one study to another, but also stems from fundamental differences in the consequences of the choice of rheometric flow employed. Here, and using a detailed and accurate computational scheme, we thoroughly study the role of flow type in measurement of blood viscosity...